Search

Yevamot 86

Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:

English
עברית
podcast placeholder

0:00
0:00




podcast placeholder

0:00
0:00




Summary

Presentation in PDF format

Today’s daf is sponsored by Don Nadel in loving memory of his mother Rhoda Nadel, Zisa Risa bat Aliya haCohen on her 25th yahrzeit.

The Mishna is based on the fact that a non-levite can’t eat maaser. This is according to Rabbi Meir’s opinion as found in a braita. From where does he derive this? What do the rabbis, who disagree with him, derive from that verse? The Gemara, however, questions the understanding that the Mishna is based on Rabbi Meir as that does not fit with the last case in the Mishna where a levite woman is engaged to a kohen or the reverse and the wife cannot eat either truma or maaser– the kohen should be allowed to eat maaser as all kohanim are also levites. Rav Sheshet explains the last line of the Mishna to mean something else – that she cannot give permission to a messenger to take truma from the maaser. Mar son of Rabana explained it differently – that she can’t collect the maaser in the granary. Does this fit with the two explanations for this issue in general – concerns for yichud in the granary or that she will continue to collect even once she is divorced? There is a debate between Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria about to whom the truma and maaser are given is brought – is maaser given only to the levi or can be given also to the kohen. They disagree on how to read the verse referring to levites – does that include kohanim or not? A story is brought about Rabbi Akiva who blocked Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria (who was a kohen) from taking maaser in a particular field by moving the entrance to the side where there was a cemetery. There is a debate among amoraim about why the levites were penalized and lost the rights to eat maaser in the time of Ezra. What was the reason for this? And to whom was the maaser given instead? How does this work with the story told about Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Elazar ben Azaria. The Mishna goes through a situation where a woman married men of different statuses and had children with each of them – at every given point in the story, can she eat truma, maaser or not? What happens when each of the children die? What is the situation if she was a daughter of a kohen?

 

Today’s daily daf tools:

Yevamot 86

תְּרוּמָה לְכֹהֵן, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לְלֵוִי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַתִּירוֹ לְכֹהֵן. מַתִּירוֹ?! מִכְּלָל דְּאִיכָּא מַאן דְּאָסַר? אֶלָּא אֵימָא: נוֹתְנוֹ אַף לְכֹהֵן.

Teruma is for a priest and the first tithe is for a Levite; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya permits it, i.e., the first tithe, to a priest, as he too is from the tribe of Levi. The Gemara is puzzled by this last statement: It says: Permits it. Does this prove by inference that there is one tanna that prohibits a priest from partaking of tithes? But a priest is also a Levite and cannot be considered a foreigner. Rather, say that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya meant that one may give it even to a priest. The tithe does not have to be handed to a Levite; one may choose to give it to a priest instead.

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר? אָמַר רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבָּה מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דִּגְמָרָא: ״כִּי אֶת מַעְשַׂר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָרִימוּ לַה׳ תְּרוּמָה״. מָה תְּרוּמָה אֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים, אַף מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן אָסוּר לְזָרִים. אִי מָה תְּרוּמָה חַיָּיבִין עָלָיו מִיתָה וָחוֹמֶשׁ — אַף מַעֲשֵׂר חַיָּיבִין עָלָיו מִיתָה וָחוֹמֶשׁ?

The Gemara inquires: What is the reason for Rabbi Meir’s opinion? Rav Aḥa, son of Rabba, said in the name of tradition that the verse states: “For the tithe of the children of Israel that they set apart as a teruma to the Lord, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance” (Numbers 18:24). From the fact that this verse calls the tithe “teruma,” we learn: Just as teruma is forbidden to foreigners, so too is the first tithe forbidden to foreigners, i.e., non-Levites. The Gemara asks: If so, is it true that just as with teruma, a foreigner who eats it is liable to receive the punishment of death at the hand of Heaven and to pay the additional fifth for it, so too, with regard to tithes, a foreigner who eats it should be liable for it to receive the punishment of death at the hand of Heaven and to pay the additional fifth?

