נזיר טז

נזיר טז

וַאֲמַר לֵיהּ: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי קָאֵי כְּוָתָיךְ, דְּאָמַר מִכָּאן וּלְהַבָּא מְטַמֵּא. וְהָא רַבִּי יוֹסֵי לְמַפְרֵעַ הוּא דְּאָמַר! מַאי לְמַפְרֵעַ — מִדְּרַבָּנַן.

And Rabbi Oshaya said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: Rabbi Yosei holds in accordance with your opinion, as he too says that in this case one becomes impure from now and onward, and any impurity after the start of the seventh day does not cause him to forfeit the previous clean days. The Gemara analyzes Rabbi Oshaya’s statement: But didn’t Rabbi Yosei say that the impurity is retroactive, as stated above? Rather, Rabbi Oshaya must certainly hold as follows: What is the meaning of Rabbi Yosei’s ruling that he is impure retroactively? It means that he is rendered impure only by rabbinic law, but not by Torah law.

וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי, מִכְּדִי סָבַר מִקְצָת הַיּוֹם כְּכוּלּוֹ, זָבָה גְּמוּרָה דְּמַיְיתָא קׇרְבָּן הֵיכִי מַשְׁכַּחַתְּ לָהּ? כֵּיוָן דְּחָזְיָא בְּפַלְגֵיהּ דְּיוֹמָא, אִידַּךְ פַּלְגֵיהּ דְּיוֹמָא סָלֵיק לַהּ לְשִׁימּוּר! אִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא דְּקָא שָׁפְעָה תְּלָתָא תְּלָתָא יוֹמֵי בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי. וְאִיבָּעֵית אֵימָא: דְּחָזְיָא תְּלָתָא יוֹמֵי סָמוּךְ לִשְׁקִיעַת הַחַמָּה, דְּלָא הֲוַאי שְׁהוּת דְּסָלֵיק לֵיהּ לְמִנְיָינָא.

The Gemara poses a question with regard to Rabbi Yosei’s statement: And as to Rabbi Yosei, now, he holds that the status of part of the day is like that of an entire day. How can you find a full-fledged zava who brings an offering? Since she sees a discharge at the midpoint of the day, the other half of the day counts for her as a full day of observing, as part of the day is considered to be like all of a day. The Gemara answers: If you wish, say that she continuously discharges blood for three days consecutively. And if you wish, say that she saw a discharge on three consecutive days close to sunset. In that case she is impure on each occasion at the end of one day and the beginning of the next, so that there was not any time to become pure on the following day so as to be included for her counting of a clean day corresponding to an impure one.

הַדְרָן עֲלָךְ הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר

מִי שֶׁאָמַר ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר״ — מְגַלֵּחַ יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד, וְאִם גִּילַּח לְיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — יָצָא. ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם״ — אִם גִּילַּח לְיוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים לֹא יָצָא.

MISHNA: One who said: I am hereby a nazirite, without specifying how long his term of naziriteship would last, shaves his hair on the thirty-first day after the start of his naziriteship, as an unspecified term of naziriteship lasts thirty days. And if he shaved on the thirtieth day, he has fulfilled his obligation. If he explicitly said: I am hereby a nazirite for thirty days, then, if he shaved on the thirtieth day, he has not fulfilled his obligation. Since the naziriteship would have been for thirty days even without him stating: For thirty days, this addition is understood to indicate that he will observe naziriteship for a full thirty days.

מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירוֹת — מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד, וְאֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים וְאֶחָד. וְאִם גִּילַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים, וְאִם גִּילַּח יוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר אֶחָד — יָצָא.

One who accepted two terms of naziriteship shaves at the close of the first naziriteship on the thirty-first day, and at the close of the second term on the sixty-first day. Since his second term of naziriteship begins after shaving on the thirty-first day, the sixty-first day of the first term is the thirty-first day of his second term. And if he shaved for the first term on the thirtieth day, he shaves for the second term on the sixtieth day, which is the thirty-first day after the start of his second term of naziriteship. And if he shaved for the second term on day sixty less one, he has fulfilled his obligation, as this is the thirtieth day of his second term.

וְזוֹ עֵדוּת הֵעִיד רַבִּי פַּפְּיָיס, עַל מִי שֶׁנָּזַר שְׁתֵּי נְזִירוֹת, שֶׁאִם גִּילַּח אֶת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — מְגַלֵּחַ אֶת הַשְּׁנִיָּה לְיוֹם שִׁשִּׁים, וְאִם גִּילַּח לְיוֹם שִׁשִּׁים חָסֵר אֶחָד — יָצָא, שֶׁיּוֹם שֶׁל שְׁלֹשִׁים עוֹלֶה לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן.

And this testimony was attested to by Rabbi Pappeyas, who heard from his teachers with regard to one who vowed to observe two terms of naziriteship, that if he shaved for the first term on the thirtieth day, he shaves for the second term on the sixtieth day. And if he shaved for the second term on the day sixty less one, he has fulfilled his obligation, because the thirtieth day of the first term of naziriteship counts as part of his tally of the second term.

מִי שֶׁאָמַר ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר״, נִטְמָא יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שִׁבְעָה. ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם״, נִטְמָא יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל. ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵאָה יוֹם״, נִטְמָא יוֹם מֵאָה — סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שְׁלֹשִׁים. נִטְמָא יוֹם מֵאָה וְאֶחָד — סוֹתֵר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שִׁבְעָה.

One who said: I am hereby a nazirite, without further specification, if he became ritually impure through contact with a corpse on the thirtieth day of his term of naziriteship, it negates the entire tally, and he must start his naziriteship afresh. Rabbi Eliezer says: It negates only seven days, which he must observe until his purification, after which he brings his offerings. If he said: I am hereby a nazirite for thirty days, and he became impure on the thirtieth day, everyone agrees that it negates the entire tally. If he said: I am hereby a nazirite for one hundred days, if he became impure on the one hundredth day, it negates the entire tally. Rabbi Eliezer says: It negates only thirty days, and he observes the final thirty days again. If he became impure on the one hundred and first day before bringing his offerings, it negates only thirty days, but does not negate all of the observed days. Rabbi Eliezer says: It negates only seven days.

גְּמָ׳ מִי שֶׁאָמַר ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר״ וְנִטְמָא יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שִׁבְעָה.

GEMARA: The mishna taught: One who said: I am hereby a nazirite, and became ritually impure on the thirtieth day, it negates the entire tally; Rabbi Eliezer says: It negates only seven.

קָסָבַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר: כׇּל אַחַר מְלֹאת שִׁבְעָה — סוֹתֵר. ״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם״, וְנִטְמָא יוֹם שְׁלֹשִׁים — סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל, לָא פְּלִיג רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר דְּאָמַר שְׁלֵימִין.

The Gemara explains: Rabbi Eliezer holds that when anyone becomes ritually impure after the completion of his term of naziriteship, but before he brought his offerings, only seven days are negated, and the thirtieth day is after the completion of his term. The mishna then teaches that one who said: I am hereby a nazirite for thirty days, and became impure on the thirtieth day, it negates the entire tally. Rabbi Eliezer does not disagree in this case, since it is an instance where he explicitly said that he accepts naziriteship on himself for a full thirty days, and his ritual impurity therefore occurs during his naziriteship period.

״הֲרֵינִי נָזִיר מֵאָה יוֹם״, וְנִטְמָא יוֹם מֵאָה — סוֹתֵר אֶת הַכֹּל, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ סוֹתֵר אֶלָּא שְׁלֹשִׁים. וְכוּלָּהּ כְּדַהֲוֵינַן בָּהּ אַלִּיבָּא דְּבַר פַּדָּא וְרַב מַתְנָא.

The mishna also taught that if one said: I am hereby a nazirite for one hundred days, and he became impure on the one hundredth day, it negates the entire tally. Rabbi Eliezer says it negates only thirty. And this entire mishna should be explained as we discussed it, in accordance with the opinions of bar Padda and Rav Mattana earlier (5a–6b).

מַתְנִי׳ מִי שֶׁנָּזַר וְהוּא בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת, אֲפִילּוּ הָיָה שָׁם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם — אֵין עוֹלִין לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן, וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קׇרְבַּן טוּמְאָה. יָצָא וְנִכְנַס — עוֹלִין לוֹ מִן הַמִּנְיָן, וּמֵבִיא קׇרְבַּן טוּמְאָה.

MISHNA: One who took a vow of naziriteship while in a cemetery, even if he was there for a full thirty days without leaving, those days he spent in the cemetery do not count as part of his tally, since his naziriteship has not yet gone into effect. And he therefore does not bring the three offerings of impurity, brought by a nazirite when rendered ritually impure by contact with a corpse, despite having been in a cemetery. If he left the cemetery and entered it again, those days do count as part of his tally, meaning the naziriteship takes effect, and he does bring the offerings of impurity for reentering the cemetery.

רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: לֹא בּוֹ בַיּוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְהַיָּמִים הָרִאשׁוֹנִים יִפְּלוּ״, עַד שֶׁיְּהוּ לוֹ יָמִים רִאשׁוֹנִים.

Rabbi Eliezer says: This halakha does not apply to one who entered the cemetery on the very day that he left it, as it is stated with regard to the halakhot of a ritually impure nazirite: “But the first days shall be void” (Numbers 6:12), which indicates that he does not bring the offerings until he will have “first days” of purity, during which he observed his naziriteship.

גְּמָ׳ אִיתְּמַר, מִי שֶׁנָּזַר וְהוּא בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת, רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: נְזִירוּת חָלָה עָלָיו, וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר: אֵין נְזִירוּת חָלָה עָלָיו. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר נְזִירוּת חָלָה עָלָיו, סָבַר: מִיתְּלָא תַּלְיָא וְקָיְימָא, כֵּיוָן דְּמַשְׁכְּחָא טׇהֳרָה, חָיְילָא. וְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ אָמַר: אֵין נְזִירוּת חָלָה עָלָיו. אִי הָדַר וְאָמַר — חָיְילָא עֲלֵיהּ, וְאִי לָא — לָא.

GEMARA: It was stated that the amora’im disagree with regard to one who vowed to be a nazirite while in a cemetery. Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Naziriteship takes effect for him, and Reish Lakish said: Naziriteship does not take effect for him. The Gemara clarifies their respective opinions: Rabbi Yoḥanan, who said naziriteship takes effect for him, holds that from the moment he accepts naziriteship upon himself it is pending, so that when it is found that he is in a state of ritual purity it takes immediate effect. The vow registers from when he states it, but it cannot take effect in practice as long as he stands in a ritually impure location. And Reish Lakish said that naziriteship does not take effect for him at all. Consequently, if he again said after leaving the cemetery that he accepts a vow of naziriteship, it takes effect for him; but if he does not repeat his vow, he is not a nazirite.

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן לְרֵישׁ לָקִישׁ: מִי שֶׁנָּזַר וְהוּא בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת, אֲפִילּוּ הָיָה שָׁם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם — אֵין עוֹלִין מִן הַמִּנְיָן, וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא קׇרְבַּן טוּמְאָה. קׇרְבַּן טוּמְאָה הוּא דְּלָא מַיְיתֵי, הָא מֵיחָל — חָיְילָא עֲלֵיהּ! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אֵינוֹ בְּתוֹרַת טוּמְאָה, וְאֵינוֹ בְּתוֹרַת קׇרְבָּן.

Rabbi Yoḥanan raised an objection to the opinion of Reish Lakish from the mishna: One who took a vow of naziriteship while in a cemetery, even if he was there for a full thirty days without leaving, those days he spent in the cemetery do not count as part of the tally, since his naziriteship has not yet gone into effect. And he therefore does not bring the offerings of impurity despite having been in a cemetery. Rabbi Yoḥanan infers from this: It is the offerings of impurity that he does not bring, but as far as the issue of the naziriteship taking effect, it does take effect for him. Reish Lakish said to him: It means he is not included in the law of prohibited ritual impurity, and therefore he is not included in the law of the offerings. He is not a nazirite at all.

אֵיתִיבֵיהּ: מִי שֶׁהָיָה טָמֵא וְנָזַר, אָסוּר לְגַלֵּחַ וְלִשְׁתּוֹת יַיִן וְלִיטָּמֵא לְמֵתִים. וְאִם גִּילַּח וְשָׁתָה יַיִן וְנִטְמָא לְמֵתִים — הֲרֵי זֶה סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים. אִי אָמְרַתְּ בִּשְׁלָמָא חָיְילָא — הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּסוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים, אֶלָּא אִי אָמְרַתְּ לָא חָיְילָא, אַמַּאי סוֹפֵג אֶת הָאַרְבָּעִים?

Rabbi Yoḥanan raised an objection to the opinion of Reish Lakish from what was taught in a baraita (Tosefta 2:14): One who was impure and took a vow of naziriteship must still observe the halakhot of a nazirite: He is prohibited from shaving, and from drinking wine, and from becoming impure from a corpse. And if he shaved, or if he drank wine, or if he became impure from a corpse, he incurs [sofeg] the forty lashes administered to one who actively transgresses a negative Torah prohibition. Rabbi Yoḥanan asks: Granted, if you say that naziriteship takes effect despite his ritual impurity, that is the reason that he incurs the forty lashes, similar to any nazirite who transgresses the prohibitions of naziriteship. But if you say the naziriteship does not take effect while he is ritually impure, why does he incur the forty lashes?