Masechet Chullin is sponsored by Judi Felber in honor of the Hadran Community. “During my first cycle of Daf Yomi, just as we began Masechet Chullin, my son was injured while serving in the IDF. Throughout those two and a half months of difficulty and uncertainty, my fellow learners never left my side. With profound gratitude to the community that held me, encouraged me, and ensured I could keep up with the Daf during those trying times.”
This week’s learning is sponsored by Ellen Cherrick in loving memory of her mother, Udy Katz Cherrick, z”l, on her 13th yahrzeit.
This week’s learning is sponsored by Robert and Paula Cohen in loving memory of Helen Cohen, Henna bat Yitzchak Nechemia, my grandmother. “She was a community leader and role model to all who knew her.”
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
Today’s daily daf tools:
Masechet Chullin is sponsored by Judi Felber in honor of the Hadran Community. “During my first cycle of Daf Yomi, just as we began Masechet Chullin, my son was injured while serving in the IDF. Throughout those two and a half months of difficulty and uncertainty, my fellow learners never left my side. With profound gratitude to the community that held me, encouraged me, and ensured I could keep up with the Daf during those trying times.”
This week’s learning is sponsored by Ellen Cherrick in loving memory of her mother, Udy Katz Cherrick, z”l, on her 13th yahrzeit.
This week’s learning is sponsored by Robert and Paula Cohen in loving memory of Helen Cohen, Henna bat Yitzchak Nechemia, my grandmother. “She was a community leader and role model to all who knew her.”
Today’s daf is sponsored by Meryll Page in loving memory of her father, George Levine, Yosef Michael HaLevi. “Dad cherished his family and learning and remains a constant presence in my life.”
Chullin 32
נִשְׁחֲטָה בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת עִמָּהּ, לְרַבִּי נָתָן – פָּרָה פְּסוּלָה בְּהֵמָה כְּשֵׁרָה, לְרַבָּנַן – פָּרָה כְּשֵׁרָה בְּהֵמָה פְּסוּלָה.
But if another animal was inadvertently slaughtered together with the red heifer in the same action, according to Rabbi Natan, who holds that the slaughter of non-sacred animals without intent is valid, the red heifer is disqualified, because an additional labor was performed with its slaughter, and the other animal is fit for consumption, as its slaughter was valid. According to the Rabbis, who hold that slaughter of non-sacred animals without intent is not considered slaughter, the red heifer is fit for use in the purification rite because no other labor was performed with its slaughter, and the other animal is unfit for consumption.
פְּשִׁיטָא! נִשְׁחֲטָה בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת לְרַבִּי נָתָן אִיצְטְרִיכָא לֵיהּ, סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: ״וְשָׁחַט אוֹתָהּ״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְלֹא אוֹתָהּ וַחֲבֶירְתָּהּ, וְהֵיכִי דָּמֵי – כְּגוֹן שֶׁשָּׁחַט שְׁתֵּי פָּרוֹת בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי, אֲבָל בְּהֵמָה דְּחוּלִּין אֵימָא לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.
The Gemara asks: That is obvious; why did Rava have to teach that? The Gemara answers: It was necessary for Rava to teach the halakha according to the opinion of Rabbi Natan in the case where another animal was inadvertently slaughtered in the same action with the red heifer. It may enter your mind to say: The Merciful One states with regard to the slaughter of the red heifer: “And you shall give it to Elazar the priest…and he shall slaughter it before him” (Numbers 19:3), from which it is inferred: One may slaughter it, but not it and another animal simultaneously. And what are the circumstances of that prohibition? It is a case where one slaughtered two red heifers at the same time. But in a case where one slaughtered a red heifer together with a non-sacred animal, say no, that it does not disqualify the red heifer. Therefore, Rava teaches us that even slaughter with a non-sacred animal disqualifies the red heifer.
חָתַךְ דַּלַּעַת עִמָּהּ – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל פְּסוּלָה, נֶחְתְּכָה דַּלַּעַת עִמָּהּ – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרָה.
Rava adds: If one slaughtered a red heifer and in the same action cut a gourd together with it, everyone agrees that the red heifer is disqualified. If one slaughtered a red heifer and a gourd was inadvertently cut together with it in the same action, everyone agrees that the red heifer is fit for use in the purification rite, as that is not labor that disqualifies a red heifer and it is also not excluded by the derivation from the verse “And he shall slaughter it.”
מַתְנִי׳ נָפְלָה סַכִּין וְהִגְבִּיהָהּ, נָפְלוּ כֵּלָיו וְהִגְבִּיהָן, הִשְׁחִיז אֶת הַסַּכִּין וְעָף, בָּא חֲבֵירוֹ וְשָׁחַט, אִם שָׁהָה כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטָה – פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אִם שָׁהָה כְּדֵי בִיקּוּר.
MISHNA: If, when one was in the middle of slaughtering an animal, the knife fell and he lifted it and then completed the slaughter, or if his garments fell and he lifted them and then completed the slaughter, or if he had honed the knife and grew weary before completing the slaughter and another came and slaughtered the animal, if he interrupted the slaughter in one of these ways or in a different way for an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter, the slaughter is not valid. Rabbi Shimon says: The slaughter is not valid if he interrupted the slaughter for an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination.
גְּמָ׳ מַאי כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטָה? אָמַר רַב: כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת.
GEMARA: The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter? Rav said: It means an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another animal, not the duration required to complete the act of slaughter that was interrupted.
אָמְרִי לֵיהּ רַב כָּהֲנָא וְרַב אַסִּי לְרַב: כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת בְּהֵמָה לִבְהֵמָה, וְעוֹף לְעוֹף, אוֹ דִלְמָא אַף בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף?
Rav Kahana and Rav Asi said to Rav: Is the interruption that invalidates the slaughter an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another animal for an animal, i.e., in a case where an animal was being slaughtered, and an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another bird for a bird? Or perhaps it is an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of an animal even for a bird, and if the interruption is any shorter it does not invalidate the slaughter?
אֲמַר לְהוּ: לָא הֲוָה בְּדִיחְנָא בֵּיהּ בְּחַבִּיבִי, דֶּאֱישַׁיְּילֵיהּ.
Rav said to them: When we studied this topic I did not feel sufficiently intimate with my beloved uncle, Rabbi Ḥiyya, such that I could ask him that question. Rav was able only to transmit that which he heard from Rabbi Ḥiyya, but was unable to resolve their dilemma.
אִתְּמַר: אָמַר רַב: כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת בְּהֵמָה לִבְהֵמָה, וְעוֹף לְעוֹף, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף, וְכֵן כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אֲפִילּוּ בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף.