אָמַר קְרָא: ״וּמֵתוּ בוֹ כִּי יְחַלְּלֻהוּ״, ״וְיָסַף חֲמִישִׁיתוֹ עָלָיו״. ״בּוֹ״ — וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר, ״עָלָיו״ — וְלֹא עַל מַעֲשֵׂר. וְרַבָּנַן, מָה תְּרוּמָה טוֹבֶלֶת, אַף מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָמֵי טוֹבֵל.

The Gemara answers that the verse states: “They will die through it if they profane it” (Leviticus 22:9), and a different verse states: “Then he shall add the fifth part thereof unto it” (Leviticus 22:14). A close reading of these verses shows that the Torah is emphasizing that the death penalty comes through it, teruma, and not through tithes, and that a fifth must be added to it, but not to tithes. The Gemara asks: And the Rabbis, who disagree with Rabbi Meir, how do they account for the comparison in the above verse? The Gemara answers: They would say it teaches that just as the requirement to separate teruma produces the status of forbidden untithed produce, so too the requirement to separate the first tithe also produces the status of forbidden untithed produce.

וְכִדְתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: יָכוֹל לֹא יְהֵא חַיָּיב אֶלָּא עַל טֶבֶל שֶׁלֹּא הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ כׇּל עִיקָּר. הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וְלֹא הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, וַאֲפִילּוּ מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, מִנַּיִן?

And this is as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Yosei says: One might have thought a person should be liable only for untithed produce from which no terumot or tithes have been separated at all, but if the great teruma has been separated from it and the first tithe has not been separated from it; or if the first tithe has been separated from it and the second tithe has not; or even if the poor man’s tithe, which is merely given to the poor and has no sanctity, has not been separated, from where is it derived that such produce also has the status of untithed produce?

תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכוֹל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ״, וּלְהַלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְאָכְלוּ בִשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְשָׂבֵעוּ״. מָה ״שְׁעָרֶיךָ״ הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן — מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, אַף ״שְׁעָרֶיךָ״ הָאָמוּר כָּאן — מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, וְאָמַר רַחֲמָנָא ״לֹא תוּכַל״.

The verse states: “You may not eat within your gates the tithe of your grain” (Deuteronomy 12:17), and below, with regard to the poor man’s tithe, it states: “That they may eat within your gates and be satisfied” (Deuteronomy 26:12). Just as “your gates” stated below is referring to the poor man’s tithe, so too “your gates” stated here is referring to the poor man’s tithe, and the Merciful One states in the Torah “you may not eat,” implying that it may be eaten only after separation.

וְאִי מֵהָתָם, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא לְלָאו, אֲבָל מִיתָה — לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

And if we had learned it only from there, I would say that it merely teaches a prohibition against partaking of untithed produce of this type, but the death penalty is not warranted. The comparison to teruma consequently teaches us that eating this type of untithed produce is also punishable by death at the hand of Heaven.

לִישָּׁנָא אַחֲרִינָא: מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן דְּטָבֵיל, מִדְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי נָפְקָא! אִי מֵהַהִיא, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא לְלָאו, אֲבָל מִיתָה — לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

A different version of this discussion presents it in the form of a question: Isn’t it the case that the halakha that failure to separate the first tithe creates the status of untithed produce is derived from the halakha that Rabbi Yosei taught? If so, there is no need for the exposition of the verse referring to tithes as teruma. The Gemara answers: If the proof was from that source alone, I would say that it is only prohibited by a prohibition but the death penalty is not warranted. He therefore teaches us that all the stringencies of untithed produce are in force.

בְּמַאי אוֹקֵימְתַּהּ — כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר, אֵימָא סֵיפָא: בַּת לֵוִי מְאוֹרֶסֶת לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְלֵוִי — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר, הָכָא מַאי זָרוּת אִיכָּא! אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: מַאי ״אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת״ דְּקָתָנֵי — אֵינָהּ נוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם.

