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מנחות נב

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מנחות מב
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תקציר

רבי שמעון ורבי יהודה נחלקו אם קרבן העלם דבר של ציבור משולם מתרומת הלשכה או שיש צורך במגבית ייעודית חדשה מן העם. מובאות שתי גרסאות בשאלה מי החזיק באיזו עמדה, והגמרא מניחה שהם החליפו את דעותיהם בשלב מסוים ומסכמת שרבי שמעון סובר שהתשלום מגיע מקופת המקדש, ורבי יהודה סובר שיש צורך במגבית חדשה.

רבי יוחנן שאל על המצב המתואר במשנה שבו הכהן הגדול מת וטרם מונה לו מחליף, ומובא עישרון שלם. האם הוא מובא פעמיים ביום, הן בבוקר והן בערב, או רק פעם אחת ביום? רבא מביא הוכחה שהמנחה מובאת פעמיים ביום. הדבר הובא לפני רבי ירמיה והוא לגלג עליו וכינה את רבא בבלאי טיפשאי. לאחר מכן רבא מביא הוכחה אחרת מפסוק בתורה המכנה את המנחה תמיד, בהשוואה לקרבן התמיד המובא פעמיים ביום. הגמרא מסכמת שרבא צודק, כפי שניתן לראות בברייתא האומרת זאת במפורש.

במקרה רגיל שבו כהן גדול מביא עישרון אחד ומחלק אותו בין הבוקר לבין הערביים, קיימת מחלוקת בין אבא יוסי בן דוסתאי לבין חכמים אם מביאים שני קומצי לבונה או רק אחד. רבי יוחנן שואל אם היו מכפילים את הלבונה לדעת חכמים במקרה שהציבור או היורשים מביאים את המנחה (אם הכהן הגדול מת), ואם היו מכפילים את השמן לדעת שתי העמדות. מובאת ברייתא שממנה מבינים שלא מכפילים אף אחד מהם, לדעת שתי העמדות.

רוב המנחות הן מצה, מלבד קרבן שתי הלחם המובא בשבועות ועשרה מלחמי התודה שהם חמץ. כיצד נמדד השאור במדידת הקמח למנחה? מובאות כמה דעות.

 

מנחות נב

בְּאֶפְרָהּ אֵין מוֹעֲלִין.

but if one derives benefit from its ashes, one is not liable for misusing consecrated property. It is clear from the baraita that by Torah law one is not liable for misuse of consecrated property if he derives benefit from the ashes of a red heifer.

אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: שְׁתֵּי תַּקָּנוֹת הֲוַאי, דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא – בָּהּ מוֹעֲלִין, בְּאֶפְרָהּ אֵין מוֹעֲלִין. כֵּיוָן דַּחֲזוֹ דְּקָא מְזַלְזְלִי בַּהּ, וְקָא עָבְדִי מִינֵּיהּ לְמַכָּתָן – גְּזַרוּ בֵּיהּ מְעִילָה.

Rav Ashi said in response: In fact, this halakha is by Torah law, but there were two ordinances that were enacted concerning this matter. By Torah law, if one derives benefit from it, the animal itself, he is liable for misusing consecrated property, but if he derives benefit from its ashes he is not liable for misusing consecrated property. Once the Sages saw that people were treating the ashes of the heifer disrespectfully, and making salves for their wounds from it, they decreed that it is subject to the halakhot of misuse of consecrated property and one may not derive benefit from it.

כֵּיוָן דַּחֲזוֹ דְּקָא פָּרְשִׁי מִסְּפֵק הַזָּאוֹת, אוֹקְמוּהָ אַדְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.

Once they saw that as a result of this decree people were refraining from sprinkling it in cases where there was uncertainty as to whether or not an individual was impure and required sprinkling, they revoked the decree and established it in accordance with the halakha as it is by Torah law, that one is not liable for misusing the ashes of a red heifer.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִיבּוּר וּשְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה – בַּתְּחִילָּה מַגְבִּין לָהֶן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה הֵן בָּאִין.

§ The Gemara cites a dispute between Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yehuda that is similar to the one cited earlier. The Sages taught in a baraita: If there is a need to sacrifice the bull for an unwitting communal sin, brought if the Sanhedrin issues an erroneous halakhic ruling concerning a prohibition for which one is liable to receive karet and the majority of the community acts upon it, or the goats brought if the Sanhedrin issues an erroneous ruling permitting idol worship and the majority of the community acts on it, a new collection of funds is organized for them. The funds are not taken from the collection of the Temple treasury chamber, unlike other communal offerings. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says: The funds for these sacrifices come from the collection of the chamber.

וְהָתַנְיָא אִיפְּכָא, הֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ אַחְרִיתָא?

The Gemara challenges: But isn’t it taught in a baraita the opposite, i.e., that the first opinion cited above is that of Rabbi Shimon and the second is that of Rabbi Yehuda? Which of the two baraitot is the later one and therefore the more accurate and authoritative version of their opinions?

אַמְרוּהָ רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אָשֵׁי: לֵימָא קַמַּיְיתָא אַחְרִיתָא, דְּשָׁמְעִינַן לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דְּחָיֵישׁ לִפְשִׁיעָה.

The Sages said the following before Rav Ashi: Let us say that the first baraita cited above is the later one, as we have heard that Rabbi Shimon is concerned about the possibility of negligence. Just as Rabbi Shimon was concerned above that the heirs of the High Priest would not provide the funds for the griddle-cake offering, it is reasonable to assume that he would be concerned that people would not contribute to a new collection, and therefore the funds are taken from the collection of the chamber.

אֲמַר לְהוּ רַב אָשֵׁי: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא בָּתְרָיְיתָא אַחְרִיתָא, כִּי קָא חָיֵישׁ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לִפְשִׁיעָה – מִילְּתָא דְּלֵית בְּהוּ כַּפָּרָה בְּגַוַּוהּ, בְּמִילְּתָא דְּאִית לְהוּ כַּפָּרָה בְּגַוַּוהּ – לָא חָיֵישׁ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לִפְשִׁיעָה.

Rav Ashi said to the Sages: You may even say that the latter baraita cited above is the later and more authoritative one. When Rabbi Shimon expressed that he is concerned about the possibility of people acting with negligence, that was only with regard to a matter that does not provide them with atonement, e.g., the griddle-cake offering of the deceased High Priest. But Rabbi Shimon is not concerned about the possibility of negligence with regard to a matter that does provide them with atonement, e.g., these sin offerings.

מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ?

The Gemara asks, in light of the fact that the discussion above was inconclusive: What conclusion was reached about it; which baraita is later and more authoritative?

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבָּה זוּטֵי לְרַב אָשֵׁי: תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתַנְיָא: ״אֶת קׇרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ״ – לְרַבּוֹת פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִיבּוּר וּשְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁבָּאִין מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן.

Rabba Zuti said to Rav Ashi: Come and hear a resolution, as it is taught in a baraita: The verse concerning the daily sacrifice: “Command the children of Israel, and say to them: My food that is presented to Me for offerings made by fire, of a pleasing aroma to Me, you shall observe to sacrifice to Me in its due season” (Numbers 28:2), serves to include the bull for an unwitting communal sin and the goats of idol worship. This teaches that the funds for these offerings come from the collection of the chamber; this is the statement of Rabbi Shimon. This proves that it is Rabbi Shimon who holds that these sacrifices are brought from the collection of the chamber.