It was stated that there is an amoraic dispute with regard to this matter. Rav said: An interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another animal for an animal, and an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another bird for a bird. And Shmuel said: An interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of an animal even for a bird. And likewise, when Ravin came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia he said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: An interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of an animal even for a bird.
רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא אָמַר: כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבִיא בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת וְיִשְׁחוֹט. יָבִיא אֲפִילּוּ מֵעָלְמָא? נָתַתָּ דְּבָרֶיךָ לְשִׁיעוּרִין!
Rabbi Ḥananya said: An interval equivalent to the period in which one can bring another animal and slaughter it. The Gemara asks: Does that mean the time in which one can bring an animal even from anywhere else, regardless of the distance? Occasionally, there is no animal available in close proximity. If so, you have rendered your statement subject to circumstances; it does not apply uniformly to all cases.
אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: עוֹמֶדֶת לְהַטִּיל אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ.
Rav Pappa said: The practical difference between the opinion of Rabbi Ḥananya and that of the other Sages is in a case where there is an animal standing before the slaughterer and it is necessary to cast it to the ground in order to slaughter it. Even Rabbi Ḥananya disregards the time required to bring the animal from elsewhere. But Rabbi Ḥananya holds that the slaughter is invalidated only if the interruption lasts an interval equivalent to the duration of the act of casting the animal to the ground and slaughtering it. The Rabbis invalidate the slaughter even if an interval has elapsed that is equivalent to the duration of the act of slaughtering the animal, without casting it to the ground.
אָמְרִי בְּמַעְרְבָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהֶנָּה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה וְיִשְׁחוֹט, דַּקָּה לְדַקָּה וְגַסָּה לְגַסָּה.
The Gemara cites an additional opinion with regard to the duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter. They said in the West, Eretz Yisrael, in the name of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina: The duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter is equivalent to the period in which he can lift the animal from the ground and then lay it back on the ground and slaughter it. The interval is calculated based on the size of the animal in question. The duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter of a small animal is equivalent to the period necessary to lift, lay down, and slaughter a small animal. And the duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter of a large animal is equivalent to the period necessary to lift, lay down, and slaughter a large animal.
אָמַר רָבָא: הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּסַכִּין רָעָה, אֲפִילּוּ כׇּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ – כְּשֵׁרָה.
§ Rava said: In the case of one who slaughters with a blunt knife, even if the completion of the slaughter lasts the entire day, the slaughter is valid provided there is no interruption in the midst of the slaughter.
בָּעֵי רָבָא: שְׁהִיּוֹת, מַהוּ שֶׁיִּצְטָרְפוּ?
Rava raises a dilemma: If there were several short interruptions during a single act of slaughter, what is the halakha in terms of whether they join together to invalidate the slaughter if the sum of the durations of all the interruptions is greater than the maximum permitted interruption?
וְתִפְשׁוֹט לַהּ מִדִּידֵיהּ! הָתָם בִּדְלָא שְׁהָה.
The Gemara challenges: And let Rava resolve the dilemma from his own statement, as he permitted an act of slaughter that lasts the entire day, during which there were presumably brief interruptions throughout. Apparently, the interruptions do not join together. The Gemara responds: There, Rava was referring to a case where there was no interruption, as the slaughterer drew the knife back and forth throughout.
בָּעֵי רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נָתָן: שָׁהָה בְּמִיעוּט סִימָנִין, מַהוּ? תֵּיקוּ.
Rav Huna, son of Rav Natan, raises a dilemma: If one cut the majority of the simanim and then interrupted the slaughter before proceeding to cut the minority of the simanim, what is the halakha? The Gemara answers: The dilemma shall stand unresolved.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אִם שָׁהָה [כְּדֵי בִיקּוּר]. מַאי כְּדֵי בִיקּוּר? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כְּדֵי בִּיקֻּרוֹ שֶׁל חָכָם. אִם כֵּן, נָתַתָּ דְּבָרֶיךָ לְשִׁיעוּרִין! אֶלָּא, כְּדֵי בִּיקּוּר טַבָּח חָכָם.
§ The mishna teaches that Rabbi Shimon says: The slaughter is not valid if he interrupted the slaughter for an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination. The Gemara asks: What is an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination? Rabbi Yoḥanan said: It is an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination of the knife by a Sage prior to the slaughter of the animal. The Gemara objects: If so, you have rendered your statement subject to circumstances, as sometimes the Sage is near and sometimes the Sage is far, and the time required for examination varies accordingly. The Gemara responds: Rather, the reference is to an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination performed by a slaughterer who is a Sage. In that case, travel time is not factored in; only the time of the examination itself is considered, and this does not vary.
מַתְנִי׳ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט, וּפָסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, אוֹ פָסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט, אוֹ שָׁחַט אֶחָד מֵהֶן וְהִמְתִּין לָהּ עַד שֶׁמֵּתָה, אוֹ שֶׁהֶחְלִיד אֶת הַסַּכִּין תַּחַת הַשֵּׁנִי וּפְסָקוֹ – רַבִּי יְשֵׁבָב אוֹמֵר: נְבֵלָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: טְרֵפָה.
MISHNA: If one cut the gullet in the standard manner of slaughter with a back-and-forth movement, and he severed the windpipe not in the standard manner, or if one severed the windpipe and thereafter cut the gullet, or if one cut one of the simanim and waited until the animal died, or if one cut one siman and concealed the knife beneath the second siman and severed it from below, Rabbi Yeshevav says: The animal is an unslaughtered carcass and imparts ritual impurity through contact with it and carrying it. Rabbi Akiva says: The animal is a tereifa, and although eating it is prohibited, it does not transmit ritual impurity.
כְּלָל אָמַר רַבִּי יְשֵׁבָב מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: כֹּל שֶׁנִּפְסְלָה בִּשְׁחִיטָתָהּ – נְבֵלָה, כֹּל שֶׁשְּׁחִיטָתָהּ כָּרָאוּי וְדָבָר אַחֵר גָּרַם לָהּ לִיפָּסֵל – טְרֵפָה, וְהוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.
Rabbi Yeshevav stated a principle in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: Any animal that was rendered unfit during its slaughter because the slaughter was not performed properly is an unslaughtered carcass; any animal whose slaughter was performed properly and another matter caused it to become unfit is a tereifa. And Rabbi Akiva conceded to his opinion.
גְּמָ׳ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט וְכוּ׳. וְהוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וּרְמִינְהִי: אֵלּוּ טְרֵפוֹת בַּבְּהֵמָה
GEMARA: The mishna teaches: If one cut the gullet…and Rabbi Akiva conceded to his opinion. And the Gemara raises a contradiction from a mishna at the beginning of the next chapter (42a): These wounds constitute tereifot in an animal:
נְקוּבַת הַוֶּושֶׁט וּפְסוּקַת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת!
An animal that has a perforated gullet, where the perforation goes through the wall of the gullet, or one with a severed windpipe. According to this mishna, the severed windpipe renders the animal a tereifa and not an unslaughtered carcass. If Rabbi Akiva reconsidered his opinion and conceded to Rabbi Yeshevav, in accordance with the opinion of which tanna is that mishna?
אָמַר רָבָא: לָא קַשְׁיָא, כָּאן שֶׁשָּׁחַט וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּסַק, כָּאן שֶׁפָּסַק וּלְבַסּוֹף שָׁחַט. שָׁחַט וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּסַק – נִפְסֶלֶת בִּשְׁחִיטָה הִיא, פָּסַק וּלְבַסּוֹף שָׁחַט – כִּי דָּבָר אַחֵר גָּרַם לָהּ לִיפָּסֵל דָּמְיָא.
Rava said: This is not difficult. Here, the mishna is referring to a case where one cut the gullet and ultimately severed the windpipe not in the standard manner. There, the mishna in the next chapter is referring to a case where he severed the windpipe not in the standard manner, and ultimately cut the gullet. If he cut the gullet and ultimately severed the windpipe, the animal was rendered unfit during its slaughter; therefore, it assumes the status of an unslaughtered carcass, according to the principle of Rabbi Yeshevav. But if he severed the windpipe and ultimately cut the gullet, it is as though another matter caused the animal to become unfit; therefore, it assumes the status of a tereifa.
אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בַּר הוּנָא לְרָבָא: שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט וּפָסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, פָּסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט – נְבֵלָה!
Rav Aḥa bar Huna raised an objection to Rava from a baraita: If one cut the gullet and then severed the windpipe, or if one severed the windpipe and cut the gullet thereafter, the animal is an unslaughtered carcass. Apparently, contrary to Rava’s statement, the order is irrelevant, and even if the windpipe is severed first, the animal assumes the status of an unslaughtered carcass.
אֵימָא: וּכְבָר שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט מֵעִיקָּרָא.
Rava said: Say that the latter case in the baraita means not that he cut the gullet thereafter; rather, it is a case where one severed the windpipe and had already cut the gullet at the outset.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שְׁתֵּי תְּשׁוּבוֹת בַּדָּבָר, חֲדָא דְּהַיְינוּ קַמַּיְיתָא, וְעוֹד הָא תְּנַן ״וְאַחַר כָּךְ״!
Rav Aḥa bar Huna said to him: There are two refutations of the statement, i.e., of your attempt to answer the difficulty from the baraita: One is that if the second case in the baraita is one where he initially cut the gullet, then that is identical to the first case in the baraita. And furthermore, didn’t we learn explicitly in the baraita: Or if one severed the windpipe and cut the gullet thereafter, the animal is an unslaughtered carcass?
אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרוֹת קָתָנֵי, וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן נְבֵלוֹת, וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן טְרֵפוֹת.
Rather, Rava said: The use of the term: Tereifot, in the mishna in the next chapter is not to the exclusion of unslaughtered carcasses; rather, the tanna teaches that term in a general sense, meaning: These wounds serve to render an animal forbidden; and there are some of them that are unslaughtered carcasses, e.g., an animal with a severed windpipe, and there are some of them that are tereifot.
וְלִיחְשׁוֹב נָמֵי דְּחִזְקִיָּה, דְּאָמַר חִזְקִיָּה: עֲשָׂאָהּ גִּיסְטְרָא – נְבֵלָה, וְלִיחְשׁוֹב נָמֵי דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: נִטְּלָה יָרֵךְ וְחָלָל שֶׁלָּהּ – נְבֵלָה.
The Gemara objects to that interpretation: If the mishna is listing those circumstances that render the animal an unslaughtered carcass, let the tanna consider the circumstance of Ḥizkiyya as well, as Ḥizkiyya says: If one rendered the animal like a shard by cutting it into two widthwise, its halakhic status is that of an unslaughtered carcass even while it is convulsing before its death. And let the tanna consider the circumstance of Rabbi Elazar as well, as Rabbi Elazar said: If the thigh, the hind leg of the animal, was removed and its recess is obvious (see 21a), it is an unslaughtered carcass.
כִּי קָתָנֵי נְבֵלָה, דְּלָא מְטַמְּאָה מֵחַיִּים, אֲבָל נְבֵלָה דִּמְטַמְּאָה מֵחַיִּים – לָא קָתָנֵי.
The Gemara explains: When the mishna teaches the case of an unslaughtered carcass, it is a case where the animal does not assume that status and imparts impurity while alive. But the tanna does not teach the case of an unslaughtered carcass where the animal assumes that status and imparts impurity while alive, e.g., the cases of Ḥizkiyya and Rabbi Elazar.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר: כָּאן – שֶׁשָּׁחַט בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ, כָּאן – שֶׁשָּׁחַט שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ. שָׁחַט בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ – נִפְסְלָה בִּשְׁחִיטָה הִיא, שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ – כִּי דָּבָר אַחֵר גָּרַם לָהּ לִיפָּסֵל דָּמְיָא.
Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish resolved the apparent contradiction between the mishna here and the mishna on 42a, and said: Here, the tanna is referring to a case where one cut the gullet in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe. There, on 42a, the tanna is referring to a case where he cut the gullet not in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe. The reason for the distinction is that if one cut the gullet in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe, it is an animal that was rendered unfit during its slaughter and it assumes the status of an unslaughtered carcass. By contrast, if he cut the gullet not in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe it is like a case where another matter caused the animal to become unfit. Therefore, cutting the gullet renders it a tereifa and prevents it from imparting ritual impurity.
וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: שָׁחַט אֶת הַקָּנֶה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִיקְּבָה הָרֵיאָה כְּשֵׁרָה! אַלְמָא כְּמַאן דְּמַנְּחָא בְּדִיקּוּלָא דָּמְיָא, הָכָא נָמֵי כְּמַאן דְּמַנְּחָא בְּדִיקּוּלָא דָּמְיָא.
The Gemara asks: And did Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish say this, that slaughter can be effective to prevent impurity after the windpipe was severed? But doesn’t Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish say: If one cut the windpipe and the lung was perforated thereafter before he cut the gullet, the animal is fit for consumption? Apparently, after cutting the windpipe, the status of the lungs, whose existence is dependent upon the windpipe, is like that of an item that is placed in a basket; they are irrelevant to the determination of the animal’s status. Here too, when the windpipe is severed at the beginning of the slaughter the windpipe should be considered like an item that is placed in a basket in the sense that the animal is considered to have only one siman, the gullet, and cutting of one siman does not affect the animal’s status.
אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לָא קַשְׁיָא, כָּאן קוֹדֶם חֲזָרָה, כָּאן לְאַחַר חֲזָרָה, וּמִשְׁנָה לֹא זָזָה מִמְּקוֹמָהּ.
Rather, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The apparent contradiction is not difficult. There (42a), where it is stated that an animal with a severed windpipe is a tereifa, the mishna presents the opinion of Rabbi Akiva before retraction of his opinion. Here, the mishna presents the opinion of Rabbi Akiva after retraction of his opinion. And even though Rabbi Akiva retracted his opinion, a mishna does not move from its place. Once this version of the mishna was learned in the study hall, it remained valuable, even though it is no longer current.
גּוּפָא, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: שָׁחַט אֶת הַקָּנֶה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִיקְּבָה הָרֵיאָה – כְּשֵׁרָה. אָמַר רָבָא: לָא אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אֶלָּא בְּרֵיאָה, הוֹאִיל וְחַיֵּי רֵיאָה תְּלוּיִן בַּקָּנֶה, אֲבָל בִּבְנֵי מֵעַיִים – לָא.
§ The Gemara discusses the matter itself that was cited previously. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: If one cut the windpipe and the lung was perforated thereafter before he cut the gullet, the animal is fit for consumption. Rava said: Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish states this principle only with regard to a lung, since the function of the lung is dependent upon the windpipe. Once the windpipe is severed it is as though the lungs were removed from the animal. But with regard to innards that were perforated after the windpipe was cut but before the slaughter was completed, no, the animal becomes a tereifa, because the function of the innards is not dependent on the windpipe.
מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא: מֵאַחַר שֶׁנּוֹלְדוּ בָּהּ סִימָנֵי טְרֵפָה הִתַּרְתָּ, מָה לִי בְּרֵיאָה, מָה לִי בִּבְנֵי מֵעַיִים!
Rabbi Zeira objects to Rava’s distinction. Since when signs of being a tereifa developed in the animal after the slaughter began, you permitted the animal and deemed the slaughter valid, what difference is there to me if the perforation was in the lung, and what difference is there to me if the perforation was in the innards? In either case, the animal should not be deemed a tereifa if the signs developed once the slaughter began.
וַהֲדַר בֵּיהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא, דְּבָעֵי רַבִּי זֵירָא: נִיקְּבוּ בְּנֵי מֵעַיִים בֵּין סִימָן לְסִימָן, מַהוּ? מִי מִצְטָרֵף סִימָן רִאשׁוֹן לְסִימָן שֵׁנִי לְטַהֲרָהּ מִידֵי נְבֵלָה, אוֹ לָא?
But Rabbi Zeira retracted his objection, as Rabbi Zeira raises a dilemma: If the innards were perforated between the cutting of the first siman and the second siman what is the halakha? Does the first siman join together with the second siman to purify the animal from the impurity of an unslaughtered carcass or not?
וְאָמְרִינַן: לָאו הַיְינוּ דְּבָעֵי אִילְפָא: הוֹצִיא עוּבָּר אֶת יָדוֹ בֵּין סִימָן לְסִימָן, מַהוּ?
And we say: Isn’t this the dilemma that Ilfa raises: If a fetus extended its foreleg outside the womb while the mother was being slaughtered, between the cutting of the first siman, the windpipe, and the second siman, the gullet, thereby causing the foreleg to have the status of a tereifa, what is the halakha?
Today’s daily daf tools:
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
The Role(s) of People in Explaining Torah: Understanding Divrei Soferim
Hullin 26: Servitude, Seduction, Refusal, Halitzah, and Havdalah
Hullin 18: Serration, Cartilage, and the Stringencies of Babylonia
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
Ive been learning Gmara since 5th grade and always loved it. Have always wanted to do Daf Yomi and now with Michelle Farber’s online classes it made it much easier to do! Really enjoying the experience thank you!!
Neve Daniel, Israel
When I started studying Hebrew at Brown University’s Hillel, I had no idea that almost 38 years later, I’m doing Daf Yomi. My Shabbat haburah is led by Rabbanit Leah Sarna. The women are a hoot. I’m tracking the completion of each tractate by reading Ilana Kurshan’s memoir, If All the Seas Were Ink.
Pennsylvania, United States
After enthusing to my friend Ruth Kahan about how much I had enjoyed remote Jewish learning during the earlier part of the pandemic, she challenged me to join her in learning the daf yomi cycle. I had always wanted to do daf yomi but now had no excuse. The beginning was particularly hard as I had never studied Talmud but has become easier, as I have gained some familiarity with it.
Brookline, United States
I am a Reform rabbi and took Talmud courses in rabbinical school, but I knew there was so much more to learn. It felt inauthentic to serve as a rabbi without having read the entire Talmud, so when the opportunity arose to start Daf Yomi in 2020, I dove in! Thanks to Hadran, Daf Yomi has enriched my understanding of rabbinic Judaism and deepened my love of Jewish text & tradition. Todah rabbah!
California, United States
I decided to give daf yomi a try when I heard about the siyum hashas in 2020. Once the pandemic hit, the daily commitment gave my days some much-needed structure. There have been times when I’ve felt like quitting- especially when encountering very technical details in the text. But then I tell myself, “Look how much you’ve done. You can’t stop now!” So I keep going & my Koren bookshelf grows…
Huntington, United States
When I began the previous cycle, I promised myself that if I stuck with it, I would reward myself with a trip to Israel. Little did I know that the trip would involve attending the first ever women’s siyum and being inspired by so many learners. I am now over 2 years into my second cycle and being part of this large, diverse, fascinating learning family has enhanced my learning exponentially.
Minnesota, United States
In January 2020, my chevruta suggested that we “up our game. Let’s do Daf Yomi” – and she sent me the Hadran link. I lost my job (and went freelance), there was a pandemic, and I am still opening the podcast with my breakfast coffee, or after Shabbat with popcorn. My Aramaic is improving. I will need a new bookcase, though.
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
I had tried to start after being inspired by the hadran siyum, but did not manage to stick to it. However, just before masechet taanit, our rav wrote a message to the shul WhatsApp encouraging people to start with masechet taanit, so I did! And this time, I’m hooked! I listen to the shiur every day , and am also trying to improve my skills.
Yad Binyamin, Israel
I began learning the daf in January 2022. I initially “flew under the radar,” sharing my journey with my husband and a few close friends. I was apprehensive – who, me? Gemara? Now, 2 years in, I feel changed. The rigor of a daily commitment frames my days. The intellectual engagement enhances my knowledge. And the virtual community of learners has become a new family, weaving a glorious tapestry.
Far Rockaway, United States
In January 2020, my teaching partner at IDC suggested we do daf yomi. Thanks to her challenge, I started learning daily from Rabbanit Michelle. It’s a joy to be part of the Hadran community. (It’s also a tikkun: in 7th grade, my best friend and I tied for first place in a citywide gemara exam, but we weren’t invited to the celebration because girls weren’t supposed to be learning gemara).
Jerusalem, Israel
Margo
I started my Talmud journey in 7th grade at Akiba Jewish Day School in Chicago. I started my Daf Yomi journey after hearing Erica Brown speak at the Hadran Siyum about marking the passage of time through Daf Yomi.
Carolyn
I started my Talmud journey post-college in NY with a few classes. I started my Daf Yomi journey after the Hadran Siyum, which inspired both my son and myself.
Merion Station, USA
Beit Shemesh, Israel
My husband learns Daf, my son learns Daf, my son-in-law learns Daf.
When I read about Hadran’s Siyyum HaShas 2 years ago, I thought- I can learn Daf too!
I had learned Gemara in Hillel HS in NJ, & I remembered loving it.
Rabbanit Michelle & Hadran have opened my eyes & expanding my learning so much in the past few years. We can now discuss Gemara as a family.
This was a life saver during Covid
Brooklyn, NY, United States
I read Ilana Kurshan’s “If All the Seas Were Ink” which inspired me. Then the Women’s Siyum in Jerusalem in 2020 convinced me, I knew I had to join! I have loved it- it’s been a constant in my life daily, many of the sugiyot connect to our lives. My family and friends all are so supportive. It’s incredible being part of this community and love how diverse it is! I am so excited to learn more!
Jerusalem, Israel
A few years back, after reading Ilana Kurshan’s book, “If All The Seas Were Ink,” I began pondering the crazy, outlandish idea of beginning the Daf Yomi cycle. Beginning in December, 2019, a month before the previous cycle ended, I “auditioned” 30 different podcasts in 30 days, and ultimately chose to take the plunge with Hadran and Rabbanit Michelle. Such joy!
HUNTINGTON, United States
After all the hype on the 2020 siyum I became inspired by a friend to begin learning as the new cycle began.with no background in studying Talmud it was a bit daunting in the beginning. my husband began at the same time so we decided to study on shabbat together. The reaction from my 3 daughters has been fantastic. They are very proud. It’s been a great challenge for my brain which is so healthy!
Modi’in, Israel
I started learning at the beginning of the cycle after a friend persuaded me that it would be right up my alley. I was lucky enough to learn at Rabbanit Michelle’s house before it started on zoom and it was quickly part of my daily routine. I find it so important to see for myself where halachot were derived, where stories were told and to get more insight into how the Rabbis interacted.
Ra’anana, Israel
I began Daf Yomi with the last cycle. I was inspired by the Hadran Siyum in Yerushalayim to continue with this cycle. I have learned Daf Yomi with Rabanit Michelle in over 25 countries on 6 continents ( missing Australia)
Silver Spring, MD, United States
I heard about the syium in January 2020 & I was excited to start learning then the pandemic started. Learning Daf became something to focus on but also something stressful. As the world changed around me & my family I had to adjust my expectations for myself & the world. Daf Yomi & the Hadran podcast has been something I look forward to every day. It gives me a moment of centering & Judaism daily.
Denver, United States
I started to listen to Michelle’s podcasts four years ago. The minute I started I was hooked. I’m so excited to learn the entire Talmud, and think I will continue always. I chose the quote “while a woman is engaged in conversation she also holds the spindle”. (Megillah 14b). It reminds me of all of the amazing women I learn with every day who multi-task, think ahead and accomplish so much.
Zichron Yakov, Israel
I started learning Jan 2020 when I heard the new cycle was starting. I had tried during the last cycle and didn’t make it past a few weeks. Learning online from old men didn’t speak to my soul and I knew Talmud had to be a soul journey for me. Enter Hadran! Talmud from Rabbanit Michelle Farber from a woman’s perspective, a mother’s perspective and a modern perspective. Motivated to continue!
Brentwood, California, United States
Chullin 32
נִשְׁחֲטָה בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת עִמָּהּ, לְרַבִּי נָתָן – פָּרָה פְּסוּלָה בְּהֵמָה כְּשֵׁרָה, לְרַבָּנַן – פָּרָה כְּשֵׁרָה בְּהֵמָה פְּסוּלָה.
But if another animal was inadvertently slaughtered together with the red heifer in the same action, according to Rabbi Natan, who holds that the slaughter of non-sacred animals without intent is valid, the red heifer is disqualified, because an additional labor was performed with its slaughter, and the other animal is fit for consumption, as its slaughter was valid. According to the Rabbis, who hold that slaughter of non-sacred animals without intent is not considered slaughter, the red heifer is fit for use in the purification rite because no other labor was performed with its slaughter, and the other animal is unfit for consumption.
פְּשִׁיטָא! נִשְׁחֲטָה בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת לְרַבִּי נָתָן אִיצְטְרִיכָא לֵיהּ, סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא: ״וְשָׁחַט אוֹתָהּ״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְלֹא אוֹתָהּ וַחֲבֶירְתָּהּ, וְהֵיכִי דָּמֵי – כְּגוֹן שֶׁשָּׁחַט שְׁתֵּי פָּרוֹת בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי, אֲבָל בְּהֵמָה דְּחוּלִּין אֵימָא לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.
The Gemara asks: That is obvious; why did Rava have to teach that? The Gemara answers: It was necessary for Rava to teach the halakha according to the opinion of Rabbi Natan in the case where another animal was inadvertently slaughtered in the same action with the red heifer. It may enter your mind to say: The Merciful One states with regard to the slaughter of the red heifer: “And you shall give it to Elazar the priest…and he shall slaughter it before him” (Numbers 19:3), from which it is inferred: One may slaughter it, but not it and another animal simultaneously. And what are the circumstances of that prohibition? It is a case where one slaughtered two red heifers at the same time. But in a case where one slaughtered a red heifer together with a non-sacred animal, say no, that it does not disqualify the red heifer. Therefore, Rava teaches us that even slaughter with a non-sacred animal disqualifies the red heifer.
חָתַךְ דַּלַּעַת עִמָּהּ – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל פְּסוּלָה, נֶחְתְּכָה דַּלַּעַת עִמָּהּ – דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל כְּשֵׁרָה.
Rava adds: If one slaughtered a red heifer and in the same action cut a gourd together with it, everyone agrees that the red heifer is disqualified. If one slaughtered a red heifer and a gourd was inadvertently cut together with it in the same action, everyone agrees that the red heifer is fit for use in the purification rite, as that is not labor that disqualifies a red heifer and it is also not excluded by the derivation from the verse “And he shall slaughter it.”
