פסחים ק

פסחים ק

דִּילְמָא מְשַׁבַּשְׁתָּא הִיא.

Perhaps this baraita is corrupted, and therefore it cannot serve as the basis of an objection.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָרִימָר, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַב יֵימַר: אֲנָא אִיקְּלַעִי לְפִירְקֵיהּ דְּרַב פִּנְחָס בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב אַמֵּי, וְקָם תַּנָּא וְתָנֵי קַמֵּיהּ וְקַיבְּלַהּ מִינֵּיהּ. אִי הָכִי קַשְׁיָא! אֶלָּא מְחַוַּורְתָּא כִּדְרַב הוּנָא.

Mareimar said to him, and some say it was Rav Yeimar: I happened to come to the Festival lecture of Rav Pineḥas, son of Rav Ami, and the tanna who recited mishnayot stood up and taught this baraita before him, and he accepted it. This incident proves that the above version of the baraita is accepted and considered accurate. If so, the aforementioned objection to Rav Pappa’s opinion on the basis of the baraita remains difficult. Rather, Rav Pappa’s answer is insufficient, and it is clear that the mishna must be understood in accordance with the explanation of Rav Huna. In other words, the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who maintains that although one may eat until dark on the eves of Shabbat and other Festivals, it is prohibited to eat on Passover eve from shortly before the lesser minḥa until nightfall.

וּלְרַב הוּנָא מִי נִיחָא? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, וְאִיתֵּימָא אָמַר רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בַּר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּעֶרֶב הַפֶּסַח, וַהֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת.

The Gemara asks: And according to the explanation of Rav Huna, does it work out well? But didn’t Rabbi Yirmeya say that Rabbi Yoḥanan said, and some say that Rabbi Abbahu said that Rabbi Yosei bar Rabbi Ḥanina said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda with regard to the eve of Passover, and the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei with regard to the eve of Shabbat?

הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּעֶרֶב הַפֶּסַח, מִכְּלָל דִּפְלִיג רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּתַרְוַיְיהוּ!

The Gemara infers from the above statement: From the fact that it was necessary to say that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda with regard to the eve of Passover, this proves by inference that Rabbi Yosei disagrees with regard to both cases, both the eves of Shabbat and other Festivals, as well as Passover eve. Consequently, it is impossible to ascribe to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei the mishna’s prohibition against eating on the eve of Passover, as he evidently permits one to eat until dark even on Passover eve.

לָא: הֲלָכָה, מִכְּלָל דִּפְלִיגִי בְּהַפְסָקָה.

The Gemara answers: No; the statement should be understood as follows: When it was said that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, this proves by inference that they disagree with regard to interruption. Even Rabbi Yosei agrees that one may not start eating on Passover eve from minḥa time onward, but he maintains that one who started to eat is not obligated to interrupt his meal even when the Festival begins.

דְּתַנְיָא: מַפְסִיקִין לְשַׁבָּתוֹת, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אֵין מַפְסִיקִין.

As it was taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei disagree about interrupting a meal: If people were eating on the eve of Shabbat, they must interrupt for Shabbatot, meaning that once Shabbat begins, they must interrupt their meal, clear away the table, and recite the evening prayers and kiddush before continuing their meal; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda. Rabbi Yosei says: These diners need not interrupt their meal.

וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְּרַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל [וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה] וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי שֶׁהָיוּ מְסוּבִּין בְּעַכּוֹ וְקִדֵּשׁ עֲלֵיהֶם הַיּוֹם, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי: בְּרַבִּי, רְצוֹנְךָ נַפְסִיק וְנֵיחוּשׁ לְדִבְרֵי יְהוּדָה חֲבֵירֵנוּ?

The baraita continues by relating a story: And there was an incident involving Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, and Rabbi Yehuda, and Rabbi Yosei, who were reclining and eating together in Akko on Friday afternoon, and the day of Shabbat was sanctified, i.e., Shabbat began. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said to Rabbi Yosei: Berabbi, a title for an important man of distinguished lineage, is it your will that we should interrupt and be concerned for the statements of our colleague Yehuda, who maintains that one is obligated to interrupt his meal?

אָמַר לוֹ: בְּכׇל יוֹם וְיוֹם אַתָּה מְחַבֵּב דְּבָרַיי לִפְנֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, וְעַכְשָׁיו אַתָּה מְחַבֵּב דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה בְּפָנַי? ״הֲגַם לִכְבּוֹשׁ אֶת הַמַּלְכָּה עִמִּי בַּבָּיִת״.

He said to him: Each and every day you cherish my statements before those of Rabbi Yehuda, and rule in accordance with my opinion, and now you cherish the statement of Rabbi Yehuda before me? Rabbi Yosei continued by applying a verse to this situation: “Will he even force the queen before me in the house?” (Esther 7:8).

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִם כֵּן לֹא נַפְסִיק, שֶׁמָּא יִרְאוּ הַתַּלְמִידִים וְיִקְבְּעוּ הֲלָכָה לְדוֹרוֹת. אָמְרוּ: לֹא זָזוּ מִשָּׁם עַד שֶׁקָּבְעוּ הֲלָכָה כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי.

