בבא בתרא נח

בבא בתרא נח

לִמְדוּרָה, וּקְדֵרוֹת מַקִּיפוֹת אוֹתָהּ.

to a bonfire, where the fire is in the center and pots surround it. Similarly, the table of an ignoramus is arranged with the food in the center and is surrounded by plates.

מִטָּה שֶׁל תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים – כֵּיצַד? כֹּל שֶׁאֵין תַּחְתֶּיהָ אֶלָּא סַנְדָּלִין בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה, וּמִנְעָלִין בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים. וְשֶׁל עַם הָאָרֶץ – דּוֹמָה לְאוֹצָר בָּלוּס.

Rabbi Yoḥanan asked: How should the bed of Torah scholars be kept? He replied: It is acceptable as long as there is nothing except sandals beneath it during the summer, and shoes beneath it during the rainy season, i.e., winter. And the bed of an ignoramus is similar to a cluttered [balus] storehouse, as he keeps a wide array of items beneath it.

רַבִּי בְּנָאָה הֲוָה קָא מְצַיֵּין מְעָרָתָא. כִּי מְטָא לִמְעָרְתָּא דְאַבְרָהָם, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ לֶאֱלִיעֶזֶר עֶבֶד אַבְרָהָם דְּקָאֵי קַמֵּי בָּבָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאי קָא עָבֵיד אַבְרָהָם? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: גָּאנֵי בְּכַנְפַהּ דְּשָׂרָה, וְקָא מְעַיְּינָא לֵיהּ בְּרֵישֵׁיהּ.

§ Having mentioned Rabbi Bena’a, the Gemara relates an incident in which he was involved. Rabbi Bena’a was marking burial caves for the purpose of helping to prevent the contracting of ritual impurity. When he arrived at the cave of Abraham, i.e., the Cave of Machpelah, he encountered Eliezer, the servant of Abraham, who was standing before the entrance. Rabbi Bena’a said to him: What is Abraham doing at this moment? Eliezer said to him: He is lying in the arms of Sarah, and she is examining his head.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ, זִיל אֵימָא לֵיהּ: בְּנָאָה קָאֵי אַבָּבָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לֵיעוּל – מִידָּע יְדִיעַ דְּיֵצֶר בְּהַאי עָלְמָא לֵיכָּא. עָיֵיל, עַיֵּין וּנְפַק.

Rabbi Bena’a said to him: Go tell him that Bena’a is standing at the entrance, so that he should assume an appropriate position to receive a visitor. Eliezer said to him: Let him, i.e., Rabbi Bena’a, enter, since it is known that there is no evil inclination in this higher world, so it is not inappropriate for Rabbi Bena’a to see Abraham and Sarah in this position. He entered, examined the cave in order to measure it, and exited.

כִּי מְטָא לִמְעָרְתָּא דְּאָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן, יָצְתָה בַּת קוֹל וְאָמְרָה: ״נִסְתַּכַּלְתָּ בִּדְמוּת דְּיוֹקְנִי, בִּדְיוֹקְנִי עַצְמָהּ אַל תִּסְתַּכֵּל״. ״הָא בָּעֵינָא לְצַיּוֹנֵי מְעָרְתָּא!״ ״כְּמִדַּת הַחִיצוֹנָה כָּךְ מִדַּת הַפְּנִימִית. וּלְמַאן דְּאָמַר שְׁנֵי בָתִּים זוֹ לְמַעְלָה מִזּוֹ – כְּמִדַּת עֶלְיוֹנָה כָּךְ מִדַּת הַתַּחְתּוֹנָה״.

When he arrived at the cave of Adam the first man, who is buried in the same area, a Divine Voice emerged and said: You gazed upon the likeness of My image, i.e., Abraham, who is similar to the image of Adam the first man. Do not gaze upon My image itself, i.e., Adam the first man, about whom the verse states that he was formed in the image of God (see Genesis 1:27). Rabbi Bena’a said: But I need to mark the cave. The voice said to him: As the measurements of the dimensions of the outer cave where Abraham is buried, so are the measurements of the dimensions of the inner cave, where Adam is buried. The Gemara notes: And according to the one who says that the Cave of Machpelah consists of two chambers, this one above that one, not two adjacent chambers, the voice said: As the measurements of the dimensions of the upper cave where Abraham is buried, so are the measurements of the dimensions of the lower cave. Therefore, there is no need to measure it.