§ The Gemara asks: In what manner did you establish the mishna? In accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir. But if so, say the latter clause: The daughter of a Levite betrothed to a priest and the daughter of a priest betrothed to a Levite may eat neither teruma nor tithe. Here, what foreignness is there that prohibits her from partaking of the tithe? Even according to the opinion that prohibits the first tithe to foreigners, this woman is a Levite on both sides. Rav Sheshet said: What is the meaning of: She may not eat, that the mishna teaches? It means that she may not give permission to others to separate the teruma from the tithe. As long as she is merely betrothed to a Levite, she may not appoint a messenger to set aside the teruma from the tithe on behalf of the Levite, as she is not yet his wife.

מִכְלָל דִּנְשׂוּאָה נוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת? אִין, וְהָתַנְיָא: ״וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם אַתֶּם וּבֵיתְכֶם״ — לִימֵּד עַל נְשׂוּאָה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנּוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם.

The Gemara asks: Is it to be concluded by inference that a married woman may give permission to separate teruma from the tithe? The Gemara answers: Yes, and isn’t it taught: “And you may eat it in any place, you and your households” (Numbers 18:31)? This teaches that an Israelite woman married to a Levite may give permission to another to separate teruma from the Levite’s tithe.

אַתָּה אוֹמֵר רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לֶאֱכוֹל? אָמְרַתְּ: תְּרוּמָה חֲמוּרָה אוֹכֶלֶת, מַעֲשֵׂר הַקַּל לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן?! אֶלָּא לִימֵּד עַל נְשׂוּאָה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנּוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם.

The baraita continues to discuss this halakha: Do you say she may give permission to separate teruma from the tithe, or perhaps it is only referring to eating? Say in response: If an Israelite woman married to a priest may partake of teruma, which is stringent, is it not all the more so true for tithe, which is lenient? Consequently, there is no need to teach us this halakha. Rather, the verse teaches that an Israelite woman married to a Levite may give permission to another to separate teruma from the tithe.

מָר בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבְנָא אָמַר: לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִין לָהּ מַעֲשֵׂר בְּבֵית הַגְּרָנוֹת. הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מִשּׁוּם יִיחוּד, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מִשּׁוּם גְּרוּשָׁה, גְּרוּשָׁה בַּת לֵוִי מִי לָא אָכְלָה בְּמַעֲשֵׂר?!

Mar, son of Rabbana, said: The mishna is not teaching that the daughter of a Levite who was betrothed to a priest may not partake of tithe, but rather it is coming to say that we do not distribute tithe to her in the granary. The Gemara asks: This works out well according to the one who says that the reason for the decree against distributing teruma to a woman in the granary is due to the prohibition (Yevamot 100a) against a woman being alone with a strange man in the granary, which is a secluded place, as this concern applies equally to the case here. But according to the one who says that the Sages prohibited this practice due to concern that the woman might be a divorcée, who is no longer entitled to teruma, this concern should not apply to the daughter of a Levite. Does she not partake of tithe on her own account, even after she is divorced?

וְלִיטַעְמָיךְ, גְּרוּשָׁה בַּת כֹּהֵן מִי לָא אָכְלָה בִּתְרוּמָה? אֶלָּא גְּזֵירָה מִשּׁוּם גְּרוּשָׁה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל.

The Gemara refutes this argument: And according to your reasoning that rejects the explanation of Mar, son of Rabbana, with regard to the daughter of a Levite, does a divorcée who is the daughter of a priest not partake of teruma? Why should the daughter of a priest married to a priest not receive teruma in a granary? Rather, this is a rabbinic decree that was enacted primarily due to a priest’s divorcée who is the daughter of a non-priest, as she may no longer partake of teruma after her divorce. They also applied this decree to the daughter of a priest divorced from a priest. For this reason, they also decreed against a Levite woman receiving a portion in the granary.

אִי הָכִי, מַאי אִירְיָא מְאוֹרֶסֶת? אֲפִילּוּ נְשׂוּאָה נָמֵי! אַיְּידֵי דִּתְנָא רֵישָׁא מְאוֹרֶסֶת, תְּנָא נָמֵי סֵיפָא מְאוֹרֶסֶת.

