The gemara continues to discuss different approaches to one who sanctifies a female for a type of sacrifice that a female can’t be used for – is there inherent sanctity for the animal or not? Is this different for a burnt offering than for others – why would there be reason to distinguish?
This month’s learning is sponsored by Beth Balkany in honor of their granddaughter, Devorah Chana Serach Eichel. “May she grow up to be a lifelong learner.”
This month’s learning is dedicated in memory of Rabbi Dr. Raymond Harari z”l, on the occasion of his first yahrzeit. Over the course of his distinguished career as an educator, as principal of the Yeshiva of Flatbush, and as community rabbi, he inspired thousands of students with his wisdom, warmth, and unwavering commitment to Torah.
This week’s learning is sponsored by Mark and Rena Goldstein for refuah shleima of Ben Ezra Septee ben Rena and Aliza Margalit bat Shaina Raya.
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
English
עברית
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
This month’s learning is sponsored by Beth Balkany in honor of their granddaughter, Devorah Chana Serach Eichel. “May she grow up to be a lifelong learner.”
This month’s learning is dedicated in memory of Rabbi Dr. Raymond Harari z”l, on the occasion of his first yahrzeit. Over the course of his distinguished career as an educator, as principal of the Yeshiva of Flatbush, and as community rabbi, he inspired thousands of students with his wisdom, warmth, and unwavering commitment to Torah.
This week’s learning is sponsored by Mark and Rena Goldstein for refuah shleima of Ben Ezra Septee ben Rena and Aliza Margalit bat Shaina Raya.
Temurah 20
וּלְפִסְחוֹ וְלַאֲשָׁמוֹ — עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה.
or for his Paschal offering or for his guilt offering, although these offerings are brought only from male animals, it is still consecrated with inherent sanctity. Therefore, if one exchanges for it a non-sacred animal, he renders that animal a substitute, which is consecrated with the same sanctity as the original animal.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָתוֹ — עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה, לְפִסְחוֹ וְלַאֲשָׁמוֹ — אֵין עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה.
Rabbi Shimon disagrees with the Sages and says: The halakha is not the same in all these cases. Granted, if he consecrates a female animal for his burnt offering, it renders the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute, as there is burnt offering status for female birds. For this reason it is consecrated with inherent sanctity and can be sold only after it has become blemished. But if he consecrates a female animal for his Paschal offering or for his guilt offering it is not consecrated with inherent sanctity, and it may be sold even without a blemish. Therefore, it does not render the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute.
שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה, אֶלָּא הָרוֹעֶה לְהִסְתָּאֵב.
This ruling is based upon the principle that no animal renders the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute except for an animal that has inherent sanctity, which means that even if it may not be sacrificed, it must still be left to graze in order to become blemished, after which it is sold, and the proceeds from the sale are used to purchase a fit offering.
אָמַר רַבִּי: אֵין אֲנִי רוֹאֶה דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּפֶּסַח, הוֹאִיל וּמוֹתַר הַפֶּסַח קָרֵב שְׁלָמִים.
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says, with regard to this dispute between Rabbi Shimon and the first tanna: I do not agree with the statement of Rabbi Shimon with regard to the Paschal offering, that a non-sacred animal exchanged for a female which was designated for a Paschal offering does not become consecrated as a substitute. I disagree, since a leftover Paschal offering is sacrificed after Passover as a peace offering, and a peace offering is brought even from female animals. Therefore, a female animal that was designated for a Paschal offering should be consecrated with inherent sanctity, as there is peace offering status for female animals. It should not be sold unless it has a blemish, and it should render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute.
וְלֵימָא: אֵין אֲנִי רוֹאֶה דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּאָשָׁם, הוֹאִיל וּמוֹתַר אָשָׁם קָרֵב עוֹלָה! רַבִּי סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאָמְרִי: מוֹתָרוֹת לְנִדְבַת צִיבּוּר אָזְלִי, וְאֵין תְּמוּרָה בְּצִבּוּר.
The Gemara clarifies the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: And let him also say: I do not agree with the statement of Rabbi Shimon with regard to a guilt offering, for the same reason that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi disagrees with regard to the Paschal offering, since a leftover guilt offering is sacrificed as a burnt offering, and a bird burnt offering is brought even from female animals. Therefore, a female animal designated as a guilt offering should be consecrated with inherent sanctity, and it should render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. The Gemara explains: Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, who say: Leftover guilt offerings are used for communal gift offerings, i.e., they are sold and the money is used to purchase communal gift offerings, and a substitute cannot be designated for a communal offering.
קָא סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ, הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן גַּבֵּי מַפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָתוֹ, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה, דְּהָאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלֶה עָלֶיהָ גַּבֵּי עוֹלַת הָעוֹף.
§ The Gemara analyzes the opinion of Rabbi Shimon in the baraita: It might enter your mind to say that this is the reason for the ruling of Rabbi Shimon with regard to one who designates a female animal for his burnt offering: One renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute due to that reason, that it has burnt offering status because of the case of a bird burnt offering, which may be brought as a female.
אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ פָּרָה לְפָרוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָאִיכָּא פָּרַת חַטָּאת! קׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת הוּא, וְקׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת לָא עָבְדִי תְּמוּרָה.
But if that is so, in the case of a High Priest who designated a female cow instead of his male bull that he is obligated to bring as a sin offering on Yom Kippur, it should be sanctified with regard to rendering a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. Here too, the status of a sin offering is upon it, as the red heifer of purification is similar to a sin offering and is female. The Gemara answers: The red heifer is not consecrated with inherent sanctity, as it is not sacrificed upon the altar; rather, it is consecrated for Temple maintenance, and items consecrated for Temple maintenance do not render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for them a substitute.
יָחִיד שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ שָׂעִיר לִשְׂעִירָתוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָאִיכָּא שְׂעִיר נָשִׂיא! אִי נָמֵי, נָשִׂיא שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ שְׂעִירָה לִשְׂעִירוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָא יָחִיד מַפְרִישׁ שְׂעִירָה!
The Gemara objects: According to Rabbi Shimon, if an individual, who is obligated to bring a female animal as a sin offering, designated a male goat instead of his female goat, it should be sanctified with inherent sanctity with regard to rendering a substitute, as it has sin offering status, due to the case of the male goat brought as a sin offering by the king. Alternatively, if a king, who is obligated to bring a male animal as a sin offering, designated a female goat instead of his male goat, it should be sanctified with inherent sanctity with regard to rendering a substitute, since here too it has sin offering status, as an individual designates a female goat as a sin offering. Therefore, Rabbi Shimon should have stated that these animals render non-sacred animals exchanged for them consecrated as substitutes.
הָנֵי תְּרֵי גּוּפֵי נִינְהוּ.
The Gemara explains: Neither a female goat brought as a sin offering by a king nor a male goat brought as a sin offering by an individual are considered to have sin offering status. The reason is that these, the king and an individual, are two distinct bodies, and the status of an offering can be conferred only when such an offering is brought by people of the same status.
חָטְאוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְמַנּוּ, כִּי מַפְרֵישׁ שָׂעִיר לִשְׂעִירָתוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָא אִילּוּ חָטָא הַשְׁתָּא — בַּר אֵיתוֹיֵי שָׂעִיר הוּא! הָא לָא חָטָא — לָא אִיחַיַּיב בְּשָׂעִיר.