מַתְנִי׳ נָפְלָה סַכִּין וְהִגְבִּיהָהּ, נָפְלוּ כֵּלָיו וְהִגְבִּיהָן, הִשְׁחִיז אֶת הַסַּכִּין וְעָף, בָּא חֲבֵירוֹ וְשָׁחַט, אִם שָׁהָה כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטָה – פְּסוּלָה. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אִם שָׁהָה כְּדֵי בִיקּוּר.
MISHNA: If, when one was in the middle of slaughtering an animal, the knife fell and he lifted it and then completed the slaughter, or if his garments fell and he lifted them and then completed the slaughter, or if he had honed the knife and grew weary before completing the slaughter and another came and slaughtered the animal, if he interrupted the slaughter in one of these ways or in a different way for an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter, the slaughter is not valid. Rabbi Shimon says: The slaughter is not valid if he interrupted the slaughter for an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination.
גְּמָ׳ מַאי כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטָה? אָמַר רַב: כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת.
GEMARA: The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter? Rav said: It means an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another animal, not the duration required to complete the act of slaughter that was interrupted.
אָמְרִי לֵיהּ רַב כָּהֲנָא וְרַב אַסִּי לְרַב: כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת בְּהֵמָה לִבְהֵמָה, וְעוֹף לְעוֹף, אוֹ דִלְמָא אַף בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף?
Rav Kahana and Rav Asi said to Rav: Is the interruption that invalidates the slaughter an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another animal for an animal, i.e., in a case where an animal was being slaughtered, and an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another bird for a bird? Or perhaps it is an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of an animal even for a bird, and if the interruption is any shorter it does not invalidate the slaughter?
אֲמַר לְהוּ: לָא הֲוָה בְּדִיחְנָא בֵּיהּ בְּחַבִּיבִי, דֶּאֱישַׁיְּילֵיהּ.
Rav said to them: When we studied this topic I did not feel sufficiently intimate with my beloved uncle, Rabbi Ḥiyya, such that I could ask him that question. Rav was able only to transmit that which he heard from Rabbi Ḥiyya, but was unable to resolve their dilemma.
אִתְּמַר: אָמַר רַב: כְּדֵי שְׁחִיטַת בְּהֵמָה לִבְהֵמָה, וְעוֹף לְעוֹף, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: אֲפִילּוּ בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף, וְכֵן כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: אֲפִילּוּ בְּהֵמָה לְעוֹף.
It was stated that there is an amoraic dispute with regard to this matter. Rav said: An interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another animal for an animal, and an interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of another bird for a bird. And Shmuel said: An interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of an animal even for a bird. And likewise, when Ravin came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia he said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: An interval equivalent to the duration of an act of slaughter of an animal even for a bird.
רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָא אָמַר: כְּדֵי שֶׁיָּבִיא בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת וְיִשְׁחוֹט. יָבִיא אֲפִילּוּ מֵעָלְמָא? נָתַתָּ דְּבָרֶיךָ לְשִׁיעוּרִין!
Rabbi Ḥananya said: An interval equivalent to the period in which one can bring another animal and slaughter it. The Gemara asks: Does that mean the time in which one can bring an animal even from anywhere else, regardless of the distance? Occasionally, there is no animal available in close proximity. If so, you have rendered your statement subject to circumstances; it does not apply uniformly to all cases.
אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: עוֹמֶדֶת לְהַטִּיל אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ.
Rav Pappa said: The practical difference between the opinion of Rabbi Ḥananya and that of the other Sages is in a case where there is an animal standing before the slaughterer and it is necessary to cast it to the ground in order to slaughter it. Even Rabbi Ḥananya disregards the time required to bring the animal from elsewhere. But Rabbi Ḥananya holds that the slaughter is invalidated only if the interruption lasts an interval equivalent to the duration of the act of casting the animal to the ground and slaughtering it. The Rabbis invalidate the slaughter even if an interval has elapsed that is equivalent to the duration of the act of slaughtering the animal, without casting it to the ground.
אָמְרִי בְּמַעְרְבָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כְּדֵי שֶׁיַּגְבִּיהֶנָּה וְיַרְבִּיצֶנָּה וְיִשְׁחוֹט, דַּקָּה לְדַקָּה וְגַסָּה לְגַסָּה.
The Gemara cites an additional opinion with regard to the duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter. They said in the West, Eretz Yisrael, in the name of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina: The duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter is equivalent to the period in which he can lift the animal from the ground and then lay it back on the ground and slaughter it. The interval is calculated based on the size of the animal in question. The duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter of a small animal is equivalent to the period necessary to lift, lay down, and slaughter a small animal. And the duration of the interruption that invalidates slaughter of a large animal is equivalent to the period necessary to lift, lay down, and slaughter a large animal.
אָמַר רָבָא: הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּסַכִּין רָעָה, אֲפִילּוּ כׇּל הַיּוֹם כּוּלּוֹ – כְּשֵׁרָה.
§ Rava said: In the case of one who slaughters with a blunt knife, even if the completion of the slaughter lasts the entire day, the slaughter is valid provided there is no interruption in the midst of the slaughter.
בָּעֵי רָבָא: שְׁהִיּוֹת, מַהוּ שֶׁיִּצְטָרְפוּ?
Rava raises a dilemma: If there were several short interruptions during a single act of slaughter, what is the halakha in terms of whether they join together to invalidate the slaughter if the sum of the durations of all the interruptions is greater than the maximum permitted interruption?
וְתִפְשׁוֹט לַהּ מִדִּידֵיהּ! הָתָם בִּדְלָא שְׁהָה.
The Gemara challenges: And let Rava resolve the dilemma from his own statement, as he permitted an act of slaughter that lasts the entire day, during which there were presumably brief interruptions throughout. Apparently, the interruptions do not join together. The Gemara responds: There, Rava was referring to a case where there was no interruption, as the slaughterer drew the knife back and forth throughout.
בָּעֵי רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב נָתָן: שָׁהָה בְּמִיעוּט סִימָנִין, מַהוּ? תֵּיקוּ.
Rav Huna, son of Rav Natan, raises a dilemma: If one cut the majority of the simanim and then interrupted the slaughter before proceeding to cut the minority of the simanim, what is the halakha? The Gemara answers: The dilemma shall stand unresolved.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: אִם שָׁהָה [כְּדֵי בִיקּוּר]. מַאי כְּדֵי בִיקּוּר? אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: כְּדֵי בִּיקֻּרוֹ שֶׁל חָכָם. אִם כֵּן, נָתַתָּ דְּבָרֶיךָ לְשִׁיעוּרִין! אֶלָּא, כְּדֵי בִּיקּוּר טַבָּח חָכָם.