The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, why specifically one who was betrothed; the same would hold true even for a married woman as well. The Gemara answers: There is no difference between them in this regard, but since the tanna taught in the first clause of the mishna: Betrothed, he also taught in the latter clause: Betrothed, although the halakha in the latter clause does not apply exclusively to a betrothed woman.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: תְּרוּמָה לְכֹהֵן, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לְלֵוִי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר:

§ The Sages taught: Teruma is given to a priest, and the first tithe is given only to a Levite; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says:

לְכֹהֵן. לְכֹהֵן וְלֹא לְלֵוִי? אֵימָא אַף לְכֹהֵן. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא — דִּכְתִיב: ״וְאֶל הַלְוִיִּם תְּדַבֵּר וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם״, בִּלְוִיִּם קָא מִשְׁתַּעֵי קְרָא. וְאִידַּךְ כִּדְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה מְקוֹמוֹת נִקְרְאוּ כֹּהֲנִים לְוִיִּם, וְזֶה אֶחָד מֵהֶם: ״וְהַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם בְּנֵי צָדוֹק״.

The first tithe is given to a priest. The Gemara is puzzled: To a priest and not to a Levite? But the Torah expressly states that the first tithe is for Levites. The Gemara answers: Say he means it can be given also to a priest. The Gemara clarifies: What is the reason for Rabbi Akiva’s opinion? As it is written: “You shall speak to the Levites, and you shall say to them” (Numbers 18:26). Clearly, the verse speaks of Levites, not priests. And the other tanna, Rabbi Eliezer, maintains in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: In twenty-four places in the Bible the priests are called Levites. And this is one of those verses: “And the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok” (Ezekiel 44:15).

וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הָכָא לָא מָצֵית אָמְרַתְּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם״, מִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְאוֹכְלוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם. יָצָא כֹּהֵן, שֶׁאֵין יָכוֹל לְאוֹכְלוֹ בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת. וְאִידַּךְ? כֹּל הֵיכָא דְּבָעֵי — דְּלָא בָּעֵי חוֹמָה, וְאִי אָכֵיל לֵיהּ בְּטוּמְאַת הַגּוּף — לָא לָקֵי.

And Rabbi Akiva replies: Here you cannot say the verse is referring to priests, as it is written: “And you may eat it in any place” (Numbers 18:31), from which we learn that the tithe is given to one who can eat it in any place. This excludes a priest, who cannot eat it in a cemetery, as he is prohibited from entering such a place. Consequently, the verse cannot be referring to priests. And the other Sage, Rabbi Eliezer, how does he respond to this claim? He explains the verse as follows: He may eat it anywhere that he wishes, that is, in any city, as it does not require the wall of Jerusalem, like the second tithe. And we further learn from here that if he eats it in a state of bodily impurity he is not flogged. Consequently, we can say that tithe may be eaten by priests in any place.

הָהִיא גִּינְּתָא דַּהֲוָה שָׁקֵיל רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן מִינַּהּ. אֲזַל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אַהְדְּרֵיהּ לְפִתְחָא לְבֵי קִבְרֵי. אֲמַר: עֲקִיבָא בְּתַרְמִילוֹ, וַאֲנָא חָיֵי?

The Gemara relates: There was a certain garden from which Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, a priest, would take the first tithe, in accordance with his opinion that priests are also entitled to this tithe. Rabbi Akiva went, closed up the garden, and changed its entrance so that it would be facing toward the cemetery, to prevent Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya from entering the garden. Rabbi Elazar said in the form of a lighthearted exaggeration: Akiva, a former shepherd, comes with his satchel, but I have to live; from where will I receive my livelihood if I cannot claim the first tithe? Rabbi Elazar was actually a very wealthy man and did not need the produce from this garden. However, his point was that Rabbi Akiva acted in order to stop him from receiving something that he felt was rightfully his.

אִיתְּמַר, מִפְּנֵי מָה קָנְסוּ לְוִיִּם בְּמַעֲשֵׂר? פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן וְסָבַיָּא. חַד אָמַר: שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא. וְחַד אָמַר: כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּסְמְכוּ כֹּהֲנִים עָלָיו בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתָן.