The Gemara objects: If so, then in a case where an individual sinned and is obligated to bring a female goat as a sin offering prior to being appointed as king, and he did not designate an animal as his offering before his appointment, if he designates a male goat instead of his female goat following his appointment, it should be sanctified with inherent sanctity with regard to substitution. In this situation, it should have sin offering status, as, if he sinned now, he is obligated to bring a male goat. The Gemara explains: This is not correct, as he did not sin when he was a king, and therefore was not actually obligated to bring a male goat, but a female goat.
אִי הָכִי, הָכָא נָמֵי, הָא לָאו עוֹלַת הָעוֹף קָמַיְיתֵי!
The Gemara asks: If so, that the individual’s appointment as king does not give sin offering status to the male goat designated as a sin offering for a sin committed prior to his appointment, here too, one should say that a female animal designated for a burnt offering does not have burnt offering status, as the person is not a poor leper, and therefore he does not bring a bird burnt offering. Why, then, does Rabbi Shimon maintain that such an animal renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute?
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, דִּתְנַן: ״הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה״ — יָבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: אוֹ תּוֹר אוֹ בְּנֵי יוֹנָה.
The Gemara explains: The baraita is not referring to an obligatory burnt offering but rather to a voluntary burnt offering, and Rabbi Shimon holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, who says that anyone, even a wealthy man, can bring a bird if he vows to bring a burnt offering. As we learned in a mishna (Menaḥot 107a) that one who says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a burnt offering, without specifying which animal, brings a lamb, which is the smallest animal that a wealthy man can bring as a burnt offering. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: He may even bring a dove or pigeons as a bird burnt offering.
תְּנַן הָתָם: הַמַּקְדִּישׁ נְכָסָיו, וְהָיָה בָּהֶן בְּהֵמָה רְאוּיָה לְגַבֵּי מִזְבֵּחַ, זְכָרִים וּנְקֵבוֹת.
§ The Gemara continues to discuss Rabbi Shimon’s opinion in the baraita: We learned in a mishna elsewhere (Shekalim 4:7): In the case of one who consecrates all his possessions without specifying for what purpose, and among them there is an animal that is suitable to be sacrificed on the altar, or multiple such animals that are males and females, what should be done with them?
רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: זְכָרִים יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים, וּדְמֵיהֶן יִפְּלוּ עִם שְׁאָר נְכָסִים לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת.
Rabbi Eliezer says: Since he did not specify otherwise, everything is consecrated for Temple maintenance. Therefore, any males should be sold for the needs of burnt offerings, i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as burnt offerings. And any females, as they cannot be brought as burnt offerings, should be sold for the needs of peace offerings, i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as such. And their monetary value that is received from their sale is allocated with the rest of his property for Temple maintenance.
רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים, וְיָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלוֹת, וּשְׁאָר נְכָסִים יִפְּלוּ לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת.
Rabbi Yehoshua says: Although he did not specify for what purpose he consecrated his possessions, it may be assumed that he intended the animals to be consecrated as burnt offerings. Therefore, any males should themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, and any females, since they cannot be brought as burnt offerings, should be sold for the needs of peace offerings, i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as such, and their monetary value that is received from their sale should be used to purchase and bring burnt offerings. And according to both opinions, the rest of the property, which is not suitable for sacrificial use, is allocated for Temple maintenance.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּאָמַר זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת הֵיכִי (מקרבן) [קָרְבָן] שְׁלָמִים? הָא מִכֹּחַ קְדוּשָּׁה דְּחוּיָּיה קָאָתְיָין!
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: According to the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua, who said that any males should themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, as that was the intention of the one who consecrated them, how can the buyers sacrifice the females as peace offerings? He explains the difficulty: Their status stems from deferred sanctity, as they were consecrated to be burnt offerings, and a female that was designated as a burnt offering is not sacrificed upon the altar, but instead is left to graze until it becomes blemished and is then sold.
לִישָּׁנָא אַחְרִינָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מִדְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, לְמֵימְרָא דִּקְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף אַקְדְּשִׁינְהוּ? אִי הָכִי, נְקֵבוֹת אַמַּאי יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים? בָּעֲיָא רְעִיָּיה!
The Gemara cites another version of this statement: Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: From the fact that Rabbi Yehoshua said that any males should themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, is this to say that he consecrated them with inherent sanctity? If so, why are the females sold for the needs of peace offerings? Since they were consecrated as burnt offerings, it is required that they be left to graze until they become blemished.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּאָמַר: כֹּל מִידֵּי דְּלָא חֲזֵי לֵיהּ לְגוּפֵיהּ — לָא נָחֲתָא לֵיהּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף. דִּתְנַן, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: תִּמָּכֵר שֶׁלֹּא בְּמוּם, וְאָמְרִינַן דְּטַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן — כֵּיוָן דְּלָא חַזְיָא נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם, לָא נָחֲתָא לֵיהּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף.
Rabbi Yoḥanan said to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: Rabbi Yehoshua holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon, who said with regard to anything that is not fit to be sacrificed itself upon the altar that inherent sanctity does not descend upon it. As we learned in the mishna that Rabbi Shimon says: If one designated a female for a guilt offering, for which one must bring a male, it may be sold without a blemish, and a guilt offering is purchased with the money received for its sale. And we say that the reason of Rabbi Shimon is that as a female animal is not fit to be sacrificed as a guilt offering, inherent sanctity does not descend upon it.
אֵימוֹר דְּאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן גַּבֵּי נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם,
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba objected to Rabbi Yoḥanan: You can say that Rabbi Shimon expressed his opinion specifically with regard to one who consecrates a female for a guilt offering,
דְּלֵיכָּא שֵׁם אָשָׁם עַל אִמּוֹ, אֲבָל גַּבֵּי נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָה דְּאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלָה עַל אִמּוֹ — אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מוֹדֶה!
where there is no guilt offering status for an animal that is the same sex as its mother, as a female guilt offering is never brought. But with regard to one who designates a female animal as a burnt offering, where there is burnt offering status for a bird that is the same sex as its mother, even Rabbi Shimon concedes that it has inherent sanctity, and therefore it should not be sold for the needs of a peace offering.
וְעוֹד, הָא שָׁמְעִינַן לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: לְעוֹלָתוֹ עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה!
In addition, another objection can be raised against the explanation of Rabbi Yoḥanan, as we have heard that Rabbi Shimon maintains that one who designates a female animal as a burnt offering renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. This indicates that it does have inherent sanctity with regard to this issue. Therefore, the question remains: How can the buyers sacrifice the females as peace offerings, when their status stems from deferred sanctity?
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ סָבַר לֵיהּ כְּאִידַּךְ תַּנָּא אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אַף לְעוֹלָתוֹ אֵין עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה.
Rabbi Yoḥanan said to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba in response: I meant that Rabbi Yehoshua holds in accordance with the interpretation of the other tanna with regard to the opinion of Rabbi Shimon. As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda says in the name of Rabbi Shimon: Even one who consecrates a female as his burnt offering does not render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. Even though there is burnt offering status for female birds, a female animal consecrated as a burnt offering does not have inherent sanctity. Therefore, it is sold and sacrificed as a peace offering, and its status is not considered to stem from deferred sanctity.
מַתְנִי׳ תְּמוּרַת אָשָׁם, וְלַד תְּמוּרָה, וְלָדָן וְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף כׇּל הָעוֹלָם — יִרְעוּ עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֲבוּ, וְיִמָּכְרוּ, וְיִפְּלוּ (דָּמָיו) [דְּמֵיהֶן] לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָמוּתוּ. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: יָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהּ עוֹלוֹת.