אָמַר רַבִּי בְּנָאָה: נִסְתַּכַּלְתִּי בִּשְׁנֵי עֲקֵיבָיו, וְדוֹמִים לִשְׁנֵי גַּלְגַּלֵּי חַמָּה. הַכֹּל בִּפְנֵי שָׂרָה – כְּקוֹף בִּפְנֵי אָדָם. שָׂרָה בִּפְנֵי חַוָּה – כְּקוֹף בִּפְנֵי אָדָם. חַוָּה בִּפְנֵי אָדָם – כְּקוֹף בִּפְנֵי אָדָם. אָדָם בִּפְנֵי שְׁכִינָה – כְּקוֹף בִּפְנֵי אָדָם.

Rabbi Bena’a says: I gazed at his, Adam’s, two heels, and they shone so brightly that they are similar to two suns. Along these lines, the Gemara states that all people compared to Sarah are like a monkey compared to a human, as Sarah was exceedingly beautiful; Sarah compared to Eve is like a monkey compared to a human; Eve compared to Adam is like a monkey compared to a human; and Adam compared to the Divine Presence is like a monkey compared to a human.

שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּרַב כָּהֲנָא מֵעֵין שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּרַב, שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּרַב מֵעֵין שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אֲבָהוּ מֵעֵין שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּיַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ, שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּיַעֲקֹב אָבִינוּ מֵעֵין שׁוּפְרֵיהּ דְּאָדָם הָרִאשׁוֹן.

It was also stated that the beauty of Rav Kahana is a semblance of the beauty of Rav. The beauty of Rav is a semblance of the beauty of Rabbi Abbahu. The beauty of Rabbi Abbahu is a semblance of the beauty of Jacob our forefather. The beauty of Jacob our forefather is a semblance of the beauty of Adam the first man.

הָהוּא אַמְגּוּשָׁא דַּהֲוָה חָטֵיט שָׁכְבֵי. כִּי מְטָא אַמְּעָרְתָּא דְּרַב טוֹבִי בַּר מַתְנָה, תַּפְשֵׂיהּ בְּדִיקְנֵיהּ. אֲתָא אַבָּיֵי, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּמָטוּתָא מִינָּךְ, שִׁבְקֵיהּ. לְשָׁנָה אַחֲרִיתִי הֲדַר אֲתָא, תַּפְשֵׂיהּ בְּדִיקְנֵיהּ. אֲתָא אַבָּיֵי, לָא שִׁבְקֵיהּ עַד דְּאַיְיתִי מַסְפְּרָא וְגַזְּיֵהּ לְדִיקְנֵיהּ.

On the topic of burial caves, the Gemara relates that there was a certain magus [amgusha] who was rummaging through the graves of the dead. When he arrived at the burial cave of Rav Tovi bar Mattana, Rav Tovi grabbed him by his beard and would not release him. Abaye came and said to Rav Tovi: I beg of you to release him. The magus came again in another year, and Rav Tovi grabbed him by his beard. Abaye came and requested that he release him, but Rav Tovi did not release him, until Abaye brought a scissors and cut his beard.

הָהוּא דַּאֲמַר לְהוּ: חָבִיתָא דְעַפְרָא לְחַד בְּרַאי, חָבִיתָא דְגַרְמֵי לְחַד בְּרַאי, חָבִיתָא דְאוּדְרָא לְחַד בְּרַאי. לָא הֲווֹ יָדְעִי מַאי קָאָמַר לְהוּ. אֲתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי בְּנָאָה, אֲמַר לְהוּ: ״אִית לְכוּ אַרְעָא?״ אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: ״אִין״. ״אִית לְכוּ חֵיוָתָא?״ ״אִין״. ״אִית לְכוּ בִּסְתַּרְקֵי?״ ״אִין״. ״אִי הָכִי, הָכִי קָאָמַר לְכוּ״.

§ The Gemara relates additional incidents involving Rabbi Bena’a: There was a certain individual who said to his family before he died: A barrel of earth to one of my sons, a barrel of bones to one of my sons, and a barrel of wads of wool to one of my sons. They did not know what he was saying to them. They came before Rabbi Bena’a for guidance. Rabbi Bena’a said to them: Do you have land that your father left as an inheritance? They said to him: Yes. He asked: Do you have livestock that your father left as an inheritance? They said: Yes. He asked: Do you have quilts [bistarkei] that your father left as an inheritance? They said: Yes. He said to them: If so, this is what he said to you, i.e., he meant that he is bequeathing land to one son, livestock to the second, and quilts to the third.