וּשְׁלֵימָה הָיְתָה קְרֵיבָה וְכוּ׳. אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא: בָּעֵי רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן – שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית וּשְׁלֵימָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, אוֹ דִילְמָא שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית וּבְטֵילָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם?

§ The mishna teaches: And for the duration of the period until a new High Priest is appointed, the griddle-cake offering was sacrificed as a complete tenth of an ephah of fine flour. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba says that Rabbi Yoḥanan raises a dilemma: Does the mishna mean that a complete tenth of an ephah is offered in the morning and another complete tenth of an ephah is offered in the afternoon, because this offering is sacrificed twice a day and is not divided in half when it is not brought by the High Priest himself? Or does it perhaps mean that a complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the morning and the offering is canceled in the afternoon?

אָמַר רָבָא תָּא שְׁמַע: שְׁמִינִי בַּחֲבִיתִּים, וְאִם אִיתָא דִּבְטֵילָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם – הָא זִמְנִין דְּלָא מַשְׁכַּח לֵיהּ שְׁמִינִי בַּחֲבִיתִּים! הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? דְּמֵת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וְלֹא מִינּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו.

Rava said: Come and hear the resolution to this dilemma from that which is taught in a mishna (Tamid 31b) describing the order of the nine priests who brought the limbs of the daily offering up to the ramp of the altar, both in the morning and in the afternoon: The eighth priest carries the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest. And if it were so that the offering is canceled in the afternoon, then sometimes one would not find the eighth priest carrying the griddle-cake offering. What are the circumstances when there would be no eighth priest? In a case where the High Priest died after he brought his griddle-cake offering in the morning and they did not yet appoint another High Priest in his stead. Therefore, it must be that a complete tenth of an ephah was also brought for the afternoon offering.

אַמְרוּהָ רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יִרְמְיָה, אֲמַר: בַּבְלָאֵי טַפְשָׁאֵי, מִשּׁוּם (דְּיָתְבוּ) [דְּיָתְבִי] בְּאַתְרָא דַּחֲשׁוֹכָא אָמְרִי שְׁמַעְתָּתָא דִּמְחַשְּׁכָן.

The Sages stated this proof before Rabbi Yirmeya. Rabbi Yirmeya rejected it and said: Those foolish Babylonians, because they dwell in a low-lying and therefore dark land, they state halakhot that are dark, i.e., erroneous.

אֶלָּא, דְּקָתָנֵי: שְׁבִיעִי בַּסֹּלֶת, תְּשִׁיעִי בַּיַּיִן, הָכִי נָמֵי דְּלָא בָּטְלִי?

Rather, with regard to that which the same mishna teaches: The seventh priest carries the fine flour for the meal offering component of the daily offering and the ninth priest carries the wine for the libations that accompany the daily offering, is it also the case that they are never canceled?

״מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם״ בַּלַּיְלָה, ״מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם״ אֲפִילּוּ לְמָחָר.

That is not correct, as it is derived from the verse “Their meal offering and their libations” (Numbers 29:18) that these items may be sacrificed even at night, despite the fact that the daily offering they accompany must be sacrificed during the day. Similarly, the phrase “their meal offering and their libations” indicates that these items may be sacrificed even the next day (see 44b). Under those circumstances there would not have been fine flour and wine brought by the seventh and nine priests at the time of the daily offering.

אֶלָּא, דְּאִי לָא קָתָנֵי; הָכִי נָמֵי, דְּאִי לָא קָתָנֵי.

Rather, one must explain that the tanna does not teach cases of what if, and is speaking only about the typical case. So too with regard to Rava’s proof from the mishna, it is not compelling because the tanna does not teach cases of what if the High Priest dies and a successor has not yet been appointed.

אַהְדְּרוּהָ קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר: מִבִּישׁוּתִין אָמְרִי קַמַּיְיהוּ, מִטֵּיבוּתִין לָא אָמְרִי קַמַּיְיהוּ.

The Sages then brought Rabbi Yirmeya’s analysis before Rava. Rava initially said to them: You state our inferior statements, which can be refuted, before the Sages of Eretz Yisrael, but you do not state our superior statements before them?

והֲדַר אָמַר רָבָא: הָנֵי נָמֵי טֵיבוּתִין הִיא, אָמַר קְרָא: ״סֹלֶת מִנְחָה תָּמִיד״, הֲרֵי הִיא לְךָ כְּמִנְחַת תְּמִידִין.

And Rava then said to them: This statement, that the griddle-cake offering is sacrificed twice a day even if there is no High Priest, is also one of our superior statements, as the verse states concerning the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest: “Fine flour for a meal offering perpetually [tamid], half of it in the morning, and half of it in the evening” (Leviticus 6:13). This teaches that the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest is like the meal offering component of the daily offerings [temidin] and must be sacrificed in the morning and the afternoon, even if the High Priest died and was not yet replaced.

מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתַנְיָא: שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית, וּשְׁלֵימָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.

The Gemara asks: What halakhic conclusion was reached about this matter? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Come and hear a resolution to Rabbi Yoḥanan’s dilemma, as it is taught explicitly in a baraita: If the High Priest died and was not yet replaced, a complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the morning and another complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the afternoon.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי וְרַבָּנַן.

§ Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Abba Yosei ben Dostai and the Rabbis disagree as to the amount of frankincense brought with the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest.

אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי אוֹמֵר: מַפְרִישׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי קְמָצִים שֶׁל לְבוֹנָה, קוֹמֶץ שַׁחֲרִית וְקוֹמֶץ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם. וְרַבָּנַן אָמְרִי: מַפְרִישׁ לָהּ קוֹמֶץ אֶחָד, חֲצִי קוֹמֶץ שַׁחֲרִית וַחֲצִי קוֹמֶץ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.

Abba Yosei ben Dostai says: The High Priest separates two handfuls of frankincense for his griddle-cake offering each day; one handful for his morning offering and one handful for his afternoon offering. And the Rabbis say: The High Priest separates one handful of frankincense each day for his griddle-cake offering. He divides it in half and brings half a handful for his morning offering and half a handful for his afternoon offering.

בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי סָבַר: לָא אַשְׁכְּחַן חֲצִי קוֹמֶץ דְּקָרֵיב, וְרַבָּנַן סָבְרִי: לָא אַשְׁכְּחַן עִשָּׂרוֹן דְּבָעֵי שְׁנֵי קְמָצִים.

The Gemara clarifies: With regard to what principle do they disagree? Abba Yosei ben Dostai holds that since one does not find a case where the Torah explicitly states that half a handful is sacrificed, he brings a complete handful for each offering. And the Rabbis hold that since one does not find a case where a tenth of an ephah requires two handfuls of frankincense, he brings only one handful and divides it between the two offerings.