MISHNA: With regard to the substitute of a guilt offering, the offspring of that substitute, their offspring and the offspring of their offspring, until the end of all time, they are all left to graze until they become unfit, and then they are sold, and the money received for the sale is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Eliezer says: These animals are not left to graze; rather they are left to die. And Rabbi Elazar says: Communal gift offerings are not purchased with the money from the sale; rather, the owner should bring an individual burnt offering with the money received for its sale.
אָשָׁם שֶׁמֵּתוּ בְּעָלָיו, וְשֶׁכִּיפְּרוּ בְּעָלָיו — יִרְעוּ עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֲבוּ, וְיִמָּכְרוּ, וְיִפְּלוּ דָּמָיו לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָמוּתוּ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: יָבִיא בְּדָמֶיהָ עוֹלָה.
These tanna’im similarly disagree about the following case: A guilt offering whose owner died, and a guilt offering that was lost and its owner gained atonement with another animal, graze until they become unfit, and then they are sold, and the money received for the sale is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Eliezer says: These animals are left to die. Rabbi Elazar says: The owner must bring an individual burnt offering with the money received for its sale.
וַהֲלֹא אַף נְדָבָה עוֹלָה הִיא, וּמָה בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים? אֶלָּא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא בָּאָה עוֹלָה — סוֹמֵךְ עָלֶיהָ, וּמֵבִיא נְסָכִים, וּנְסָכֶיהָ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. אִם הָיָה כֹּהֵן — עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ.
The mishna objects: But even according to the Rabbis, isn’t a gift offering also a burnt offering? And what then is the difference between the statement of Rabbi Elazar and the statement of the Rabbis? Rather, the Rabbis are referring to a communal burnt offering and Rabbi Elazar is referring to an individual burnt offering, and there are several differences between these two offerings: When the animal comes as an individual burnt offering, the owner places his hands upon it and brings the accompanying meal offering and libations, and its libations come from his own property. If the owner of the animal was a priest, the right to perform its Temple service and the right to its hide are his.
וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נְדָבָה — אֵינוֹ סוֹמֵךְ עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ נְסָכִים, וּנְסָכֶיהָ מִשֶּׁל צִיבּוּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן — עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ מִשֶּׁל אַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר.
And when it is a communal gift offering, the owner of the animal that was sold does not place his hands upon it, as there is no placing of hands for communal offerings, and he does not bring its libations; rather, its libations are brought from the property of the community. Furthermore, although the owner of the animal that was sold is a priest, the right to perform its Temple service and the right to its hide are divided among the members of the priestly watch serving in the Temple that week.
גְּמָ׳ וּצְרִיכָא:
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that Rabbi Eliezer and the Sages disagreed about two cases, the substitute of a guilt offering and the halakha of a guilt offering whose owner died. The Gemara explains that both disputes are necessary.
דְּאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן אָשָׁם, בְּהָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר יָמוּתוּ, מִשּׁוּם דְּגָזַר לְאַחַר כַּפָּרָה אַטּוּ לִפְנֵי כַּפָּרָה.
As, had the tanna taught us the dispute only in the case of the guilt offering where the owner achieved atonement through another animal, I might have said that perhaps it is in this case alone that Rabbi Eliezer says that the animals are left to die. This would be because he holds that there is a rabbinic decree concerning what to do with a guilt offering following the owner having achieved atonement, due to the case of a guilt offering before the owner achieved atonement. If burnt offerings were brought with the money from the sale in a case where the owner already achieved atonement by means of another offering, people might mistakenly say that if a guilt offering was lost and another was designated in its place, there too the other animal is sold and burnt offerings are brought from the proceeds. In fact, in that case, as atonement has not yet been achieved, that money must actually be used for a guilt offering.
אֲבָל גַּבֵּי תְּמוּרַת אָשָׁם, וְלַד תְּמוּרָתָהּ, אֵימָא מוֹדֵי לְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן.
But with regard to the substitute of a guilt offering and the offspring of its substitute, which in any case are sent to graze, even if the owner did not achieve atonement with another animal, one might say that Rabbi Eliezer concedes to the Rabbis, as there is no need for such a decree.
וְאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן הָתָם, בְּהָא קָאָמְרִי רַבָּנַן, אֲבָל גַּבֵּי אָשָׁם מוֹדוּ לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר — צְרִיכָא.
And had the tanna taught us the dispute only there, in the case of the substitute of a guilt offering and the offspring of the substitute, I might have said that perhaps it is only in this case that the Rabbis say the animals are sent to graze, as there is no reason for a decree. But with regard to the case of a guilt offering where the owners achieved atonement, one might say that they concede to Rabbi Eliezer that the animals are left to die, as a decree. Therefore, both cases are necessary.
אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: מַחְלוֹקֶת לְאַחַר כַּפָּרָה, אֲבָל לִפְנֵי כַּפָּרָה — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הוּא עַצְמוֹ יִקְרַב אָשָׁם.
§ Rav Naḥman says that Rabba bar Avuh says: This dispute between Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis with regard to the offspring of a substitute applies only after atonement has been achieved, i.e., after the guilt offering has been sacrificed. But before atonement is achieved, and the consecrated animal and the substitute are both present, everyone agrees that even the offspring itself is sacrificed as a guilt offering, if the owner wishes.
אָמַר רָבָא: שְׁתֵּי תְּשׁוּבוֹת בַּדָּבָר, חֲדָא דְּאֵין אָדָם מִתְכַּפֵּר בְּדָבָר הַבָּא בַּעֲבֵירָה, וְעוֹד, הָתָנֵי רַב חֲנַנְיָא לְסַיּוֹעֵי לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי דְּאָמַר וָלָד רִאשׁוֹן קָרֵב, וְלַד שֵׁנִי אֵינוֹ קָרֵב!
Rava said: There are two refutations of this statement: One is that a person cannot achieve atonement through an item that comes from a transgression, and this offspring comes from a transgression, as its mother offspring was rendered a substitute, which is prohibited. And in addition, didn’t Rav Ḥananya teach a baraita in support of the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, who said that only the first offspring of a peace offering is sacrificed, but the second offspring, i.e., the offspring of the offspring, is not sacrificed? Here too, the offspring of a substitute is considered like the second offspring, as it is two stages removed from the original offering.
אֶלָּא, אִי אִיתְּמַר, הָכִי אִיתְּמַר: אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: מַחְלוֹקֶת קוֹדֶם כַּפָּרָה, אֲבָל לְאַחַר כַּפָּרָה — הוּא עַצְמוֹ קָרֵב עוֹלָה.
Rather, if it was stated, it was stated like this: Rav Naḥman says that Rabba bar Avuh says: The dispute between Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis with regard to the offspring of a substitute applies only before atonement has been achieved,as Rabbi Eliezer holds that it is left to die, due to a concern that it might be sacrificed as a guilt offering, whereas the Rabbis say that it is left to graze, as there is no concern that it will be brought as a guilt offering. But after the original guilt offering is sacrificed and atonement has been achieved, everyone agrees that even the offspring itself is sacrificed as a burnt offering, as there is no further concern that it might be sacrificed as a guilt offering.
וְהָתָנֵי רַב חֲנַנְיָא לְסַיּוֹעֵי לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי! קַשְׁיָא.
The Gemara asks: But didn’t Rav Ḥananya teach a baraita in support of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi that the second offspring is not sacrificed? How, then, can the offspring of the substitute be sacrificed, as it too should be treated like the second offspring? The Gemara concedes: That is difficult.
בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי אָבִין בַּר חִיָּיא מֵרַבִּי אָבִין בַּר כָּהֲנָא: הִפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם, בְּנָהּ מַהוּ שֶׁיִּקְרַב לְעוֹלָה? וְתִיפְשׁוֹט לֵיהּ מִדְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא, דְּאָמַר: מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. לָא שְׁמִיעַ לֵיהּ.
§ Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya inquired of Rabbi Avin bar Kahana: If one designated a female animal as a guilt offering and it gave birth to a male, what is the halakha with regard to whether its offspring is sacrificed as a burnt offering? The Gemara questions the necessity of this inquiry: And let him resolve the inquiry from the statement of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, who said that Rabbi Elazar concedes that if one designates a female animal as a guilt offering, the offspring is not sacrificed as a guilt offering, as there is no guilt offering status for animals that are the same sex as the mother, and likewise it is not sacrificed as a burnt offering, as the mother was designated as a guilt offering. The Gemara answers: Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya never heard that statement of Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina.
מַאי אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּנָהּ קָרֵב עוֹלָה. הַאי מַאי? עַד כַּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אֶלָּא מַפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָה, דְּאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלָה עַל אִמּוֹ, אֲבָל גַּבֵּי אָשָׁם דְּלֵיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלָה עַל אִמּוֹ — אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מוֹדֶה!
The Gemara returns to the inquiry of Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya: What is the halakha? Rabbi Avin bar Kahana said to Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya: Its offspring is sacrificed as a burnt offering. Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya challenges his response: What is this? Rabbi Elazar says in the mishna (18b) that the offspring itself is offered as a burnt offering only when he designates a female animal as a burnt offering and then it gives birth to a male, due to the fact that there is burnt offering status for a bird that is the same sex as its mother. But with regard to a female animal that was designated as a guilt offering and subsequently gave birth to a male, where there is no guilt offering status for animals that are the same sex as its mother, even Rabbi Eliezer concedes that its offspring is not sacrificed at all.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, לָאו מִשּׁוּם דְּשֵׁם עוֹלֶה עַל אִמּוֹ, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דַּחֲזֵי לְהַקְרָבָה, וְהָא נָמֵי חֲזֵי לְהַקְרָבָה.
Rabbi Avin bar Kahana said to him in response: The reason for the statement of Rabbi Elazar, that the offspring of a female animal designated as a burnt offering is sacrificed as a burnt offering, is not because there is burnt offering status for an animal that is the same sex as its mother, but rather because it is fit to be sacrificed upon the altar, and this offspring of the female animal designated as a guilt offering is also fit to be sacrificed.
אֵיתִיבֵיהּ: וְלָדָן וְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף כׇּל הָעוֹלָם יָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלָה — בִּדְמֵיהֶן — אִין,
Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya raised an objection to Rabbi Avin bar Kahana from the mishna: Rabbi Elazar says that in the case of the offspring of a female animal that was designated as a guilt offering or the offspring of the substitute of a guilt offering, and the offspring of their offspring until the end of all time, they graze until they become blemished, and then they are sold, and the owner brings an individual burnt offering with the money received for their sale. The Gemara infers: With the money received for their sale, yes, he brings a burnt offering,
Follow 
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
Zevahim 37: Different Interpretations: Meaning and Reading
10.21.2025 | כ״ט בתשרי תשפ״ו
Din & Daf: Kodshei Kodashim vs. Kodashim Kalim – What’s the Difference?
Dr. Elana Stein Hain
10.21.2025 | כ״ט בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevachim Daf 22-29 – Daf Yomi: One Week at a Time
Dr. Tamara Spitz
10.20.2025 | כ״ח בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 36: Invalid Offerings
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.20.2025 | כ״ח בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 35: A Fetus, Eggs, and the Separation of Animals
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.19.2025 | כ״ז בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 34: Pouring and Disposing of the Dregs
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.19.2025 | כ״ז בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 33: The Heavy Laying on of Hands
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.17.2025 | כ״ה בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 31: It’s a Measure of Time: Half a Loaf of Bread
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.16.2025 | כ״ד בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 32: The Surprising Leniencies and Leeway of Sacrifices
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.16.2025 | כ״ד בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 30: An Olive’s Measure of Intent
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.15.2025 | כ״ג בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 29: More Ways to Offer Offerings Right
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.13.2025 | כ״א בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 28: Beyond Place, Beyond Time
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.12.2025 | כ׳ בתשרי תשפ״ו
Zevahim 27: Hindrances to Atonement
Anne Gordon and Yardaena Osband
10.12.2025 | כ׳ בתשרי תשפ״ו
A Daf Of Their Own –Schita By a Woman
Rabbanit Shira Marili Mirvis and Rabbanit Hamutal Shoval
10.12.2025 | כ׳ בתשרי תשפ״ו
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
It has been a pleasure keeping pace with this wonderful and scholarly group of women.
Janice Block
Beit Shemesh, Israel
I started learning Dec 2019 after reading “If all the Seas Were Ink”. I found
Daily daf sessions of Rabbanit Michelle in her house teaching, I then heard about the siyum and a new cycle starting wow I am in! Afternoon here in Sydney, my family and friends know this is my sacred time to hide away to live zoom and learn. Often it’s hard to absorb and relate then a gem shines touching my heart.
Dianne Kuchar
Dover Heights, Australia
When we heard that R. Michelle was starting daf yomi, my 11-year-old suggested that I go. Little did she know that she would lose me every morning from then on. I remember standing at the Farbers’ door, almost too shy to enter. After that first class, I said that I would come the next day but couldn’t commit to more. A decade later, I still look forward to learning from R. Michelle every morning.
Ruth Leah Kahan
Ra’anana, Israel
I started learning Daf in Jan 2020 with Brachot b/c I had never seen the Jewish people united around something so positive, and I wanted to be a part of it. Also, I wanted to broaden my background in Torah Shebal Peh- Maayanot gave me a great gemara education, but I knew that I could hold a conversation in most parts of tanach but almost no TSB. I’m so thankful for Daf and have gained immensely.
Meira Shapiro
NJ, United States
I started learning Daf Yomi inspired by תָּפַסְתָּ מְרוּבֶּה לֹא תָּפַסְתָּ, תָּפַסְתָּ מוּעָט תָּפַסְתָּ. I thought I’d start the first page, and then see. I was swept up into the enthusiasm of the Hadran Siyum, and from there the momentum kept building. Rabbanit Michelle’s shiur gives me an anchor, a connection to an incredible virtual community, and an energy to face whatever the day brings.
Medinah Korn
בית שמש, Israel
I heard about the syium in January 2020 & I was excited to start learning then the pandemic started. Learning Daf became something to focus on but also something stressful. As the world changed around me & my family I had to adjust my expectations for myself & the world. Daf Yomi & the Hadran podcast has been something I look forward to every day. It gives me a moment of centering & Judaism daily.
Talia Haykin
Denver, United States
At almost 70 I am just beginning my journey with Talmud and Hadran. I began not late, but right when I was called to learn. It is never too late to begin! The understanding patience of staff and participants with more experience and knowledge has been fabulous. The joy of learning never stops and for me. It is a new life, a new light, a new depth of love of The Holy One, Blessed be He.
Deborah Hoffman-Wade
Richmond, CA, United States
I began my journey two years ago at the beginning of this cycle of the daf yomi. It has been an incredible, challenging experience and has given me a new perspective of Torah Sh’baal Peh and the role it plays in our lives
linda kalish-marcus
Efrat, Israel
I started my journey on the day I realized that the Siyum was happening in Yerushalayim and I was missing out. What? I told myself. How could I have not known about this? How can I have missed out on this opportunity? I decided that moment, I would start Daf Yomi and Nach Yomi the very next day. I am so grateful to Hadran. I am changed forever because I learn Gemara with women. Thank you.