הָהוּא גַּבְרָא דְּשַׁמְעַהּ לִדְבֵיתְהוּ דְּקָא אָמְרָה לְבַרְתַּהּ: ״אַמַּאי לָא צְנִּיעַתְּ בְּאִיסּוּרָא? הָךְ אִיתְּתָא, עֲשָׂרָה בְּנֵי אִית לַהּ, וְלֵית לִי מֵאֲבוּךְ אֶלָּא חַד״. כִּי שָׁכֵיב, אֲמַר לְהוּ: ״כׇּל נִכְסַי לְחַד בְּרָא״.

There was a certain man who heard his wife saying to her daughter: Why do you not act clandestinely when you engage in forbidden sexual intercourse? That woman has, i.e., I have, ten sons, and I have only one from your father, and no one knows. So too, you must be careful so that no one will discover your illicit behavior. Having overheard that only one son was his, when that man was dying he said to his family: All of my property is left to one son.

לָא יָדְעִי לְהֵי מִינַּיְיהוּ. אֲתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי בְּנָאָה, אֲמַר לְהוּ: זִילוּ חֲבוּטוּ קִבְרָא דַּאֲבוּכוֹן, עַד דְּקָאֵי וּמְגַלֵּי לְכוּ לְהֵי מִינַּיְיכוּ שְׁבַקא. אֲזַלוּ כּוּלְּהוּ, הָהוּא דִּבְרֵיהּ הֲוָה לָא אֲזַל. אֲמַר לְהוּ: כּוּלְּהוּ נִכְסֵי דְּהַאי. אֲזַלוּ אֲכַלוּ קוּרָצָא בֵּי מַלְכָּא, אָמְרִי: אִיכָּא גַּבְרָא חַד בִּיהוּדָאֵי, דְּקָא מַפֵּיק מָמוֹנָא מֵאִנָשֵׁי בְּלָא סָהֲדִי וּבְלָא מִידֵּי. אַתְיוּהוּ חַבְשׁוּהוּ.

They did not know to which of them he intended to leave his property. They came before Rabbi Bena’a for guidance, and he said to the sons: Go strike your father’s grave, until he rises and reveals to you to which of you he left his property. They all went, but that one who was his son did not go. Rabbi Bena’a said to them: All of the property belongs to this son who did not go. The other brothers were angry. They went and slandered [akhlu kuretza] Rabbi Bena’a in the king’s house. They said: There is one man among the Jews who removes money from people without witnesses and without any evidence. The king’s guards brought Rabbi Bena’a and imprisoned him.

אֲזַלָא דְּבֵיתְהוּ, אֲמַרָה לְהוּ: עַבְדָּא חַד הֲוָה לִי, פְּסַקוּ לְרֵישֵׁיהּ וּפְשַׁטוּ לְמַשְׁכֵּיהּ וַאֲכַלוּ בִּישְׂרֵיהּ, וְקָא מָלוּ בֵּיהּ מַיָּא וּמַשְׁקוּ בֵּיהּ לְחַבְרַיָּיא, וְלָא קָא יָהֲבִי לִי דְּמֵי וְלָא אַגְרֵיהּ.

The wife of Rabbi Bena’a went and said to the guards: I had one servant. They cut off his head, and skinned him and ate his flesh, and they fill him with water and give their friends to drink from him, and they have not paid me his value nor have they rented him.

לָא יָדְעִי מַאי קָא אָמְרָה לְהוּ. אָמְרִי: נַיְתוֹ לְחַכִּימָא דִיהוּדָאֵי, וְלֵימָא. קַרְיוּהוּ לְרַבִּי בְּנָאָה, אֲמַר לְהוּ: זַרְנוּקָא אָמְרָה לְכוּ. אָמְרִי: הוֹאִיל וְחַכִּים כּוּלֵּי הַאי, לִיתֵּיב אַבָּבָא וְנֵידוּן דִּינָא.