בָּעֵי רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת וְלֹא מִינּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו,

Having discussed the quantity of frankincense that is generally brought with the griddle-cake offering, the Gemara now addresses a case where the High Priest died. Rabbi Yoḥanan raises a dilemma: In the case of a High Priest who died and they did not yet appoint another in his stead,

לְרַבָּנַן הוּכְפְּלָה לְבוֹנָתוֹ, אוֹ לָא? מִי אָמְרִינַן: מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהוּכְפְּלָה סׇלְתּוֹ הוּכְפְּלָה לְבוֹנָתוֹ, אוֹ דִילְמָא מַאי דְּגַלִּי גַּלִּי, מַאי דְּלָא גַּלִּי לָא גַּלִּי.

according to the Rabbis, who hold that generally one handful of frankincense is divided between the morning and afternoon offerings, is the amount of frankincense doubled or not? Do we say that since in this case its fine flour is doubled, as a complete tenth of an ephah of fine flour is sacrificed in both the morning and evening, its frankincense is also doubled? Or perhaps that which the verse reveals, i.e., that a complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the morning and afternoon, it reveals, and that which it does not reveal, it does not reveal; and therefore, since the verse does not indicate that the amount of frankincense is doubled, only one handful is brought.

וְשֶׁמֶן, בֵּין לְאַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי וּבֵין לְרַבָּנַן – מַהוּ?

And furthermore, what is the halakha concerning the oil of the griddle-cake offering in a case where the High Priest died and was not yet replaced, both according to Abba Yosei ben Dostai and according to the Rabbis? Is the required amount three log, as it is when the High Priest brings the griddle-cake offering, or is the amount of oil doubled just as the amount of fine flour is doubled?

אָמַר רָבָא תָּא שְׁמַע: חֲמִשָּׁה קְמָצִין הֵן, וְאִם אִיתָא, זִימְנִין דְּמַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ שִׁבְעָה.

Rava said: Come and hear a resolution to the dilemma concerning the quantity of frankincense that is brought in this case, based upon a mishna (106b): There are five halakhot pertaining to a handful. The halakha of the frankincense sacrificed with the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest is not included in this number, because only half a handful of frankincense is sacrificed at one time. And if it is so that when there is no High Priest a complete handful is brought in the morning and in the afternoon, then sometimes you find that there are seven halakhot pertaining to a handful.

דְּאִי לָא קָתָנֵי, יָתֵיב רַב פָּפָּא וְקָאָמַר לַהּ לְהָא שְׁמַעְתָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב יוֹסֵף בַּר שְׁמַעְיָה לְרַב פָּפָּא: וְהָא מַעֲלֶה קוֹמֶץ בַּחוּץ, דְּאִי הֲוָה, וְקָתָנֵי.

The Gemara rejects this proof: The tanna does not teach cases of what if the High Priest died, and is speaking only about a typical case. The Gemara relates that Rav Pappa was sitting and teaching this halakha. Rav Yosef bar Shemaya said to Rav Pappa: But the mishna does list the case of one who intentionally offers up the handful from a meal offering outside the Temple courtyard, who is liable to receive karet. This is not a standard case but rather a case of what if, and nevertheless it is taught in the mishna. Accordingly, Rava’s proof is valid.

מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתַנְיָא: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת וְלֹא מִינּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו – שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית, וּשְׁלֵימָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם, וּמַפְרִישׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי קְמָצִין – קוֹמֶץ שַׁחֲרִית וְקוֹמֶץ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם, וּמַפְרִישׁ לָהּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת לוּגִּין – לוֹג וּמֶחֱצָה שַׁחֲרִית, לוֹג וּמֶחֱצָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.

The Gemara asks: What conclusion was reached about this matter? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Come and hear a resolution, as it is taught in a baraita: In the case of a High Priest who died and they did not yet appoint another in his stead, a complete tenth of an ephah of fine flour is brought for the griddle-cake offering in the morning and another complete tenth of an ephah is brought in the afternoon. And one separates two handfuls of frankincense for it, and sacrifices one handful with the morning offering and one handful with the afternoon offering. And one separates three log of oil for it, and brings a log and a half with the morning offering and a log and a half with the afternoon offering.

מַנִּי? אִילֵּימָא רַבָּנַן – מַאי שְׁנָא לְבוֹנָתָהּ דְּהוּכְפְּלָה, וּמַאי שְׁנָא שַׁמְנָהּ דְּלֹא הוּכְפְּלָה?

The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is this baraita? If we say that it is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, what is different about its frankincense such that it is doubled in the case where the High Priest died, and what is different about its oil such that it is not doubled?

אֶלָּא, אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי הִיא, דְּאָמַר: חֲבִיתֵּי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּעָלְמָא שְׁנֵי קְמָצִין בָּעֲיָא, וּלְבוֹנָה לֹא הוּכְפְּלָה, וְשֶׁמֶן לֹא הוּכְפַּל.

Rather, the baraita is in accordance with the opinion of Abba Yosei ben Dostai, who said: The griddle-cake offering of the High Priest generally requires two handfuls. And therefore when the baraita requires two handfuls of frankincense in the case where the High Priest died and another has not yet been appointed, the frankincense is not being doubled and the oil is also not doubled. Therefore, three log of oil are required, as usual.

וּמִדְּשֶׁמֶן לְאַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי לֹא הוּכְפְּלָה לְבוֹנָתָהּ וְשַׁמְנָהּ, לְרַבָּנַן נָמֵי לָא הוּכְפְּלוּ.

And from the fact that according to Abba Yosei ben Dostai the requisite oil is not doubled, one can conclude that also according to the Rabbis its frankincense and its oil are not doubled.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הֲלָכָה כְּאַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי. וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הָכִי? וְהָא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הֲלָכָה כִּסְתַם מִשְׁנָה, וּתְנַן: חֲמִשָּׁה קְמָצִין הֵן.

This discussion in the Gemara began with Rabbi Yoḥanan presenting the dispute between Abba Yosei ben Dostai and the Rabbis, and it concludes with his ruling concerning their dispute. Rabbi Yoḥanan says: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Abba Yosei ben Dostai. The Gemara asks: And did Rabbi Yoḥanan actually say this? But doesn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan state a principle that the halakha is in accordance with the ruling of an unattributed mishna, and we learned in the unattributed mishna cited earlier: There are only five halakhot pertaining to a handful. Since the mishna does not list the fact that a handful of frankincense is offered twice daily with the griddle-cake offering, how can Rabbi Yoḥanan accept that opinion?

אָמוֹרָאֵי נִינְהוּ, וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן.

The Gemara answers: They are different amora’im, and they disagree with regard to the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan. One said that Rabbi Yoḥanan rules in accordance with Abba Yosei ben Dostai, and one said that according to Rabbi Yoḥanan the halakha is always in accordance with an unattributed mishna.

הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ הַתְּכֵלֶת.

מַתְנִי׳ כׇּל הַמְּנָחוֹת בָּאוֹת מַצָּה, חוּץ מֵחָמֵץ שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם שֶׁהֵן בָּאוֹת חָמֵץ.

MISHNA: All the meal offerings come to be offered as matza, with care taken to prevent leavening, except for ten loaves of leavened bread among the forty loaves that accompany the thanks offering, and the meal offering of the two loaves that are brought on the festival of Shavuot, as they come to be offered as leavened bread.

רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: הַשְּׂאוֹר בּוֹדֶה לָהֶן מִתּוֹכָן, וּמְחַמְּצָן.

The Sages disagree as to the manner in which those meal offerings are leavened. Rabbi Meir says: With regard to the leaven added to the dough to facilitate leavening, one separates [bodeh] part of the flour for the meal offerings from within the flour of the meal offerings themselves, causes it to become leaven, and leavens the meal offerings with it.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אַף הִיא אֵינָהּ מִן הַמּוּבְחָר, אֶלָּא מֵבִיא אֶת הַשְּׂאוֹר וְנוֹתְנוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַמִּדָּה, וּמְמַלֵּא אֶת הַמִּדָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אַף הִיא הָיְתָה חֲסֵרָה אוֹ יְתֵרָה.

Rabbi Yehuda says: That is also not the optimal manner in which to fulfill the mitzva, as aged leaven is a more effective leavening agent. Rather, one brings the leaven from another, aged, dough and places it into the measuring vessel, and then he adds flour until he fills the measuring vessel, to ensure the appropriate measure of a tenth of an ephah of flour. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: That too is inappropriate, as in that manner the meal offering will either be lacking the requisite measure or be greater than the required measure, as the Gemara will explain.

גְּמָ׳ בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי פְּרִידָא מֵרַבִּי אַמֵּי: מִנַּיִן לְכׇל הַמְּנָחוֹת שֶׁהֵן בָּאוֹת מַצָּה? מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב בַּהּ – כְּתִיב בַּהּ, דְּלָא כְּתִיב בַּהּ – כְּתִיב בַּהּ

GEMARA: Rabbi Perida raised a dilemma before Rabbi Ami: From where is it derived with regard to all the meal offerings that they come to be offered as matza? Rabbi Ami was puzzled by this question, and replied: What do you mean when you say: From where do we derive this? Concerning every meal offering with regard to which it is written explicitly in the Torah that it comes as matza, it is written with regard to it, and therefore the dilemma does not arise. And concerning any meal offering where it is not written explicitly with regard to it that it must be matza, nevertheless it is written with regard to it:

העמקה

רוצה להבין מה באמת קורה מתחת לפני השטח של הסוגיה?
שיעורים, פודקאסטים והרחבות של מיטב המורות שלנו יפתחו לך עוד זוויות וכיווני חשיבה.

לשיעורי עוד על הדף באנגלית, לחצי כאן

חדשה בלימוד הגמרא?

זה הדף הראשון שלך? איזו התרגשות עצומה! יש לנו בדיוק את התכנים והכלים שיעזרו לך לעשות את הצעדים הראשונים ללמידה בקצב וברמה שלך, כך תוכלי להרגיש בנוח גם בתוך הסוגיות המורכבות ומאתגרות.

פסיפס הלומדות שלנו

גלי את קהילת הלומדות שלנו, מגוון נשים, רקעים וסיפורים. כולן חלק מתנועה ומסע מרגש ועוצמתי.

התחלתי ללמוד דף יומי באמצע תקופת הקורונה, שאבא שלי סיפר לי על קבוצה של בנות שתיפתח ביישוב שלנו ותלמד דף יומי כל יום. הרבה זמן רציתי להצטרף לזה וזאת הייתה ההזדמנות בשבילי. הצטרפתי במסכת שקלים ובאמצע הייתה הפסקה קצרה. כיום אני כבר לומדת באולפנה ולומדת דף יומי לבד מתוך גמרא של טיינזלץ.

Saturdays in Raleigh
שבות בראלי

עתניאל, ישראל

התחלתי מעט לפני תחילת הסבב הנוכחי. אני נהנית מהאתגר של להמשיך להתמיד, מרגעים של "אהה, מפה זה הגיע!” ומהאתגר האינטלקטואלי

Eilat-Chen and Deller
אילת-חן ודלר

לוד, ישראל

רבנית מישל הציתה אש התלמוד בלבבות בביניני האומה ואני נדלקתי. היא פתחה פתח ותמכה במתחילות כמוני ואפשרה לנו להתקדם בצעדים נכונים וטובים. הקימה מערך שלם שמסובב את הלומדות בסביבה תומכת וכך נכנסתי למסלול לימוד מעשיר שאין כמוה. הדרן יצר קהילה גדולה וחזקה שמאפשרת התקדמות מכל נקודת מוצא. יש דיבוק לומדות שמחזק את ההתמדה של כולנו. כל פניה ושאלה נענית בזריזות ויסודיות. תודה גם למגי על כל העזרה.

Sarah Aber
שרה אבר

נתניה, ישראל

"
גם אני התחלתי בסבב הנוכחי וב””ה הצלחתי לסיים את רוב המסכתות . בזכות הרבנית מישל משתדלת לפתוח את היום בשיעור הזום בשעה 6:20 .הלימוד הפך להיות חלק משמעותי בחיי ויש ימים בהם אני מצליחה לחזור על הדף עם מלמדים נוספים ששיעוריהם נמצאים במרשתת. שמחה להיות חלק מקהילת לומדות ברחבי העולם. ובמיוחד לשמש דוגמה לנכדותיי שאי””ה יגדלו לדור שלימוד תורה לנשים יהיה משהו שבשגרה. "

Ronit Shavit
רונית שביט

נתניה, ישראל

התחלתי ללמוד גמרא בבית הספר בגיל צעיר והתאהבתי. המשכתי בכך כל חיי ואף היייתי מורה לגמרא בבית הספר שקד בשדה אליהו (בית הספר בו למדתי בילדותי)בתחילת מחזור דף יומי הנוכחי החלטתי להצטרף ובע”ה מקווה להתמיד ולהמשיך. אני אוהבת את המפגש עם הדף את "דרישות השלום ” שמקבלת מקשרים עם דפים אחרים שלמדתי את הסנכרון שמתחולל בין התכנים.

Ariela Bigman
אריאלה ביגמן

מעלה גלבוע, ישראל

התחלתי ללמוד דף יומי לפני שנתיים, עם מסכת שבת. בהתחלה ההתמדה היתה קשה אבל בזכות הקורונה והסגרים הצלחתי להדביק את הפערים בשבתות הארוכות, לסיים את מסכת שבת ולהמשיך עם המסכתות הבאות. עכשיו אני מסיימת בהתרגשות רבה את מסכת חגיגה וסדר מועד ומחכה לסדר הבא!

Ilana-Shachnowitz
אילנה שכנוביץ

מודיעין, ישראל

סיום השס לנשים נתן לי מוטביציה להתחיל ללמוד דף יומי. עד אז למדתי גמרא בשבתות ועשיתי כמה סיומים. אבל לימוד יומיומי זה שונה לגמרי ופתאום כל דבר שקורה בחיים מתקשר לדף היומי.

Fogel Foundation
קרן פוגל

רתמים, ישראל

התחלתי ללמוד דף יומי ממסכת נידה כי זה היה חומר הלימוד שלי אז. לאחר הסיום הגדול בבנייני האומה החלטתי להמשיך. וב”ה מאז עם הפסקות קטנות של קורונה ולידה אני משתדלת להמשיך ולהיות חלק.

זה משפיע מאוד על היום יום שלי ועל אף שאני עסוקה בלימודי הלכה ותורה כל יום, זאת המסגרת הקבועה והמחייבת ביותר שיש לי.

Moriah Taesan Michaeli
מוריה תעסן מיכאלי

גבעת הראל, ישראל

My explorations into Gemara started a few days into the present cycle. I binged learnt and become addicted. I’m fascinated by the rich "tapestry” of intertwined themes, connections between Masechtot, conversations between generations of Rabbanim and learners past and present all over the world. My life has acquired a golden thread, linking generations with our amazing heritage.
Thank you.

Susan Kasdan
סוזן כשדן

חשמונאים, Israel

שמעתי על הסיום הענק של הדף היומי ע”י נשים בבנייני האומה. רציתי גם.
החלטתי להצטרף. התחלתי ושיכנעתי את בעלי ועוד שתי חברות להצטרף. עכשיו יש לי לימוד משותף איתו בשבת ומפגש חודשי איתן בנושא (והתכתבויות תדירות על דברים מיוחדים שקראנו). הצטרפנו לקבוצות שונות בווטסאפ. אנחנו ממש נהנות. אני שומעת את השיעור מידי יום (בד”כ מהרב יוני גוטמן) וקוראת ומצטרפת לסיומים של הדרן. גם מקפידה על דף משלהן (ונהנית מאד).

Liat Citron
ליאת סיטרון

אפרת, ישראל

התחלתי מעט לפני תחילת הסבב הנוכחי. אני נהנית מהאתגר של להמשיך להתמיד, מרגעים של "אהה, מפה זה הגיע!” ומהאתגר האינטלקטואלי

Eilat-Chen and Deller
אילת-חן ודלר

לוד, ישראל

התחלתי ללמוד בסבב הנוכחי לפני כשנתיים .הסביבה מתפעלת ותומכת מאוד. אני משתדלת ללמוד מכל ההסכתים הנוספים שיש באתר הדרן. אני עורכת כל סיום מסכת שיעור בביתי לכ20 נשים שמחכות בקוצר רוח למפגשים האלו.

Yael Asher
יעל אשר

יהוד, ישראל

התחלתי ללמוד את הדף היומי מעט אחרי שבני הקטן נולד. בהתחלה בשמיעה ולימוד באמצעות השיעור של הרבנית שפרבר. ובהמשך העזתי וקניתי לעצמי גמרא. מאז ממשיכה יום יום ללמוד עצמאית, ולפעמים בעזרת השיעור של הרבנית, כל יום. כל סיום של מסכת מביא לאושר גדול וסיפוק. הילדים בבית נהיו חלק מהלימוד, אני משתפת בסוגיות מעניינות ונהנית לשמוע את דעתם.

Eliraz Blau
אלירז בלאו

מעלה מכמש, ישראל

התחלתי ללמוד דף לפני קצת יותר מ-5 שנים, כשלמדתי רבנות בישיבת מהר”ת בניו יורק. בדיעבד, עד אז, הייתי בלימוד הגמרא שלי כמו מישהו שאוסף חרוזים משרשרת שהתפזרה, פה משהו ושם משהו, ומאז נפתח עולם ומלואו…. הדף נותן לי לימוד בצורה מאורגנת, שיטתית, יום-יומית, ומלמד אותי לא רק ידע אלא את השפה ודרך החשיבה שלנו. לשמחתי, יש לי סביבה תומכת וההרגשה שלי היא כמו בציטוט שבחרתי: הדף משפיע לטובה על כל היום שלי.

Michal Kahana
מיכל כהנא

חיפה, ישראל

רבנית מישל הציתה אש התלמוד בלבבות בביניני האומה ואני נדלקתי. היא פתחה פתח ותמכה במתחילות כמוני ואפשרה לנו להתקדם בצעדים נכונים וטובים. הקימה מערך שלם שמסובב את הלומדות בסביבה תומכת וכך נכנסתי למסלול לימוד מעשיר שאין כמוה. הדרן יצר קהילה גדולה וחזקה שמאפשרת התקדמות מכל נקודת מוצא. יש דיבוק לומדות שמחזק את ההתמדה של כולנו. כל פניה ושאלה נענית בזריזות ויסודיות. תודה גם למגי על כל העזרה.

Sarah Aber
שרה אבר

נתניה, ישראל

A life-changing journey started with a Chanukah family tiyul to Zippori, home of the Sanhedrin 2 years ago and continued with the Syum in Binanei Hauma where I was awed by the energy of 3000 women dedicated to learning daf Yomi. Opening my morning daily with a fresh daf, I am excited with the new insights I find enriching my life and opening new and deeper horizons for me.

Becky Goldstein
בקי גולדשטיין

Elazar gush etzion, Israel

התחלתי ללמוד דף יומי בסבב הקודם. זכיתי לסיים אותו במעמד המרגש של הדרן. בסבב הראשון ליווה אותי הספק, שאולי לא אצליח לעמוד בקצב ולהתמיד. בסבב השני אני לומדת ברוגע, מתוך אמונה ביכולתי ללמוד ולסיים. בסבב הלימוד הראשון ליוותה אותי חוויה מסויימת של בדידות. הדרן העניקה לי קהילת לימוד ואחוות נשים. החוויה של סיום הש”ס במעמד כה גדול כשנשים שאינן מכירות אותי, שמחות ומתרגשות עבורי , היתה חוויה מרוממת נפש

Ilanit Weil
אילנית ווייל

קיבוץ מגדל עוז, ישראל

A friend in the SF Bay Area said in Dec 2019 that she might start listening on her morning drive to work. I mentioned to my husband and we decided to try the Daf when it began in Jan 2020 as part of our preparing to make Aliyah in the summer.

Hana Piotrkovsky
חנה פיוטרקובסקי

ירושלים, Israel

התחלתי לפני 8 שנים במדרשה. לאחרונה סיימתי מסכת תענית בלמידה עצמית ועכשיו לקראת סיום מסכת מגילה.

Daniela Baruchim
דניאלה ברוכים

רעננה, ישראל

בתחילת הסבב הנוכחי של לימוד הדף היומי, נחשפתי לחגיגות המרגשות באירועי הסיום ברחבי העולם. והבטחתי לעצמי שבקרוב אצטרף גם למעגל הלומדות. הסבב התחיל כאשר הייתי בתחילת דרכי בתוכנית קרן אריאל להכשרת יועצות הלכה של נשמ”ת. לא הצלחתי להוסיף את ההתחייבות לדף היומי על הלימוד האינטנסיבי של תוכנית היועצות. בבוקר למחרת המבחן הסופי בנשמ”ת, התחלתי את לימוד הדף במסכת סוכה ומאז לא הפסקתי.

Hana Shaham-Rozby (Dr.)
חנה שחם-רוזבי (ד”ר)

קרית גת, ישראל

מנחות נב

בְּאֶפְרָהּ אֵין מוֹעֲלִין.

but if one derives benefit from its ashes, one is not liable for misusing consecrated property. It is clear from the baraita that by Torah law one is not liable for misuse of consecrated property if he derives benefit from the ashes of a red heifer.

אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: שְׁתֵּי תַּקָּנוֹת הֲוַאי, דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא – בָּהּ מוֹעֲלִין, בְּאֶפְרָהּ אֵין מוֹעֲלִין. כֵּיוָן דַּחֲזוֹ דְּקָא מְזַלְזְלִי בַּהּ, וְקָא עָבְדִי מִינֵּיהּ לְמַכָּתָן – גְּזַרוּ בֵּיהּ מְעִילָה.

Rav Ashi said in response: In fact, this halakha is by Torah law, but there were two ordinances that were enacted concerning this matter. By Torah law, if one derives benefit from it, the animal itself, he is liable for misusing consecrated property, but if he derives benefit from its ashes he is not liable for misusing consecrated property. Once the Sages saw that people were treating the ashes of the heifer disrespectfully, and making salves for their wounds from it, they decreed that it is subject to the halakhot of misuse of consecrated property and one may not derive benefit from it.

כֵּיוָן דַּחֲזוֹ דְּקָא פָּרְשִׁי מִסְּפֵק הַזָּאוֹת, אוֹקְמוּהָ אַדְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.

Once they saw that as a result of this decree people were refraining from sprinkling it in cases where there was uncertainty as to whether or not an individual was impure and required sprinkling, they revoked the decree and established it in accordance with the halakha as it is by Torah law, that one is not liable for misusing the ashes of a red heifer.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִיבּוּר וּשְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה – בַּתְּחִילָּה מַגְבִּין לָהֶן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה הֵן בָּאִין.

§ The Gemara cites a dispute between Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yehuda that is similar to the one cited earlier. The Sages taught in a baraita: If there is a need to sacrifice the bull for an unwitting communal sin, brought if the Sanhedrin issues an erroneous halakhic ruling concerning a prohibition for which one is liable to receive karet and the majority of the community acts upon it, or the goats brought if the Sanhedrin issues an erroneous ruling permitting idol worship and the majority of the community acts on it, a new collection of funds is organized for them. The funds are not taken from the collection of the Temple treasury chamber, unlike other communal offerings. This is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Shimon says: The funds for these sacrifices come from the collection of the chamber.

וְהָתַנְיָא אִיפְּכָא, הֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ אַחְרִיתָא?

The Gemara challenges: But isn’t it taught in a baraita the opposite, i.e., that the first opinion cited above is that of Rabbi Shimon and the second is that of Rabbi Yehuda? Which of the two baraitot is the later one and therefore the more accurate and authoritative version of their opinions?

אַמְרוּהָ רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אָשֵׁי: לֵימָא קַמַּיְיתָא אַחְרִיתָא, דְּשָׁמְעִינַן לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דְּחָיֵישׁ לִפְשִׁיעָה.

The Sages said the following before Rav Ashi: Let us say that the first baraita cited above is the later one, as we have heard that Rabbi Shimon is concerned about the possibility of negligence. Just as Rabbi Shimon was concerned above that the heirs of the High Priest would not provide the funds for the griddle-cake offering, it is reasonable to assume that he would be concerned that people would not contribute to a new collection, and therefore the funds are taken from the collection of the chamber.

אֲמַר לְהוּ רַב אָשֵׁי: אֲפִילּוּ תֵּימָא בָּתְרָיְיתָא אַחְרִיתָא, כִּי קָא חָיֵישׁ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לִפְשִׁיעָה – מִילְּתָא דְּלֵית בְּהוּ כַּפָּרָה בְּגַוַּוהּ, בְּמִילְּתָא דְּאִית לְהוּ כַּפָּרָה בְּגַוַּוהּ – לָא חָיֵישׁ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לִפְשִׁיעָה.

Rav Ashi said to the Sages: You may even say that the latter baraita cited above is the later and more authoritative one. When Rabbi Shimon expressed that he is concerned about the possibility of people acting with negligence, that was only with regard to a matter that does not provide them with atonement, e.g., the griddle-cake offering of the deceased High Priest. But Rabbi Shimon is not concerned about the possibility of negligence with regard to a matter that does provide them with atonement, e.g., these sin offerings.

מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ?

The Gemara asks, in light of the fact that the discussion above was inconclusive: What conclusion was reached about it; which baraita is later and more authoritative?

אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבָּה זוּטֵי לְרַב אָשֵׁי: תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתַנְיָא: ״אֶת קׇרְבָּנִי לַחְמִי לְאִשַּׁי רֵיחַ נִיחֹחִי תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ״ – לְרַבּוֹת פַּר הֶעְלֵם דָּבָר שֶׁל צִיבּוּר וּשְׂעִירֵי עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁבָּאִין מִתְּרוּמַת הַלִּשְׁכָּה, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן.

Rabba Zuti said to Rav Ashi: Come and hear a resolution, as it is taught in a baraita: The verse concerning the daily sacrifice: “Command the children of Israel, and say to them: My food that is presented to Me for offerings made by fire, of a pleasing aroma to Me, you shall observe to sacrifice to Me in its due season” (Numbers 28:2), serves to include the bull for an unwitting communal sin and the goats of idol worship. This teaches that the funds for these offerings come from the collection of the chamber; this is the statement of Rabbi Shimon. This proves that it is Rabbi Shimon who holds that these sacrifices are brought from the collection of the chamber.

וּשְׁלֵימָה הָיְתָה קְרֵיבָה וְכוּ׳. אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא: בָּעֵי רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן – שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית וּשְׁלֵימָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, אוֹ דִילְמָא שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית וּבְטֵילָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם?

§ The mishna teaches: And for the duration of the period until a new High Priest is appointed, the griddle-cake offering was sacrificed as a complete tenth of an ephah of fine flour. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba says that Rabbi Yoḥanan raises a dilemma: Does the mishna mean that a complete tenth of an ephah is offered in the morning and another complete tenth of an ephah is offered in the afternoon, because this offering is sacrificed twice a day and is not divided in half when it is not brought by the High Priest himself? Or does it perhaps mean that a complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the morning and the offering is canceled in the afternoon?

אָמַר רָבָא תָּא שְׁמַע: שְׁמִינִי בַּחֲבִיתִּים, וְאִם אִיתָא דִּבְטֵילָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם – הָא זִמְנִין דְּלָא מַשְׁכַּח לֵיהּ שְׁמִינִי בַּחֲבִיתִּים! הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? דְּמֵת כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל וְלֹא מִינּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו.

Rava said: Come and hear the resolution to this dilemma from that which is taught in a mishna (Tamid 31b) describing the order of the nine priests who brought the limbs of the daily offering up to the ramp of the altar, both in the morning and in the afternoon: The eighth priest carries the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest. And if it were so that the offering is canceled in the afternoon, then sometimes one would not find the eighth priest carrying the griddle-cake offering. What are the circumstances when there would be no eighth priest? In a case where the High Priest died after he brought his griddle-cake offering in the morning and they did not yet appoint another High Priest in his stead. Therefore, it must be that a complete tenth of an ephah was also brought for the afternoon offering.

אַמְרוּהָ רַבָּנַן קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יִרְמְיָה, אֲמַר: בַּבְלָאֵי טַפְשָׁאֵי, מִשּׁוּם (דְּיָתְבוּ) [דְּיָתְבִי] בְּאַתְרָא דַּחֲשׁוֹכָא אָמְרִי שְׁמַעְתָּתָא דִּמְחַשְּׁכָן.

The Sages stated this proof before Rabbi Yirmeya. Rabbi Yirmeya rejected it and said: Those foolish Babylonians, because they dwell in a low-lying and therefore dark land, they state halakhot that are dark, i.e., erroneous.

אֶלָּא, דְּקָתָנֵי: שְׁבִיעִי בַּסֹּלֶת, תְּשִׁיעִי בַּיַּיִן, הָכִי נָמֵי דְּלָא בָּטְלִי?

Rather, with regard to that which the same mishna teaches: The seventh priest carries the fine flour for the meal offering component of the daily offering and the ninth priest carries the wine for the libations that accompany the daily offering, is it also the case that they are never canceled?

״מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם״ בַּלַּיְלָה, ״מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם״ אֲפִילּוּ לְמָחָר.

That is not correct, as it is derived from the verse “Their meal offering and their libations” (Numbers 29:18) that these items may be sacrificed even at night, despite the fact that the daily offering they accompany must be sacrificed during the day. Similarly, the phrase “their meal offering and their libations” indicates that these items may be sacrificed even the next day (see 44b). Under those circumstances there would not have been fine flour and wine brought by the seventh and nine priests at the time of the daily offering.

אֶלָּא, דְּאִי לָא קָתָנֵי; הָכִי נָמֵי, דְּאִי לָא קָתָנֵי.

Rather, one must explain that the tanna does not teach cases of what if, and is speaking only about the typical case. So too with regard to Rava’s proof from the mishna, it is not compelling because the tanna does not teach cases of what if the High Priest dies and a successor has not yet been appointed.

אַהְדְּרוּהָ קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא, אֲמַר: מִבִּישׁוּתִין אָמְרִי קַמַּיְיהוּ, מִטֵּיבוּתִין לָא אָמְרִי קַמַּיְיהוּ.

The Sages then brought Rabbi Yirmeya’s analysis before Rava. Rava initially said to them: You state our inferior statements, which can be refuted, before the Sages of Eretz Yisrael, but you do not state our superior statements before them?

והֲדַר אָמַר רָבָא: הָנֵי נָמֵי טֵיבוּתִין הִיא, אָמַר קְרָא: ״סֹלֶת מִנְחָה תָּמִיד״, הֲרֵי הִיא לְךָ כְּמִנְחַת תְּמִידִין.

And Rava then said to them: This statement, that the griddle-cake offering is sacrificed twice a day even if there is no High Priest, is also one of our superior statements, as the verse states concerning the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest: “Fine flour for a meal offering perpetually [tamid], half of it in the morning, and half of it in the evening” (Leviticus 6:13). This teaches that the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest is like the meal offering component of the daily offerings [temidin] and must be sacrificed in the morning and the afternoon, even if the High Priest died and was not yet replaced.

מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתַנְיָא: שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית, וּשְׁלֵימָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.

The Gemara asks: What halakhic conclusion was reached about this matter? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Come and hear a resolution to Rabbi Yoḥanan’s dilemma, as it is taught explicitly in a baraita: If the High Priest died and was not yet replaced, a complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the morning and another complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the afternoon.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי וְרַבָּנַן.

§ Rabbi Yoḥanan says: Abba Yosei ben Dostai and the Rabbis disagree as to the amount of frankincense brought with the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest.

אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי אוֹמֵר: מַפְרִישׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי קְמָצִים שֶׁל לְבוֹנָה, קוֹמֶץ שַׁחֲרִית וְקוֹמֶץ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם. וְרַבָּנַן אָמְרִי: מַפְרִישׁ לָהּ קוֹמֶץ אֶחָד, חֲצִי קוֹמֶץ שַׁחֲרִית וַחֲצִי קוֹמֶץ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.

Abba Yosei ben Dostai says: The High Priest separates two handfuls of frankincense for his griddle-cake offering each day; one handful for his morning offering and one handful for his afternoon offering. And the Rabbis say: The High Priest separates one handful of frankincense each day for his griddle-cake offering. He divides it in half and brings half a handful for his morning offering and half a handful for his afternoon offering.

בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי סָבַר: לָא אַשְׁכְּחַן חֲצִי קוֹמֶץ דְּקָרֵיב, וְרַבָּנַן סָבְרִי: לָא אַשְׁכְּחַן עִשָּׂרוֹן דְּבָעֵי שְׁנֵי קְמָצִים.

The Gemara clarifies: With regard to what principle do they disagree? Abba Yosei ben Dostai holds that since one does not find a case where the Torah explicitly states that half a handful is sacrificed, he brings a complete handful for each offering. And the Rabbis hold that since one does not find a case where a tenth of an ephah requires two handfuls of frankincense, he brings only one handful and divides it between the two offerings.

בָּעֵי רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת וְלֹא מִינּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו,

Having discussed the quantity of frankincense that is generally brought with the griddle-cake offering, the Gemara now addresses a case where the High Priest died. Rabbi Yoḥanan raises a dilemma: In the case of a High Priest who died and they did not yet appoint another in his stead,

לְרַבָּנַן הוּכְפְּלָה לְבוֹנָתוֹ, אוֹ לָא? מִי אָמְרִינַן: מִתּוֹךְ שֶׁהוּכְפְּלָה סׇלְתּוֹ הוּכְפְּלָה לְבוֹנָתוֹ, אוֹ דִילְמָא מַאי דְּגַלִּי גַּלִּי, מַאי דְּלָא גַּלִּי לָא גַּלִּי.

according to the Rabbis, who hold that generally one handful of frankincense is divided between the morning and afternoon offerings, is the amount of frankincense doubled or not? Do we say that since in this case its fine flour is doubled, as a complete tenth of an ephah of fine flour is sacrificed in both the morning and evening, its frankincense is also doubled? Or perhaps that which the verse reveals, i.e., that a complete tenth of an ephah is sacrificed in the morning and afternoon, it reveals, and that which it does not reveal, it does not reveal; and therefore, since the verse does not indicate that the amount of frankincense is doubled, only one handful is brought.

וְשֶׁמֶן, בֵּין לְאַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי וּבֵין לְרַבָּנַן – מַהוּ?

And furthermore, what is the halakha concerning the oil of the griddle-cake offering in a case where the High Priest died and was not yet replaced, both according to Abba Yosei ben Dostai and according to the Rabbis? Is the required amount three log, as it is when the High Priest brings the griddle-cake offering, or is the amount of oil doubled just as the amount of fine flour is doubled?

אָמַר רָבָא תָּא שְׁמַע: חֲמִשָּׁה קְמָצִין הֵן, וְאִם אִיתָא, זִימְנִין דְּמַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ שִׁבְעָה.

Rava said: Come and hear a resolution to the dilemma concerning the quantity of frankincense that is brought in this case, based upon a mishna (106b): There are five halakhot pertaining to a handful. The halakha of the frankincense sacrificed with the griddle-cake offering of the High Priest is not included in this number, because only half a handful of frankincense is sacrificed at one time. And if it is so that when there is no High Priest a complete handful is brought in the morning and in the afternoon, then sometimes you find that there are seven halakhot pertaining to a handful.

דְּאִי לָא קָתָנֵי, יָתֵיב רַב פָּפָּא וְקָאָמַר לַהּ לְהָא שְׁמַעְתָּא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב יוֹסֵף בַּר שְׁמַעְיָה לְרַב פָּפָּא: וְהָא מַעֲלֶה קוֹמֶץ בַּחוּץ, דְּאִי הֲוָה, וְקָתָנֵי.

The Gemara rejects this proof: The tanna does not teach cases of what if the High Priest died, and is speaking only about a typical case. The Gemara relates that Rav Pappa was sitting and teaching this halakha. Rav Yosef bar Shemaya said to Rav Pappa: But the mishna does list the case of one who intentionally offers up the handful from a meal offering outside the Temple courtyard, who is liable to receive karet. This is not a standard case but rather a case of what if, and nevertheless it is taught in the mishna. Accordingly, Rava’s proof is valid.