Linda Brownstein
Mitspe, Israel
My first Talmud class experience was a weekly group in 1971 studying Taanit. In 2007 I resumed Talmud study with a weekly group I continue learning with. January 2020, I was inspired to try learning Daf Yomi. A friend introduced me to Daf Yomi for Women and Rabbanit Michelle Farber, I have kept with this program and look forward, G- willing, to complete the entire Shas with Hadran.
Lorri Lewis
Palo Alto, CA, United States
Shortly after the death of my father, David Malik z”l, I made the commitment to Daf Yomi. While riding to Ben Gurion airport in January, Siyum HaShas was playing on the radio; that was the nudge I needed to get started. The “everyday-ness” of the Daf has been a meaningful spiritual practice, especial after COVID began & I was temporarily unable to say Kaddish at daily in-person minyanim.
Lisa S. Malik
Wynnewood, United States
It’s hard to believe it has been over two years. Daf yomi has changed my life in so many ways and has been sustaining during this global sea change. Each day means learning something new, digging a little deeper, adding another lens, seeing worlds with new eyes. Daf has also fostered new friendships and deepened childhood connections, as long time friends have unexpectedly become havruta.
Joanna Rom
Northwest Washington, United States
I am a Reform rabbi and took Talmud courses in rabbinical school, but I knew there was so much more to learn. It felt inauthentic to serve as a rabbi without having read the entire Talmud, so when the opportunity arose to start Daf Yomi in 2020, I dove in! Thanks to Hadran, Daf Yomi has enriched my understanding of rabbinic Judaism and deepened my love of Jewish text & tradition. Todah rabbah!
Rabbi Nicki Greninger
California, United States
I started learning when my brother sent me the news clip of the celebration of the last Daf Yomi cycle. I was so floored to see so many women celebrating that I wanted to be a part of it. It has been an enriching experience studying a text in a language I don’t speak, using background knowledge that I don’t have. It is stretching my learning in unexpected ways, bringing me joy and satisfaction.
Jodi Gladstone
Warwick, Rhode Island, United States
After experiences over the years of asking to join gemara shiurim for men and either being refused by the maggid shiur or being the only women there, sometimes behind a mechitza, I found out about Hadran sometime during the tail end of Masechet Shabbat, I think. Life has been much better since then.
Madeline Cohen
London, United Kingdom
I decided to learn one masechet, Brachot, but quickly fell in love and never stopped! It has been great, everyone is always asking how it’s going and chering me on, and my students are always making sure I did the day’s daf.
Yafit Fishbach
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
I started learning Jan 2020 when I heard the new cycle was starting. I had tried during the last cycle and didn’t make it past a few weeks. Learning online from old men didn’t speak to my soul and I knew Talmud had to be a soul journey for me. Enter Hadran! Talmud from Rabbanit Michelle Farber from a woman’s perspective, a mother’s perspective and a modern perspective. Motivated to continue!
Keren Carter
Brentwood, California, United States
Years ago, I attended the local Siyum HaShas with my high school class. It was inspiring! Through that cycle and the next one, I studied masekhtot on my own and then did “daf yomi practice.” The amazing Hadran Siyum HaShas event firmed my resolve to “really do” Daf Yomi this time. It has become a family goal. We’ve supported each other through challenges, and now we’re at the Siyum of Seder Moed!
Elisheva Brauner
Jerusalem, Israel
In January 2020, my chevruta suggested that we “up our game. Let’s do Daf Yomi” – and she sent me the Hadran link. I lost my job (and went freelance), there was a pandemic, and I am still opening the podcast with my breakfast coffee, or after Shabbat with popcorn. My Aramaic is improving. I will need a new bookcase, though.
Rhondda May
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
When I was working and taking care of my children, learning was never on the list. Now that I have more time I have two different Gemora classes and the nach yomi as well as the mishna yomi daily.
Shoshana Shinnar
Jerusalem, Israel
Temurah 20
וּלְפִסְחוֹ וְלַאֲשָׁמוֹ — עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה.
or for his Paschal offering or for his guilt offering, although these offerings are brought only from male animals, it is still consecrated with inherent sanctity. Therefore, if one exchanges for it a non-sacred animal, he renders that animal a substitute, which is consecrated with the same sanctity as the original animal.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לְעוֹלָתוֹ — עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה, לְפִסְחוֹ וְלַאֲשָׁמוֹ — אֵין עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה.
Rabbi Shimon disagrees with the Sages and says: The halakha is not the same in all these cases. Granted, if he consecrates a female animal for his burnt offering, it renders the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute, as there is burnt offering status for female birds. For this reason it is consecrated with inherent sanctity and can be sold only after it has become blemished. But if he consecrates a female animal for his Paschal offering or for his guilt offering it is not consecrated with inherent sanctity, and it may be sold even without a blemish. Therefore, it does not render the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute.
שֶׁאֵין לְךָ דָּבָר עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה, אֶלָּא הָרוֹעֶה לְהִסְתָּאֵב.
This ruling is based upon the principle that no animal renders the non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute except for an animal that has inherent sanctity, which means that even if it may not be sacrificed, it must still be left to graze in order to become blemished, after which it is sold, and the proceeds from the sale are used to purchase a fit offering.
אָמַר רַבִּי: אֵין אֲנִי רוֹאֶה דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בַּפֶּסַח, הוֹאִיל וּמוֹתַר הַפֶּסַח קָרֵב שְׁלָמִים.
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says, with regard to this dispute between Rabbi Shimon and the first tanna: I do not agree with the statement of Rabbi Shimon with regard to the Paschal offering, that a non-sacred animal exchanged for a female which was designated for a Paschal offering does not become consecrated as a substitute. I disagree, since a leftover Paschal offering is sacrificed after Passover as a peace offering, and a peace offering is brought even from female animals. Therefore, a female animal that was designated for a Paschal offering should be consecrated with inherent sanctity, as there is peace offering status for female animals. It should not be sold unless it has a blemish, and it should render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute.
וְלֵימָא: אֵין אֲנִי רוֹאֶה דְּבָרָיו שֶׁל רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בְּאָשָׁם, הוֹאִיל וּמוֹתַר אָשָׁם קָרֵב עוֹלָה! רַבִּי סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבָּנַן, דְּאָמְרִי: מוֹתָרוֹת לְנִדְבַת צִיבּוּר אָזְלִי, וְאֵין תְּמוּרָה בְּצִבּוּר.
The Gemara clarifies the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: And let him also say: I do not agree with the statement of Rabbi Shimon with regard to a guilt offering, for the same reason that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi disagrees with regard to the Paschal offering, since a leftover guilt offering is sacrificed as a burnt offering, and a bird burnt offering is brought even from female animals. Therefore, a female animal designated as a guilt offering should be consecrated with inherent sanctity, and it should render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. The Gemara explains: Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, who say: Leftover guilt offerings are used for communal gift offerings, i.e., they are sold and the money is used to purchase communal gift offerings, and a substitute cannot be designated for a communal offering.
קָא סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ, הַיְינוּ טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן גַּבֵּי מַפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָתוֹ, מִשּׁוּם הָכִי עוֹשָׂה תְּמוּרָה, דְּהָאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלֶה עָלֶיהָ גַּבֵּי עוֹלַת הָעוֹף.