Rabban Shimon said to him: If so, if displaying concern for Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion will be viewed as a halakhic ruling, we will not interrupt, as perhaps the students will see that we have broken off our meal and will establish the halakha for generations in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda. The Sages later said: They did not move from there until they established the halakha in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, that one need not interrupt one’s meal on the eve of Shabbat and Festivals.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין הֲלָכָה לֹא כְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְלֹא כְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֶלָּא פּוֹרֵס מַפָּה וּמְקַדֵּשׁ. אִינִי?! וְהָא אָמַר רַב תַּחְלִיפָא בַּר אַבְדִּימִי אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: כְּשֵׁם שֶׁמַּפְסִיקִין לְקִידּוּשׁ

Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who said that one must interrupt one’s meal by removing the table entirely, nor is it in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who ruled that one need not interrupt one’s meal at all. Rather, one must spread a cloth over one’s table and recite kiddush, after which he may continue his meal. The Gemara asks: Is that so? But didn’t Rav Taḥalifa bar Avdimi say that Shmuel said: Just as one interrupts for kiddush,

כָּךְ מַפְסִיקִין לַהַבְדָּלָה. מַאי מַפְסִיקִין — לָאו לַעֲקִירַת שׁוּלְחַן? לָא, לְמַפָּה.

so one interrupts for havdala? People eating a meal on Shabbat until after nightfall must interrupt their meal to recite havdala. The Gemara inquires: What is the meaning of the phrase: One interrupts? Is it not referring to removing the table? The Gemara answers: No, it is referring to spreading a cloth, which is sufficient for havdala as well.

רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רֵישׁ גָּלוּתָא, אַיְיתוֹ תַּכָּא קַמֵּיהּ, פְּרַס מַפָּה וְקַידֵּשׁ. תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: (וְשָׁוִין) שֶׁאֵין מְבִיאִין אֶת הַשּׁוּלְחָן אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן קִידֵּשׁ, וְאִם הֵבִיא — פּוֹרֵס מַפָּה וּמְקַדֵּשׁ.

The Gemara relates: Rabba bar Rav Huna happened to come to the house of the Exilarch. His hosts were reclining for a meal, and the attendants brought a table before him so he could eat as well. Since Shabbat had already started, he spread a cloth over the food and recited kiddush. That was also taught in a baraita: And the Sages agree that one may bring the table only if he has already recited kiddush; and if one brought out the table before kiddush, he should spread a cloth over the food and recite kiddush.

תָּנֵי חֲדָא: שָׁוִין שֶׁאֵין מַתְחִילִין, וְתַנְיָא אִידַּךְ: שָׁוִין שֶׁמַּתְחִילִין. בִּשְׁלָמָא הָא דְּתַנְיָא שָׁוִין שֶׁאֵין מַתְחִילִין — מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לַהּ בְּעֶרֶב הַפֶּסַח,

It was taught in one baraita: Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei, who disagree over whether it is permitted to eat from minḥa time on Shabbat eve and whether one must interrupt his meal, agree that one may not begin a meal from this time. And it was taught in the other baraita that they agree that one may begin a meal. The Gemara explains: Granted, that which was taught in the first baraita, that Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei agree that one may not begin a meal, you will find that this is correct with regard to the eve of Passover, as even Rabbi Yosei concedes that one may not start a meal on Passover eve ab initio.

אֶלָּא הָא דְּתַנְיָא שָׁוִין שֶׁמַּתְחִילִין — אֵימַת? אִי נֵימָא בְּעֶרֶב שַׁבָּת — הָא מִיפְלָג פְּלִיגִי! לָא קַשְׁיָא: כָּאן — קוֹדֶם תִּשְׁעָה, כָּאן — לְאַחַר תִּשְׁעָה.

However, with regard to the other baraita, which taught that Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei agree that one may begin, when does this halakha apply? If we say it is referring to the eve of Shabbat, this cannot be the case, as it was taught that Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei indeed disagree over whether one may start a meal at that time. The Gemara answers: It is not difficult: Here, the baraita in which Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei agree that it is permitted to start a new meal, is referring to before nine hours of the day have passed, as everyone agrees that it is permitted to commence a meal at this time. Conversely, there, the baraita in which they disagree over whether it is permitted to start a new meal, is referring to later in the day, after nine hours.

אוֹתָם בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁקִּידְּשׁוּ בְּבֵית הַכְּנֶסֶת, אָמַר רַב: יְדֵי יַיִן לֹא יָצְאוּ, יְדֵי קִידּוּשׁ יָצְאוּ. וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר:

The Gemara continues to discuss the halakhot of kiddush: With regard to those people who recited kiddush in the synagogue, as was customarily done at the conclusion of the prayer service on Shabbat night, Rav said: They have not fulfilled their obligation to recite a blessing over wine. That is, the blessing over the wine in the synagogue does not enable them to drink wine at home without an additional blessing. However, they have fulfilled their obligation of reciting kiddush. And Shmuel said: