נדרים ס

נדרים ס

הֶיתֵּר מַעֲלִין אֶת הָאִיסּוּר? וְהָתְנַן: גִּידּוּלֵי תְרוּמָה תְּרוּמָה! בְּגִידּוּלֵי גִידּוּלִין קָאָמְרִינַן. הָא נָמֵי תְּנֵינָא: גִּידּוּלֵי גִידּוּלִין חוּלִּין! הָא קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן: אֲפִילּוּ בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָּלֶה.

permitted neutralize the prohibition? But didn’t we learn in a mishna: The growths of teruma are teruma, indicating that they do not neutralize the prohibition of the original part of the plant? The Gemara answers: We are speaking of the growths of growths. Rabbi Yannai permits the teruma, not due to the majority of direct growths of teruma; he permitted it due to the majority of growths that sprouted from its growths. The Gemara asks: We already learned that too: The status of growths of growths of teruma is that of non-sacred produce. The Gemara answers: This teaches us that the growths of growths are permitted even in items whose seeds do not cease, e.g., onions.

וְהָתְנַן: הַטֶּבֶל — גִּידּוּלָיו מוּתָּרִין בְּדָבָר שֶׁזַּרְעוֹ כָּלֶה. אֲבָל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין זַרְעוֹ כָּלֶה — גִּידּוּלֵי גִידּוּלִין אֲסוּרִין! רִבּוּיָא דְּרַבּוּ גִידּוּלִין עַל עִיקָּרוֹ מוּתָּר קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

The Gemara asks: But didn’t we learn in a mishna: With regard to untithed produce, its growths are permitted in items whose seeds cease; however, concerning items whose seeds do not cease, the growths of growths are forbidden. The Gemara answers: It teaches us that if the increase of the growths of growths exceeded its primary, original part, that original part is permitted.

הַדְרָן עֲלָךְ הַנּוֹדֵר מִן הַיָּרָק

״קוּנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם״ — אֵינוֹ אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ. ״שַׁבָּת זוֹ״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַשַּׁבָּת, וְשַׁבָּת שֶׁעָבְרָה. ״חֹדֶשׁ זֶה״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא.

MISHNA: If one vows: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until the conclusion of that day at nightfall, and not for a twenty-four hour period. If one vows not to drink wine this week, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the week. And as Shabbat is considered part of the week that passed, i.e., it is the end of the week, he is prohibited from drinking wine on the upcoming Shabbat. If one vows not to drink wine this month, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the month; and as the New Moon of the following month is considered part of the next month, he is permitted to drink wine on that day.

״שָׁנָה זוֹ״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַשָּׁנָה, וְרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה לֶעָתִיד לָבֹא. ״שָׁבוּעַ זֶה״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַשָּׁבוּעַ, וּשְׁבִיעִית שֶׁעָבְרָה.

If he vowed not to drink wine this year, he is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the year; and as Rosh HaShana is considered to be part of the upcoming year, not the current one, he is permitted to drink wine on that day. If he vowed not to drink wine during this seven-year Sabbatical cycle, wine is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the seven-year cycle; and as the Sabbatical Year is considered part of the cycle that passed, he is prohibited from drinking wine during the upcoming Sabbatical Year.

וְאִם אָמַר ״יוֹם אֶחָד״, ״שַׁבָּת אַחַת״, ״חֹדֶשׁ אֶחָד״, ״שָׁנָה אַחַת״, ״שָׁבוּעַ אֶחָד״ — אָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם.

All this applies if he said that he would not drink wine on this day or this week, but if he said that wine is forbidden to him for one day, or one week, or one month, or one year, or one seven-year cycle, he is prohibited from drinking wine from the day and time he took the vow to the same time the next day, or week, etc.

״עַד הַפֶּסַח״ — אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, ״עַד שֶׁיְּהֵא״ — אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא. ״עַד לִפְנֵי הַפֶּסַח״, רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר: אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: אָסוּר עַד שֶׁיֵּצֵא.

If he takes a vow that wine is forbidden to him until Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. If he said: Until it will be Passover, it is forbidden to him until Passover ends, as he may have intended for the vow to apply as long as it was still Passover (Rosh). If he said: Until before Passover, Rabbi Meir says: It is forbidden to him until Passover arrives. Rabbi Yosei says: It is forbidden to him until it ends.

גְּמָ׳ קוּנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם כּוּ׳. אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: לִכְשֶׁתֶּחֱשַׁךְ צָרִיךְ שְׁאֵלָה לְחָכָם.

GEMARA: We learned in the mishna that if one says: Wine is forbidden to me as if it were an offering [konam], and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until nightfall. Rabbi Yirmeya said: Even when darkness falls he is not permitted to drink wine immediately; rather, he is required to request that a halakhic authority dissolve his vow.

מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: גְּזֵירָה ״הַיּוֹם״ מִשּׁוּם ״יוֹם אֶחָד״.

The Gemara poses a question: What is the reason that he must request the dissolution of the vow once it has already expired? The Gemara answers that Rav Yosef said: The Sages issued a rabbinic decree in the case of one who said that his vow applies today, due to the confusion that might be caused in a case where one said that his vow applies for one day, and is therefore forbidden to drink wine for twenty-four hours. There is a concern that if one who said that his vow applies today is permitted to drink wine that night, one who took a vow for one day will think that his vow also expires as soon as it is nightfall.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי הָכִי, לִיגְזוֹר בְּ״יוֹם אֶחָד״ מִשּׁוּם ״הַיּוֹם״!

Abaye said to him: If so, the Sages should likewise decree in the case of one who takes a vow for one day that he must keep the vow until nightfall of the following day, due to the confusion that might be caused in a case where one said that his vow applies today. If the vow expires in the middle of the day, twenty-four hours after he took the vow, people might think that if one takes a vow in the morning and applies it to this day, it also expires in the middle of the day.

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״הַיּוֹם״ בְּ״יוֹם אֶחָד״ מִיחַלַּף, ״יוֹם אֶחָד״ בְּ״הַיּוֹם״ לָא מִיחַלַּף.

Rav Yosef said to him: A vow taken for this day might be interchanged with a vow taken for one day, and one might erroneously conclude that a vow taken for one day expires at nightfall. However, a vow taken for one day is not interchanged with a vow taken for today, and there is no concern that one who takes a vow for today will erroneously conclude that it expires in the middle of the day.

אָמַר רָבִינָא: אֲמַר לִי מָרִימָר, הָכִי אֲמַר אֲבוּךְ מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב [יוֹסֵף]: כְּמַאן אָזְלָא שְׁמַעְתֵּיהּ דְּרַב יִרְמְיָה בַּר אַבָּא — כְּרַבִּי נָתָן. דְּתַנְיָא, רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר: כֹּל הַנּוֹדֵר — כְּאִילּוּ בָּנָה בָּמָה, וְהַמְקַיְּימוֹ — כְּאִילּוּ מַקְטִיר עָלֶיהָ.

Ravina said: Mareimar said to me: Your father said as follows, in the name of Rav Yosef: In accordance with whose opinion is this halakha taught by Rav Yirmeya bar Abba? It is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Natan, as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Natan says: Anyone who vows, it is as if he has built a personal altar, which is forbidden because one must bring all offerings to the Temple. And one who fulfills the vow, is as though he burns portions meant for the altar in the Temple upon it, i.e., the personal altar, thereby increasing his sin. Consequently, even after he has fulfilled the vow, it is preferable for him to ask a halakhic authority to annul it entirely, so that it will be as if he never took a vow.

״שַׁבָּת זוֹ״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַשַּׁבָּת כּוּלָּהּ. פְּשִׁיטָא! מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: יוֹמֵי דְשַׁבְּתָא קָאָמַר, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

§ The mishna stated that one who says: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it this week, is prohibited from drinking wine for the entire remainder of the week, including Shabbat. The Gemara poses a question: Isn’t it obvious that this is the case? The Gemara answers: It is necessary, lest you say that he said the days of the week, i.e., he meant for his vow to apply only on the weekdays. The tanna therefore teaches us that the phrase this week includes Shabbat.

״חֹדֶשׁ זֶה״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַחֹדֶשׁ, וְרֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְהַבָּא. פְּשִׁיטָא! כִּי אִיצְטְרִיכָא לְחֹדֶשׁ חָסֵר,

The mishna stated: If one says: This month, it is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the month, and the New Moon is considered part of the next month. The Gemara asks: Isn’t this obvious? The Gemara answers: When it was necessary to teach this halakha it was for a New Moon preceding a deficient, twenty-nine-day month. In such a case the New Moon is celebrated for two days, the first of which is the thirtieth day of the previous month and the second of which is the first day of the new month. The case here is one where he took the vow on the first day of the New Moon.

מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ לְשֶׁעָבַר הָוֵי, וְלָא לִיתְּסַר, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן קָרוּ אִינָשֵׁי רֵישׁ יַרְחָא.

This is lest you say that the first day of the New Moon is part of the previous month, and therefore the vow should expire at the end of that day, and wine should not be forbidden to him during the upcoming month. The tanna therefore teaches us that since people call it the New Moon of the upcoming month, it is viewed as part of the upcoming month, and the vow applies to the new month.

״שָׁנָה זוֹ״ — אָסוּר בְּכׇל הַשָּׁנָה כּוּלָּהּ.

§ The mishna states that if one says: This year, it is forbidden to him for the entire remainder of the year, and that Rosh HaShana is considered part of the upcoming year.

אִיבַּעְיָא לְהוּ, אָמַר: ״קֻוֽנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם יוֹם״ — מַאי דִּינֵיהּ? כְּ״הַיּוֹם״, אוֹ כְּ״יוֹם אֶחָד״?

A dilemma was raised before the scholars: If one said: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it for a day, what is the halakha in his case? Is it considered as though he said today, and he is prohibited from consuming wine until nightfall, or is it considered as though he said one day, in which case the vow takes effect for a period of twenty-four hours?

תָּא שְׁמַע מִמַּתְנִיתִין: ״קֻוֽנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַיּוֹם״ — אֵין אָסוּר אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁתֶּחְשַׁךְ. הָא ״יוֹם״ כְּ״יוֹם אֶחָד״ דָּמֵי.

The Gemara suggests: Come and hear a proof from the mishna: If one says: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it today, he is prohibited from drinking wine only until the conclusion of that day, at nightfall. The Gemara infers that this halakha only applies if he said the word today; therefore, if he said the vow applies for a day, it is considered comparable to a case where he said one day, and the vow is in effect for twenty-four hours.

אֵימָא סֵיפָא, אָמַר: ״יוֹם אֶחָד״ — אָסוּר מִיּוֹם לְיוֹם. הָא ״יוֹם״ כְּ״הַיּוֹם״ דָּמֵי. אֶלָּא מֵהָא לֵיכָּא לְמִשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.

The Gemara rejects this proof: But say the latter clause of the mishna: If he said that wine is forbidden to him for one day, he is prohibited from drinking wine from the day he took the vow to the same time on the following day. This indicates that it is only if he said: One day, that the vow takes effect for twenty-four hours; but if he said it takes effect for a day, it is comparable to a case where he said today, and the vow takes effect only until nightfall. Rather, no inference is to be learned from this mishna.

אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי, תָּא שְׁמַע: ״קֻוֽנָּם יַיִן שֶׁאֲנִי טוֹעֵם הַשָּׁנָה״, נִתְעַבְּרָה הַשָּׁנָה — אָסוּר בָּהּ וּבְעִיבּוּרָהּ. הֵיכִי דָּמֵי?

Rav Ashi said: Come and hear a resolution to this question from the following mishna (63a): If one vowed: Wine is konam for me, and for that reason I will not taste it this year, then if the year was extended, i.e., declared to be a leap year, he is prohibited from drinking wine in it and its intercalated month. The Gemara inquires: What are the circumstances?