§ The Gemara analyzes the opinion of Rabbi Shimon in the baraita: It might enter your mind to say that this is the reason for the ruling of Rabbi Shimon with regard to one who designates a female animal for his burnt offering: One renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute due to that reason, that it has burnt offering status because of the case of a bird burnt offering, which may be brought as a female.
אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה, בְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ פָּרָה לְפָרוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָאִיכָּא פָּרַת חַטָּאת! קׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת הוּא, וְקׇדְשֵׁי בֶּדֶק הַבַּיִת לָא עָבְדִי תְּמוּרָה.
But if that is so, in the case of a High Priest who designated a female cow instead of his male bull that he is obligated to bring as a sin offering on Yom Kippur, it should be sanctified with regard to rendering a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. Here too, the status of a sin offering is upon it, as the red heifer of purification is similar to a sin offering and is female. The Gemara answers: The red heifer is not consecrated with inherent sanctity, as it is not sacrificed upon the altar; rather, it is consecrated for Temple maintenance, and items consecrated for Temple maintenance do not render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for them a substitute.
יָחִיד שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ שָׂעִיר לִשְׂעִירָתוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָאִיכָּא שְׂעִיר נָשִׂיא! אִי נָמֵי, נָשִׂיא שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ שְׂעִירָה לִשְׂעִירוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָא יָחִיד מַפְרִישׁ שְׂעִירָה!
The Gemara objects: According to Rabbi Shimon, if an individual, who is obligated to bring a female animal as a sin offering, designated a male goat instead of his female goat, it should be sanctified with inherent sanctity with regard to rendering a substitute, as it has sin offering status, due to the case of the male goat brought as a sin offering by the king. Alternatively, if a king, who is obligated to bring a male animal as a sin offering, designated a female goat instead of his male goat, it should be sanctified with inherent sanctity with regard to rendering a substitute, since here too it has sin offering status, as an individual designates a female goat as a sin offering. Therefore, Rabbi Shimon should have stated that these animals render non-sacred animals exchanged for them consecrated as substitutes.
הָנֵי תְּרֵי גּוּפֵי נִינְהוּ.
The Gemara explains: Neither a female goat brought as a sin offering by a king nor a male goat brought as a sin offering by an individual are considered to have sin offering status. The reason is that these, the king and an individual, are two distinct bodies, and the status of an offering can be conferred only when such an offering is brought by people of the same status.
חָטְאוּ עַד שֶׁלֹּא נִתְמַנּוּ, כִּי מַפְרֵישׁ שָׂעִיר לִשְׂעִירָתוֹ — תִּיקְדּוֹשׁ, דְּהָא אִילּוּ חָטָא הַשְׁתָּא — בַּר אֵיתוֹיֵי שָׂעִיר הוּא! הָא לָא חָטָא — לָא אִיחַיַּיב בְּשָׂעִיר.
The Gemara objects: If so, then in a case where an individual sinned and is obligated to bring a female goat as a sin offering prior to being appointed as king, and he did not designate an animal as his offering before his appointment, if he designates a male goat instead of his female goat following his appointment, it should be sanctified with inherent sanctity with regard to substitution. In this situation, it should have sin offering status, as, if he sinned now, he is obligated to bring a male goat. The Gemara explains: This is not correct, as he did not sin when he was a king, and therefore was not actually obligated to bring a male goat, but a female goat.
אִי הָכִי, הָכָא נָמֵי, הָא לָאו עוֹלַת הָעוֹף קָמַיְיתֵי!
The Gemara asks: If so, that the individual’s appointment as king does not give sin offering status to the male goat designated as a sin offering for a sin committed prior to his appointment, here too, one should say that a female animal designated for a burnt offering does not have burnt offering status, as the person is not a poor leper, and therefore he does not bring a bird burnt offering. Why, then, does Rabbi Shimon maintain that such an animal renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute?
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, דִּתְנַן: ״הֲרֵי עָלַי עוֹלָה״ — יָבִיא כֶּבֶשׂ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: אוֹ תּוֹר אוֹ בְּנֵי יוֹנָה.
The Gemara explains: The baraita is not referring to an obligatory burnt offering but rather to a voluntary burnt offering, and Rabbi Shimon holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, who says that anyone, even a wealthy man, can bring a bird if he vows to bring a burnt offering. As we learned in a mishna (Menaḥot 107a) that one who says: It is incumbent upon me to bring a burnt offering, without specifying which animal, brings a lamb, which is the smallest animal that a wealthy man can bring as a burnt offering. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: He may even bring a dove or pigeons as a bird burnt offering.
תְּנַן הָתָם: הַמַּקְדִּישׁ נְכָסָיו, וְהָיָה בָּהֶן בְּהֵמָה רְאוּיָה לְגַבֵּי מִזְבֵּחַ, זְכָרִים וּנְקֵבוֹת.
§ The Gemara continues to discuss Rabbi Shimon’s opinion in the baraita: We learned in a mishna elsewhere (Shekalim 4:7): In the case of one who consecrates all his possessions without specifying for what purpose, and among them there is an animal that is suitable to be sacrificed on the altar, or multiple such animals that are males and females, what should be done with them?
רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: זְכָרִים יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים, וּדְמֵיהֶן יִפְּלוּ עִם שְׁאָר נְכָסִים לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת.
Rabbi Eliezer says: Since he did not specify otherwise, everything is consecrated for Temple maintenance. Therefore, any males should be sold for the needs of burnt offerings, i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as burnt offerings. And any females, as they cannot be brought as burnt offerings, should be sold for the needs of peace offerings, i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as such. And their monetary value that is received from their sale is allocated with the rest of his property for Temple maintenance.
רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר: זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים, וְיָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלוֹת, וּשְׁאָר נְכָסִים יִפְּלוּ לְבֶדֶק הַבַּיִת.
Rabbi Yehoshua says: Although he did not specify for what purpose he consecrated his possessions, it may be assumed that he intended the animals to be consecrated as burnt offerings. Therefore, any males should themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, and any females, since they cannot be brought as burnt offerings, should be sold for the needs of peace offerings, i.e., to individuals who will sacrifice them as such, and their monetary value that is received from their sale should be used to purchase and bring burnt offerings. And according to both opinions, the rest of the property, which is not suitable for sacrificial use, is allocated for Temple maintenance.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ דְּאָמַר זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, וּנְקֵבוֹת הֵיכִי (מקרבן) [קָרְבָן] שְׁלָמִים? הָא מִכֹּחַ קְדוּשָּׁה דְּחוּיָּיה קָאָתְיָין!
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: According to the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua, who said that any males should themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, as that was the intention of the one who consecrated them, how can the buyers sacrifice the females as peace offerings? He explains the difficulty: Their status stems from deferred sanctity, as they were consecrated to be burnt offerings, and a female that was designated as a burnt offering is not sacrificed upon the altar, but instead is left to graze until it becomes blemished and is then sold.
לִישָּׁנָא אַחְרִינָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא לְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מִדְּקָאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ זְכָרִים עַצְמָן יִקְרְבוּ עוֹלוֹת, לְמֵימְרָא דִּקְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף אַקְדְּשִׁינְהוּ? אִי הָכִי, נְקֵבוֹת אַמַּאי יִמָּכְרוּ לְצׇרְכֵי שְׁלָמִים? בָּעֲיָא רְעִיָּיה!