מַאי הָוֵי עֲלַהּ? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: תָּא שְׁמַע, דְּתַנְיָא: כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁמֵּת וְלֹא מִינּוּ אַחֵר תַּחְתָּיו – שְׁלֵימָה שַׁחֲרִית, וּשְׁלֵימָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם, וּמַפְרִישׁ לָהּ שְׁנֵי קְמָצִין – קוֹמֶץ שַׁחֲרִית וְקוֹמֶץ בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם, וּמַפְרִישׁ לָהּ שְׁלֹשֶׁת לוּגִּין – לוֹג וּמֶחֱצָה שַׁחֲרִית, לוֹג וּמֶחֱצָה בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם.

The Gemara asks: What conclusion was reached about this matter? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: Come and hear a resolution, as it is taught in a baraita: In the case of a High Priest who died and they did not yet appoint another in his stead, a complete tenth of an ephah of fine flour is brought for the griddle-cake offering in the morning and another complete tenth of an ephah is brought in the afternoon. And one separates two handfuls of frankincense for it, and sacrifices one handful with the morning offering and one handful with the afternoon offering. And one separates three log of oil for it, and brings a log and a half with the morning offering and a log and a half with the afternoon offering.

מַנִּי? אִילֵּימָא רַבָּנַן – מַאי שְׁנָא לְבוֹנָתָהּ דְּהוּכְפְּלָה, וּמַאי שְׁנָא שַׁמְנָהּ דְּלֹא הוּכְפְּלָה?

The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is this baraita? If we say that it is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, what is different about its frankincense such that it is doubled in the case where the High Priest died, and what is different about its oil such that it is not doubled?

אֶלָּא, אַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי הִיא, דְּאָמַר: חֲבִיתֵּי כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל בְּעָלְמָא שְׁנֵי קְמָצִין בָּעֲיָא, וּלְבוֹנָה לֹא הוּכְפְּלָה, וְשֶׁמֶן לֹא הוּכְפַּל.

Rather, the baraita is in accordance with the opinion of Abba Yosei ben Dostai, who said: The griddle-cake offering of the High Priest generally requires two handfuls. And therefore when the baraita requires two handfuls of frankincense in the case where the High Priest died and another has not yet been appointed, the frankincense is not being doubled and the oil is also not doubled. Therefore, three log of oil are required, as usual.

וּמִדְּשֶׁמֶן לְאַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי לֹא הוּכְפְּלָה לְבוֹנָתָהּ וְשַׁמְנָהּ, לְרַבָּנַן נָמֵי לָא הוּכְפְּלוּ.

And from the fact that according to Abba Yosei ben Dostai the requisite oil is not doubled, one can conclude that also according to the Rabbis its frankincense and its oil are not doubled.

אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הֲלָכָה כְּאַבָּא יוֹסֵי בֶּן דּוֹסְתַּאי. וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הָכִי? וְהָא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הֲלָכָה כִּסְתַם מִשְׁנָה, וּתְנַן: חֲמִשָּׁה קְמָצִין הֵן.

This discussion in the Gemara began with Rabbi Yoḥanan presenting the dispute between Abba Yosei ben Dostai and the Rabbis, and it concludes with his ruling concerning their dispute. Rabbi Yoḥanan says: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Abba Yosei ben Dostai. The Gemara asks: And did Rabbi Yoḥanan actually say this? But doesn’t Rabbi Yoḥanan state a principle that the halakha is in accordance with the ruling of an unattributed mishna, and we learned in the unattributed mishna cited earlier: There are only five halakhot pertaining to a handful. Since the mishna does not list the fact that a handful of frankincense is offered twice daily with the griddle-cake offering, how can Rabbi Yoḥanan accept that opinion?

אָמוֹרָאֵי נִינְהוּ, וְאַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן.

The Gemara answers: They are different amora’im, and they disagree with regard to the opinion of Rabbi Yoḥanan. One said that Rabbi Yoḥanan rules in accordance with Abba Yosei ben Dostai, and one said that according to Rabbi Yoḥanan the halakha is always in accordance with an unattributed mishna.

הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ הַתְּכֵלֶת.

מַתְנִי׳ כׇּל הַמְּנָחוֹת בָּאוֹת מַצָּה, חוּץ מֵחָמֵץ שֶׁבַּתּוֹדָה וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם שֶׁהֵן בָּאוֹת חָמֵץ.

MISHNA: All the meal offerings come to be offered as matza, with care taken to prevent leavening, except for ten loaves of leavened bread among the forty loaves that accompany the thanks offering, and the meal offering of the two loaves that are brought on the festival of Shavuot, as they come to be offered as leavened bread.

רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: הַשְּׂאוֹר בּוֹדֶה לָהֶן מִתּוֹכָן, וּמְחַמְּצָן.

The Sages disagree as to the manner in which those meal offerings are leavened. Rabbi Meir says: With regard to the leaven added to the dough to facilitate leavening, one separates [bodeh] part of the flour for the meal offerings from within the flour of the meal offerings themselves, causes it to become leaven, and leavens the meal offerings with it.

רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אַף הִיא אֵינָהּ מִן הַמּוּבְחָר, אֶלָּא מֵבִיא אֶת הַשְּׂאוֹר וְנוֹתְנוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַמִּדָּה, וּמְמַלֵּא אֶת הַמִּדָּה. אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אַף הִיא הָיְתָה חֲסֵרָה אוֹ יְתֵרָה.

Rabbi Yehuda says: That is also not the optimal manner in which to fulfill the mitzva, as aged leaven is a more effective leavening agent. Rather, one brings the leaven from another, aged, dough and places it into the measuring vessel, and then he adds flour until he fills the measuring vessel, to ensure the appropriate measure of a tenth of an ephah of flour. The Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: That too is inappropriate, as in that manner the meal offering will either be lacking the requisite measure or be greater than the required measure, as the Gemara will explain.

גְּמָ׳ בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי פְּרִידָא מֵרַבִּי אַמֵּי: מִנַּיִן לְכׇל הַמְּנָחוֹת שֶׁהֵן בָּאוֹת מַצָּה? מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב בַּהּ – כְּתִיב בַּהּ, דְּלָא כְּתִיב בַּהּ – כְּתִיב בַּהּ

GEMARA: Rabbi Perida raised a dilemma before Rabbi Ami: From where is it derived with regard to all the meal offerings that they come to be offered as matza? Rabbi Ami was puzzled by this question, and replied: What do you mean when you say: From where do we derive this? Concerning every meal offering with regard to which it is written explicitly in the Torah that it comes as matza, it is written with regard to it, and therefore the dilemma does not arise. And concerning any meal offering where it is not written explicitly with regard to it that it must be matza, nevertheless it is written with regard to it:

רוצה לעקוב אחרי התכנים ולהמשיך ללמוד?

ביצירת חשבון עוד היום ניתן לעקוב אחרי ההתקדמות שלך, לסמן מה למדת, ולעקוב אחרי השיעורים שמעניינים אותך.

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פעולה זו תסיר את כל הפריטים בחלק זה כולל ההתקדמות וההיסטוריה. שימי לב: לא ניתן לשחזר פעולה זו.

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