They did not know what she was saying to them. They said: Let us bring the wise man of the Jews, and let him say what she meant. They called Rabbi Bena’a, and he said to them: She spoke to you of a water skin [zarnuka]. In other words, she was referring to a goat she owned that was slaughtered, its meat eaten, and its skin made into a water skin that could be filled with drinking water. They said: Since he is so wise, let him sit at the gate where the judges congregate and render judgment.

חֲזָא דַּהֲוָה כְּתִיב בַּאֲבוּלָּא: ״כֹּל דַּיָּין דְּמִתְקְרֵי לְדִין – לָא שְׁמֵיהּ דַּיָּין״. אֲמַר לְהוּ: אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, אֲתָא אִינִישׁ מֵעָלְמָא

Rabbi Bena’a saw that it was written upon the gate [be’abbula]: Any judge who is summoned to judgment is not considered a judge, as judges must be above reproach. He said to them: If that is so, then if a person comes from elsewhere

וּמַזְמֵין (לְהוּ) [לֵיהּ] לְדִינָא, פַּסְלֵיהּ?! אֶלָּא כֹּל דַּיָּין דְּמִתְקְרֵי לְדִין, וּמַפְּקִין מִינֵּיהּ מָמוֹנָא בְּדִין – לָאו שְׁמֵיהּ דַּיָּין. כְּתַבוּ הָכִי: ״בְּרַם סָאבֵי דִיהוּדָאֵי אָמְרִי: כֹּל דַּיָּין דְּמִתְקְרֵי לְדִין וּמַפְּקִין מִינֵּיהּ מָמוֹנָא בְּדִין – לָאו שְׁמֵיהּ דַּיָּין״.

and summons a judge to judgment, has he disqualified the judge even if he were later to be exonerated? Rather, it should say: Any judge who is summoned to judgment and money is lawfully taken from him, i.e., he was ordered to return someone’s property, is not considered a judge. When they heard this, they wrote this addendum to the original inscription: But the elders of the Jews say that any judge who is summoned to judgment and money is lawfully taken from him is not considered a judge.

חֲזָא דִּכְתִיב: ״בְּרֵאשׁ כֹּל מוֹתָא – אֲנָא דָּם, בְּרֵאשׁ כֹּל חַיִּין – אֲנָא חֲמַר״. אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, דְּנָפֵיל מֵאִיגָּרָא וּמִית, וּדְנָפֵיל מִדִּיקְלָא וּמִית, דְּמָא קַטְלֵיהּ?! וְתוּ, מַן דְּדַרְכֵּיהּ לְמֵימַת – מַשְׁקוּ לֵיהּ חַמְרָא, וְחָיֵי?! אֶלָּא הָכִי בָּעֵי לְמִכְתַּב: בְּרֵאשׁ כֹּל מַרְעִין – אֲנָא דָּם, בְּרֵאשׁ כֹּל אָסְווֹן – אֲנָא חֲמַר. כְּתַבוּ הָכִי: ״בְּרַם סָאבֵי דִיהוּדָאֵי אָמְרִי: בְּרֵאשׁ כֹּל מַרְעִין – אֲנָא דָּם, בְּרֵאשׁ כֹּל אָסְווֹן – אֲנָא חֲמַר, בַּאֲתַר דְּלֵית חֲמַר – תַּמָּן מִתְבָּעוּ סַמָּנִין״.

Rabbi Bena’a also saw that it was written there: At the head of all death am I, blood, i.e., people die from an excess of blood; at the head of all life am I, wine, i.e., wine is what gives life. He said to them: If that is so, in the case of someone who falls from a roof and dies, or someone who falls from a palm tree and dies, was it blood that killed him? And furthermore, concerning someone who is on the way to death, can they give him a drink of wine and he will live? Rather, this is what should be written: At the head of all illness am I, blood; at the head of all healing am I, wine. When they heard this, they wrote this addendum to the original inscription: But the elders of the Jews say: At the head of all illness am I, blood; at the head of all healing am I, wine. In a place where there is no wine, herbs are required there as medicines.

כְּתִיב אַפִּיתְחָא דְקַפּוֹטְקְיָא: ״אַנְפַּק, אַנְבַּג, אַנְטַל״. וְאֵיזֶהוּ אַנְטַל? זֶהוּ רְבִיעִית שֶׁל תּוֹרָה.

Having related that incident, the Gemara notes that at the entrance of Kapotekiyya it was written: Anpak, anbag, antal, which are all names for the same measurement. And what is antal? It is the quarter–log of the Torah.