The Gemara cites another version of this statement: Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said to Rabbi Yoḥanan: From the fact that Rabbi Yehoshua said that any males should themselves be sacrificed as burnt offerings, is this to say that he consecrated them with inherent sanctity? If so, why are the females sold for the needs of peace offerings? Since they were consecrated as burnt offerings, it is required that they be left to graze until they become blemished.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ סָבַר לַהּ כְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּאָמַר: כֹּל מִידֵּי דְּלָא חֲזֵי לֵיהּ לְגוּפֵיהּ — לָא נָחֲתָא לֵיהּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף. דִּתְנַן, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: תִּמָּכֵר שֶׁלֹּא בְּמוּם, וְאָמְרִינַן דְּטַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן — כֵּיוָן דְּלָא חַזְיָא נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם, לָא נָחֲתָא לֵיהּ קְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף.
Rabbi Yoḥanan said to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba: Rabbi Yehoshua holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon, who said with regard to anything that is not fit to be sacrificed itself upon the altar that inherent sanctity does not descend upon it. As we learned in the mishna that Rabbi Shimon says: If one designated a female for a guilt offering, for which one must bring a male, it may be sold without a blemish, and a guilt offering is purchased with the money received for its sale. And we say that the reason of Rabbi Shimon is that as a female animal is not fit to be sacrificed as a guilt offering, inherent sanctity does not descend upon it.
אֵימוֹר דְּאָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן גַּבֵּי נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם,
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba objected to Rabbi Yoḥanan: You can say that Rabbi Shimon expressed his opinion specifically with regard to one who consecrates a female for a guilt offering,
דְּלֵיכָּא שֵׁם אָשָׁם עַל אִמּוֹ, אֲבָל גַּבֵּי נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָה דְּאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלָה עַל אִמּוֹ — אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מוֹדֶה!
where there is no guilt offering status for an animal that is the same sex as its mother, as a female guilt offering is never brought. But with regard to one who designates a female animal as a burnt offering, where there is burnt offering status for a bird that is the same sex as its mother, even Rabbi Shimon concedes that it has inherent sanctity, and therefore it should not be sold for the needs of a peace offering.
וְעוֹד, הָא שָׁמְעִינַן לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: לְעוֹלָתוֹ עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה!
In addition, another objection can be raised against the explanation of Rabbi Yoḥanan, as we have heard that Rabbi Shimon maintains that one who designates a female animal as a burnt offering renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. This indicates that it does have inherent sanctity with regard to this issue. Therefore, the question remains: How can the buyers sacrifice the females as peace offerings, when their status stems from deferred sanctity?
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ סָבַר לֵיהּ כְּאִידַּךְ תַּנָּא אַלִּיבָּא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אַף לְעוֹלָתוֹ אֵין עוֹשֶׂה תְּמוּרָה.
Rabbi Yoḥanan said to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba in response: I meant that Rabbi Yehoshua holds in accordance with the interpretation of the other tanna with regard to the opinion of Rabbi Shimon. As it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Shimon ben Yehuda says in the name of Rabbi Shimon: Even one who consecrates a female as his burnt offering does not render a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for it a substitute. Even though there is burnt offering status for female birds, a female animal consecrated as a burnt offering does not have inherent sanctity. Therefore, it is sold and sacrificed as a peace offering, and its status is not considered to stem from deferred sanctity.
מַתְנִי׳ תְּמוּרַת אָשָׁם, וְלַד תְּמוּרָה, וְלָדָן וְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף כׇּל הָעוֹלָם — יִרְעוּ עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֲבוּ, וְיִמָּכְרוּ, וְיִפְּלוּ (דָּמָיו) [דְּמֵיהֶן] לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָמוּתוּ. וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: יָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהּ עוֹלוֹת.
MISHNA: With regard to the substitute of a guilt offering, the offspring of that substitute, their offspring and the offspring of their offspring, until the end of all time, they are all left to graze until they become unfit, and then they are sold, and the money received for the sale is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Eliezer says: These animals are not left to graze; rather they are left to die. And Rabbi Elazar says: Communal gift offerings are not purchased with the money from the sale; rather, the owner should bring an individual burnt offering with the money received for its sale.
אָשָׁם שֶׁמֵּתוּ בְּעָלָיו, וְשֶׁכִּיפְּרוּ בְּעָלָיו — יִרְעוּ עַד שֶׁיִּסְתָּאֲבוּ, וְיִמָּכְרוּ, וְיִפְּלוּ דָּמָיו לִנְדָבָה. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: יָמוּתוּ. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: יָבִיא בְּדָמֶיהָ עוֹלָה.
These tanna’im similarly disagree about the following case: A guilt offering whose owner died, and a guilt offering that was lost and its owner gained atonement with another animal, graze until they become unfit, and then they are sold, and the money received for the sale is allocated for communal gift offerings. Rabbi Eliezer says: These animals are left to die. Rabbi Elazar says: The owner must bring an individual burnt offering with the money received for its sale.
וַהֲלֹא אַף נְדָבָה עוֹלָה הִיא, וּמָה בֵּין דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר לְדִבְרֵי חֲכָמִים? אֶלָּא, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא בָּאָה עוֹלָה — סוֹמֵךְ עָלֶיהָ, וּמֵבִיא נְסָכִים, וּנְסָכֶיהָ מִשֶּׁלּוֹ. אִם הָיָה כֹּהֵן — עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ שֶׁלּוֹ.
The mishna objects: But even according to the Rabbis, isn’t a gift offering also a burnt offering? And what then is the difference between the statement of Rabbi Elazar and the statement of the Rabbis? Rather, the Rabbis are referring to a communal burnt offering and Rabbi Elazar is referring to an individual burnt offering, and there are several differences between these two offerings: When the animal comes as an individual burnt offering, the owner places his hands upon it and brings the accompanying meal offering and libations, and its libations come from his own property. If the owner of the animal was a priest, the right to perform its Temple service and the right to its hide are his.
וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נְדָבָה — אֵינוֹ סוֹמֵךְ עָלֶיהָ, וְאֵינוֹ מֵבִיא עָלֶיהָ נְסָכִים, וּנְסָכֶיהָ מִשֶּׁל צִיבּוּר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא כֹּהֵן — עֲבוֹדָתָהּ וְעוֹרָהּ מִשֶּׁל אַנְשֵׁי מִשְׁמָר.
And when it is a communal gift offering, the owner of the animal that was sold does not place his hands upon it, as there is no placing of hands for communal offerings, and he does not bring its libations; rather, its libations are brought from the property of the community. Furthermore, although the owner of the animal that was sold is a priest, the right to perform its Temple service and the right to its hide are divided among the members of the priestly watch serving in the Temple that week.
גְּמָ׳ וּצְרִיכָא:
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that Rabbi Eliezer and the Sages disagreed about two cases, the substitute of a guilt offering and the halakha of a guilt offering whose owner died. The Gemara explains that both disputes are necessary.
דְּאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן אָשָׁם, בְּהָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר יָמוּתוּ, מִשּׁוּם דְּגָזַר לְאַחַר כַּפָּרָה אַטּוּ לִפְנֵי כַּפָּרָה.
As, had the tanna taught us the dispute only in the case of the guilt offering where the owner achieved atonement through another animal, I might have said that perhaps it is in this case alone that Rabbi Eliezer says that the animals are left to die. This would be because he holds that there is a rabbinic decree concerning what to do with a guilt offering following the owner having achieved atonement, due to the case of a guilt offering before the owner achieved atonement. If burnt offerings were brought with the money from the sale in a case where the owner already achieved atonement by means of another offering, people might mistakenly say that if a guilt offering was lost and another was designated in its place, there too the other animal is sold and burnt offerings are brought from the proceeds. In fact, in that case, as atonement has not yet been achieved, that money must actually be used for a guilt offering.