§ The mishna teaches that Rabbi Shimon says: The slaughter is not valid if he interrupted the slaughter for an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination. The Gemara asks: What is an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination? Rabbi Yoḥanan said: It is an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination of the knife by a Sage prior to the slaughter of the animal. The Gemara objects: If so, you have rendered your statement subject to circumstances, as sometimes the Sage is near and sometimes the Sage is far, and the time required for examination varies accordingly. The Gemara responds: Rather, the reference is to an interval equivalent to the duration of an examination performed by a slaughterer who is a Sage. In that case, travel time is not factored in; only the time of the examination itself is considered, and this does not vary.
מַתְנִי׳ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט, וּפָסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, אוֹ פָסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט, אוֹ שָׁחַט אֶחָד מֵהֶן וְהִמְתִּין לָהּ עַד שֶׁמֵּתָה, אוֹ שֶׁהֶחְלִיד אֶת הַסַּכִּין תַּחַת הַשֵּׁנִי וּפְסָקוֹ – רַבִּי יְשֵׁבָב אוֹמֵר: נְבֵלָה, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: טְרֵפָה.
MISHNA: If one cut the gullet in the standard manner of slaughter with a back-and-forth movement, and he severed the windpipe not in the standard manner, or if one severed the windpipe and thereafter cut the gullet, or if one cut one of the simanim and waited until the animal died, or if one cut one siman and concealed the knife beneath the second siman and severed it from below, Rabbi Yeshevav says: The animal is an unslaughtered carcass and imparts ritual impurity through contact with it and carrying it. Rabbi Akiva says: The animal is a tereifa, and although eating it is prohibited, it does not transmit ritual impurity.
כְּלָל אָמַר רַבִּי יְשֵׁבָב מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ: כֹּל שֶׁנִּפְסְלָה בִּשְׁחִיטָתָהּ – נְבֵלָה, כֹּל שֶׁשְּׁחִיטָתָהּ כָּרָאוּי וְדָבָר אַחֵר גָּרַם לָהּ לִיפָּסֵל – טְרֵפָה, וְהוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא.
Rabbi Yeshevav stated a principle in the name of Rabbi Yehoshua: Any animal that was rendered unfit during its slaughter because the slaughter was not performed properly is an unslaughtered carcass; any animal whose slaughter was performed properly and another matter caused it to become unfit is a tereifa. And Rabbi Akiva conceded to his opinion.
גְּמָ׳ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט וְכוּ׳. וְהוֹדָה לוֹ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. וּרְמִינְהִי: אֵלּוּ טְרֵפוֹת בַּבְּהֵמָה
GEMARA: The mishna teaches: If one cut the gullet…and Rabbi Akiva conceded to his opinion. And the Gemara raises a contradiction from a mishna at the beginning of the next chapter (42a): These wounds constitute tereifot in an animal:
נְקוּבַת הַוֶּושֶׁט וּפְסוּקַת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת!
An animal that has a perforated gullet, where the perforation goes through the wall of the gullet, or one with a severed windpipe. According to this mishna, the severed windpipe renders the animal a tereifa and not an unslaughtered carcass. If Rabbi Akiva reconsidered his opinion and conceded to Rabbi Yeshevav, in accordance with the opinion of which tanna is that mishna?
אָמַר רָבָא: לָא קַשְׁיָא, כָּאן שֶׁשָּׁחַט וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּסַק, כָּאן שֶׁפָּסַק וּלְבַסּוֹף שָׁחַט. שָׁחַט וּלְבַסּוֹף פָּסַק – נִפְסֶלֶת בִּשְׁחִיטָה הִיא, פָּסַק וּלְבַסּוֹף שָׁחַט – כִּי דָּבָר אַחֵר גָּרַם לָהּ לִיפָּסֵל דָּמְיָא.
Rava said: This is not difficult. Here, the mishna is referring to a case where one cut the gullet and ultimately severed the windpipe not in the standard manner. There, the mishna in the next chapter is referring to a case where he severed the windpipe not in the standard manner, and ultimately cut the gullet. If he cut the gullet and ultimately severed the windpipe, the animal was rendered unfit during its slaughter; therefore, it assumes the status of an unslaughtered carcass, according to the principle of Rabbi Yeshevav. But if he severed the windpipe and ultimately cut the gullet, it is as though another matter caused the animal to become unfit; therefore, it assumes the status of a tereifa.
אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בַּר הוּנָא לְרָבָא: שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט וּפָסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת, פָּסַק אֶת הַגַּרְגֶּרֶת וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט – נְבֵלָה!
Rav Aḥa bar Huna raised an objection to Rava from a baraita: If one cut the gullet and then severed the windpipe, or if one severed the windpipe and cut the gullet thereafter, the animal is an unslaughtered carcass. Apparently, contrary to Rava’s statement, the order is irrelevant, and even if the windpipe is severed first, the animal assumes the status of an unslaughtered carcass.
אֵימָא: וּכְבָר שָׁחַט אֶת הַוֶּושֶׁט מֵעִיקָּרָא.
Rava said: Say that the latter case in the baraita means not that he cut the gullet thereafter; rather, it is a case where one severed the windpipe and had already cut the gullet at the outset.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: שְׁתֵּי תְּשׁוּבוֹת בַּדָּבָר, חֲדָא דְּהַיְינוּ קַמַּיְיתָא, וְעוֹד הָא תְּנַן ״וְאַחַר כָּךְ״!
Rav Aḥa bar Huna said to him: There are two refutations of the statement, i.e., of your attempt to answer the difficulty from the baraita: One is that if the second case in the baraita is one where he initially cut the gullet, then that is identical to the first case in the baraita. And furthermore, didn’t we learn explicitly in the baraita: Or if one severed the windpipe and cut the gullet thereafter, the animal is an unslaughtered carcass?
אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרוֹת קָתָנֵי, וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן נְבֵלוֹת, וְיֵשׁ מֵהֶן טְרֵפוֹת.
Rather, Rava said: The use of the term: Tereifot, in the mishna in the next chapter is not to the exclusion of unslaughtered carcasses; rather, the tanna teaches that term in a general sense, meaning: These wounds serve to render an animal forbidden; and there are some of them that are unslaughtered carcasses, e.g., an animal with a severed windpipe, and there are some of them that are tereifot.
וְלִיחְשׁוֹב נָמֵי דְּחִזְקִיָּה, דְּאָמַר חִזְקִיָּה: עֲשָׂאָהּ גִּיסְטְרָא – נְבֵלָה, וְלִיחְשׁוֹב נָמֵי דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר: נִטְּלָה יָרֵךְ וְחָלָל שֶׁלָּהּ – נְבֵלָה.
The Gemara objects to that interpretation: If the mishna is listing those circumstances that render the animal an unslaughtered carcass, let the tanna consider the circumstance of Ḥizkiyya as well, as Ḥizkiyya says: If one rendered the animal like a shard by cutting it into two widthwise, its halakhic status is that of an unslaughtered carcass even while it is convulsing before its death. And let the tanna consider the circumstance of Rabbi Elazar as well, as Rabbi Elazar said: If the thigh, the hind leg of the animal, was removed and its recess is obvious (see 21a), it is an unslaughtered carcass.
כִּי קָתָנֵי נְבֵלָה, דְּלָא מְטַמְּאָה מֵחַיִּים, אֲבָל נְבֵלָה דִּמְטַמְּאָה מֵחַיִּים – לָא קָתָנֵי.
The Gemara explains: When the mishna teaches the case of an unslaughtered carcass, it is a case where the animal does not assume that status and imparts impurity while alive. But the tanna does not teach the case of an unslaughtered carcass where the animal assumes that status and imparts impurity while alive, e.g., the cases of Ḥizkiyya and Rabbi Elazar.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אָמַר: כָּאן – שֶׁשָּׁחַט בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ, כָּאן – שֶׁשָּׁחַט שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ. שָׁחַט בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ – נִפְסְלָה בִּשְׁחִיטָה הִיא, שֶׁלֹּא בִּמְקוֹם חֲתָךְ – כִּי דָּבָר אַחֵר גָּרַם לָהּ לִיפָּסֵל דָּמְיָא.
Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish resolved the apparent contradiction between the mishna here and the mishna on 42a, and said: Here, the tanna is referring to a case where one cut the gullet in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe. There, on 42a, the tanna is referring to a case where he cut the gullet not in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe. The reason for the distinction is that if one cut the gullet in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe, it is an animal that was rendered unfit during its slaughter and it assumes the status of an unslaughtered carcass. By contrast, if he cut the gullet not in the same place as the initial cut in the windpipe it is like a case where another matter caused the animal to become unfit. Therefore, cutting the gullet renders it a tereifa and prevents it from imparting ritual impurity.
וּמִי אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ הָכִי? וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: שָׁחַט אֶת הַקָּנֶה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִיקְּבָה הָרֵיאָה כְּשֵׁרָה! אַלְמָא כְּמַאן דְּמַנְּחָא בְּדִיקּוּלָא דָּמְיָא, הָכָא נָמֵי כְּמַאן דְּמַנְּחָא בְּדִיקּוּלָא דָּמְיָא.
The Gemara asks: And did Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish say this, that slaughter can be effective to prevent impurity after the windpipe was severed? But doesn’t Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish say: If one cut the windpipe and the lung was perforated thereafter before he cut the gullet, the animal is fit for consumption? Apparently, after cutting the windpipe, the status of the lungs, whose existence is dependent upon the windpipe, is like that of an item that is placed in a basket; they are irrelevant to the determination of the animal’s status. Here too, when the windpipe is severed at the beginning of the slaughter the windpipe should be considered like an item that is placed in a basket in the sense that the animal is considered to have only one siman, the gullet, and cutting of one siman does not affect the animal’s status.
אֶלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לָא קַשְׁיָא, כָּאן קוֹדֶם חֲזָרָה, כָּאן לְאַחַר חֲזָרָה, וּמִשְׁנָה לֹא זָזָה מִמְּקוֹמָהּ.
Rather, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: The apparent contradiction is not difficult. There (42a), where it is stated that an animal with a severed windpipe is a tereifa, the mishna presents the opinion of Rabbi Akiva before retraction of his opinion. Here, the mishna presents the opinion of Rabbi Akiva after retraction of his opinion. And even though Rabbi Akiva retracted his opinion, a mishna does not move from its place. Once this version of the mishna was learned in the study hall, it remained valuable, even though it is no longer current.
גּוּפָא, אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ: שָׁחַט אֶת הַקָּנֶה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִיקְּבָה הָרֵיאָה – כְּשֵׁרָה. אָמַר רָבָא: לָא אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן לָקִישׁ אֶלָּא בְּרֵיאָה, הוֹאִיל וְחַיֵּי רֵיאָה תְּלוּיִן בַּקָּנֶה, אֲבָל בִּבְנֵי מֵעַיִים – לָא.
§ The Gemara discusses the matter itself that was cited previously. Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish says: If one cut the windpipe and the lung was perforated thereafter before he cut the gullet, the animal is fit for consumption. Rava said: Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish states this principle only with regard to a lung, since the function of the lung is dependent upon the windpipe. Once the windpipe is severed it is as though the lungs were removed from the animal. But with regard to innards that were perforated after the windpipe was cut but before the slaughter was completed, no, the animal becomes a tereifa, because the function of the innards is not dependent on the windpipe.
מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא: מֵאַחַר שֶׁנּוֹלְדוּ בָּהּ סִימָנֵי טְרֵפָה הִתַּרְתָּ, מָה לִי בְּרֵיאָה, מָה לִי בִּבְנֵי מֵעַיִים!
Rabbi Zeira objects to Rava’s distinction. Since when signs of being a tereifa developed in the animal after the slaughter began, you permitted the animal and deemed the slaughter valid, what difference is there to me if the perforation was in the lung, and what difference is there to me if the perforation was in the innards? In either case, the animal should not be deemed a tereifa if the signs developed once the slaughter began.
וַהֲדַר בֵּיהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא, דְּבָעֵי רַבִּי זֵירָא: נִיקְּבוּ בְּנֵי מֵעַיִים בֵּין סִימָן לְסִימָן, מַהוּ? מִי מִצְטָרֵף סִימָן רִאשׁוֹן לְסִימָן שֵׁנִי לְטַהֲרָהּ מִידֵי נְבֵלָה, אוֹ לָא?
But Rabbi Zeira retracted his objection, as Rabbi Zeira raises a dilemma: If the innards were perforated between the cutting of the first siman and the second siman what is the halakha? Does the first siman join together with the second siman to purify the animal from the impurity of an unslaughtered carcass or not?
וְאָמְרִינַן: לָאו הַיְינוּ דְּבָעֵי אִילְפָא: הוֹצִיא עוּבָּר אֶת יָדוֹ בֵּין סִימָן לְסִימָן, מַהוּ?
And we say: Isn’t this the dilemma that Ilfa raises: If a fetus extended its foreleg outside the womb while the mother was being slaughtered, between the cutting of the first siman, the windpipe, and the second siman, the gullet, thereby causing the foreleg to have the status of a tereifa, what is the halakha?