מַתְנִי׳ הַמַּרְזֵב אֵין לוֹ חֲזָקָה, וְיֵשׁ לִמְקוֹמוֹ חֲזָקָה. הַמַּזְחֵילָה יֵשׁ לָהּ חֲזָקָה.

MISHNA: With regard to a spout protruding from one’s roof gutter draining water into another’s property, its owner has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its use, but he does have the means to establish an acquired privilege with regard to its place, as the Gemara will explain. With regard to a gutter pipe that traverses the length of the roof, one does have the means to establish an acquired privilege for its use.

סוּלָּם הַמִּצְרִי אֵין לוֹ חֲזָקָה, וְלַצּוֹרִי יֵשׁ לוֹ חֲזָקָה.

With regard to an Egyptian ladder, which is small and portable, one has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its use. But with regard to a Tyrian ladder, which is large and fixed in place, one does have the means to establish an acquired privilege for its use.

חַלּוֹן הַמִּצְרִית אֵין לָהּ חֲזָקָה, וְלַצּוֹרִית יֵשׁ לָהּ חֲזָקָה. אֵיזוֹ הִיא חַלּוֹן הַמִּצְרִית? כֹּל שֶׁאֵין רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם יָכוֹל לִיכָּנֵס לְתוֹכָהּ. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: אִם יֵשׁ לָהּ מַלְבֵּן – אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין רֹאשׁוֹ שֶׁל אָדָם יָכוֹל לִיכָּנֵס לְתוֹכָהּ, הֲרֵי זוֹ חֲזָקָה.

With regard to an Egyptian window, one has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its use; but with regard to a Tyrian window, one does have the means to establish an acquired privilege for its use. What is the defining feature of an Egyptian window? It is any window that is so small that a person’s head is not able to fit inside it. Rabbi Yehuda says: If a window has a frame, even though a person’s head is not able to fit inside it, one does have the means to establish an acquired privilege for its use.

גְּמָ׳ מַאי ״הַמַּרְזֵב אֵין לוֹ חֲזָקָה, וְיֵשׁ לִמְקוֹמוֹ חֲזָקָה״? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל, הָכִי קָאָמַר: הַמַּרְזֵב אֵין לוֹ חֲזָקָה – מֵרוּחַ אַחַת, וְיֵשׁ לִמְקוֹמוֹ חֲזָקָה – מִשְׁתֵּי רוּחוֹת.

GEMARA: The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the mishna’s statement: With regard to a spout, its owner has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its use, but he does have the means to establish an acquired privilege with regard to its place? Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: This is what it is saying: Concerning a spout, its owner has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its use with regard to one side, i.e., the owner of the field below has the right to move the spout from one place to another on one side of the roof, but he does have the means to establish an acquired privilege concerning its place with regard to two sides, i.e., the owner of the field below does not have the right to move it to another side of the roof.

רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: הַמַּרְזֵב אֵין לוֹ חֲזָקָה – שֶׁאִם הָיָה אָרוֹךְ מְקַצְּרוֹ, וְיֵשׁ לִמְקוֹמוֹ חֲזָקָה – שֶׁאִם בָּא לְעוֹקְרוֹ, אֵינוֹ עוֹקְרוֹ.

Rabbi Ḥanina said there is a different explanation: With regard to a spout, its owner has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its size, as if it was long, the owner of the field below may shorten it, but one does have the means to establish an acquired privilege with regard to its place, as if the owner of the field below comes to remove it entirely, he may not remove it.

רַב יִרְמְיָה בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר: הַמַּרְזֵב אֵין לוֹ חֲזָקָה – שֶׁאִם רוֹצֶה לִבְנוֹת תַּחְתָּיו בּוֹנֶה, וְיֵשׁ לִמְקוֹמוֹ חֲזָקָה – שֶׁאִם בָּא לְעוֹקְרוֹ אֵינוֹ עוֹקְרוֹ.

Rav Yirmeya bar Abba said there is a different explanation: With regard to a spout, its owner has no means to establish an acquired privilege for its use, as if the owner of the field below wishes to build beneath it, he may build, and the owner of the spout may not prevent him from doing so; but one does have the means to establish an acquired privilege with regard to its place, as if the owner of the field below comes to remove it entirely, he may not remove it.