אֲבָל גַּבֵּי תְּמוּרַת אָשָׁם, וְלַד תְּמוּרָתָהּ, אֵימָא מוֹדֵי לְהוּ לְרַבָּנַן.
But with regard to the substitute of a guilt offering and the offspring of its substitute, which in any case are sent to graze, even if the owner did not achieve atonement with another animal, one might say that Rabbi Eliezer concedes to the Rabbis, as there is no need for such a decree.
וְאִי אַשְׁמְעִינַן הָתָם, בְּהָא קָאָמְרִי רַבָּנַן, אֲבָל גַּבֵּי אָשָׁם מוֹדוּ לֵיהּ לְרַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר — צְרִיכָא.
And had the tanna taught us the dispute only there, in the case of the substitute of a guilt offering and the offspring of the substitute, I might have said that perhaps it is only in this case that the Rabbis say the animals are sent to graze, as there is no reason for a decree. But with regard to the case of a guilt offering where the owners achieved atonement, one might say that they concede to Rabbi Eliezer that the animals are left to die, as a decree. Therefore, both cases are necessary.
אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: מַחְלוֹקֶת לְאַחַר כַּפָּרָה, אֲבָל לִפְנֵי כַּפָּרָה — דִּבְרֵי הַכֹּל הוּא עַצְמוֹ יִקְרַב אָשָׁם.
§ Rav Naḥman says that Rabba bar Avuh says: This dispute between Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis with regard to the offspring of a substitute applies only after atonement has been achieved, i.e., after the guilt offering has been sacrificed. But before atonement is achieved, and the consecrated animal and the substitute are both present, everyone agrees that even the offspring itself is sacrificed as a guilt offering, if the owner wishes.
אָמַר רָבָא: שְׁתֵּי תְּשׁוּבוֹת בַּדָּבָר, חֲדָא דְּאֵין אָדָם מִתְכַּפֵּר בְּדָבָר הַבָּא בַּעֲבֵירָה, וְעוֹד, הָתָנֵי רַב חֲנַנְיָא לְסַיּוֹעֵי לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי דְּאָמַר וָלָד רִאשׁוֹן קָרֵב, וְלַד שֵׁנִי אֵינוֹ קָרֵב!
Rava said: There are two refutations of this statement: One is that a person cannot achieve atonement through an item that comes from a transgression, and this offspring comes from a transgression, as its mother offspring was rendered a substitute, which is prohibited. And in addition, didn’t Rav Ḥananya teach a baraita in support of the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, who said that only the first offspring of a peace offering is sacrificed, but the second offspring, i.e., the offspring of the offspring, is not sacrificed? Here too, the offspring of a substitute is considered like the second offspring, as it is two stages removed from the original offering.
אֶלָּא, אִי אִיתְּמַר, הָכִי אִיתְּמַר: אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, אָמַר רַבָּה בַּר אֲבוּהּ: מַחְלוֹקֶת קוֹדֶם כַּפָּרָה, אֲבָל לְאַחַר כַּפָּרָה — הוּא עַצְמוֹ קָרֵב עוֹלָה.
Rather, if it was stated, it was stated like this: Rav Naḥman says that Rabba bar Avuh says: The dispute between Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis with regard to the offspring of a substitute applies only before atonement has been achieved,as Rabbi Eliezer holds that it is left to die, due to a concern that it might be sacrificed as a guilt offering, whereas the Rabbis say that it is left to graze, as there is no concern that it will be brought as a guilt offering. But after the original guilt offering is sacrificed and atonement has been achieved, everyone agrees that even the offspring itself is sacrificed as a burnt offering, as there is no further concern that it might be sacrificed as a guilt offering.
וְהָתָנֵי רַב חֲנַנְיָא לְסַיּוֹעֵי לְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי! קַשְׁיָא.
The Gemara asks: But didn’t Rav Ḥananya teach a baraita in support of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi that the second offspring is not sacrificed? How, then, can the offspring of the substitute be sacrificed, as it too should be treated like the second offspring? The Gemara concedes: That is difficult.
בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי אָבִין בַּר חִיָּיא מֵרַבִּי אָבִין בַּר כָּהֲנָא: הִפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְאָשָׁם, בְּנָהּ מַהוּ שֶׁיִּקְרַב לְעוֹלָה? וְתִיפְשׁוֹט לֵיהּ מִדְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא, דְּאָמַר: מוֹדֶה רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. לָא שְׁמִיעַ לֵיהּ.
§ Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya inquired of Rabbi Avin bar Kahana: If one designated a female animal as a guilt offering and it gave birth to a male, what is the halakha with regard to whether its offspring is sacrificed as a burnt offering? The Gemara questions the necessity of this inquiry: And let him resolve the inquiry from the statement of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina, who said that Rabbi Elazar concedes that if one designates a female animal as a guilt offering, the offspring is not sacrificed as a guilt offering, as there is no guilt offering status for animals that are the same sex as the mother, and likewise it is not sacrificed as a burnt offering, as the mother was designated as a guilt offering. The Gemara answers: Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya never heard that statement of Rabbi Yosei bar Ḥanina.
מַאי אֲמַר לֵיהּ: בְּנָהּ קָרֵב עוֹלָה. הַאי מַאי? עַד כַּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אֶלָּא מַפְרִישׁ נְקֵבָה לְעוֹלָה, דְּאִיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלָה עַל אִמּוֹ, אֲבָל גַּבֵּי אָשָׁם דְּלֵיכָּא שֵׁם עוֹלָה עַל אִמּוֹ — אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר מוֹדֶה!
The Gemara returns to the inquiry of Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya: What is the halakha? Rabbi Avin bar Kahana said to Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya: Its offspring is sacrificed as a burnt offering. Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya challenges his response: What is this? Rabbi Elazar says in the mishna (18b) that the offspring itself is offered as a burnt offering only when he designates a female animal as a burnt offering and then it gives birth to a male, due to the fact that there is burnt offering status for a bird that is the same sex as its mother. But with regard to a female animal that was designated as a guilt offering and subsequently gave birth to a male, where there is no guilt offering status for animals that are the same sex as its mother, even Rabbi Eliezer concedes that its offspring is not sacrificed at all.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר, לָאו מִשּׁוּם דְּשֵׁם עוֹלֶה עַל אִמּוֹ, אֶלָּא מִשּׁוּם דַּחֲזֵי לְהַקְרָבָה, וְהָא נָמֵי חֲזֵי לְהַקְרָבָה.
Rabbi Avin bar Kahana said to him in response: The reason for the statement of Rabbi Elazar, that the offspring of a female animal designated as a burnt offering is sacrificed as a burnt offering, is not because there is burnt offering status for an animal that is the same sex as its mother, but rather because it is fit to be sacrificed upon the altar, and this offspring of the female animal designated as a guilt offering is also fit to be sacrificed.
אֵיתִיבֵיהּ: וְלָדָן וְלַד וְלָדָן עַד סוֹף כׇּל הָעוֹלָם יָבִיא בִּדְמֵיהֶן עוֹלָה — בִּדְמֵיהֶן — אִין,
Rabbi Avin bar Ḥiyya raised an objection to Rabbi Avin bar Kahana from the mishna: Rabbi Elazar says that in the case of the offspring of a female animal that was designated as a guilt offering or the offspring of the substitute of a guilt offering, and the offspring of their offspring until the end of all time, they graze until they become blemished, and then they are sold, and the owner brings an individual burnt offering with the money received for their sale. The Gemara infers: With the money received for their sale, yes, he brings a burnt offering,
Follow