§ It was stated that amora’im disagreed about the following question: For what reason did the Sages penalize the Levites with regard to their tithe, by declaring that it may be given to priests as well? Rabbi Yonatan and the Elders who were with him disagree with regard to this matter. One said it was because they did not ascend, i.e., immigrate to the land of Israel, in the days of Ezra. And one said that it was not a penalty at all, but they gave the first tithe to the priests so that they could rely on it during their days of impurity. Because it is prohibited for priests to consume teruma while in a state of impurity, they would have had nothing to eat if they were dependent exclusively on teruma. It is permitted, however, to eat the tithe while impure.

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ — מִשּׁוּם הָכִי קַנְסִינְהוּ. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּסְמְכוּ עָלָיו כֹּהֲנִים בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתָן — מִשּׁוּם כֹּהֲנִים קַנְסִינְהוּ לַלְוִיִּם?! אֶלָּא כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא קְנָסָא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא. וְהָכָא בְּהָא קָמִיפַּלְגִי: מָר סָבַר: קְנָסָא לַעֲנִיִּים, וּמָר סָבַר: כֹּהֲנִים בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתָן — עֲנִיִּים נִינְהוּ.

The Gemara asks: Granted, according to the one who says it was because they did not ascend, we can understand that due to that reason they penalized the Levites by forcing them to share their tithe with the priests. But according to the one who says it was done so that the priests could rely on it during their days of impurity, should we penalize the Levites for the benefit of priests? Rather, everyone agrees that it was a penalty for the fact that they did not ascend in the days of Ezra, and here they disagree about this: One Sage holds that the penalty is that the tithe must be given to the poor, and one Sage holds that priests are classified as poor in the days of their impurity.

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר קְנָסָא לַעֲנִיִּים — מִשּׁוּם הָכִי אַהְדְּרֵיהּ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא לְפִתְחָא לְבֵי קִבְרֵי. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לְכֹהֲנִים, אַמַּאי אַהְדְּרֵיהּ לְפִתְחָא לְבֵי קִבְרֵי? הָכִי קָאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִי דְּקָא אָתֵית בְּתוֹרַת קְנָסָא — אִית לָךְ, וְאִי קָא אָתֵית בְּתוֹרַת חֲלוּקָּה — לֵית לָךְ.

The Gemara asks: Granted, according to the one who says that the penalty imposed on the Levites is that the tithe must be given to the poor, due to that reason Rabbi Akiva changed the garden entrance so that it would be facing toward the cemetery, as Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya was a wealthy man. But according to the one who says the tithe was given to the priests, why did he change the entrance so that it would be toward the cemetery? The Gemara answers: This is what he said to him, i.e., this is what he meant: If you come to receive the tithe by virtue of the penalty imposed on the Levites, you may have it, but if you come by the standard halakha of distribution, demanding your share with the Levites, you may not have the tithe. If the owner of the garden chooses to give it to you, you may accept it, but you may not take it yourself.

וּמְנָא לַן דְּלָא סְלִיקוּ בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא? דִּכְתִיב: ״וָאֶקְבְּצֵם אֶל הַנָּהָר הַבָּא עַל אַהֲוָא וַנַּחֲנֶה שָׁם יָמִים שְׁלֹשָׁה וָאָבִינָה בָעָם וּבַכֹּהֲנִים וּמִבְּנֵי לֵוִי לֹא מָצָאתִי שָׁם״. אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: בַּתְּחִלָּה לֹא הָיוּ מֵעֲמִידִים שׁוֹטְרִים אֶלָּא מִן הַלְוִיִּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְשׁוֹטְרִים הַלְוִיִּם לִפְנֵיכֶם״, עַכְשָׁיו אֵין מַעֲמִידִין שׁוֹטְרִים אֶלָּא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְשׁוֹטְרִים הָרַבִּים בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶם״.

The Gemara asks with regard to the penalty imposed on Levites: And from where do we derive that the Levites did not ascend in the days of Ezra? As it is written: “And I gathered them together to the river that runs to Ahava; and we encamped there for three days; and I viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi (Ezra 8:15). With regard to this, Rav Ḥisda said: Initially they would establish officers over the people only from among the Levites, as it states: “And the officers, the Levites, before you” (II Chronicles 19:11), but now they establish officers only from among the Israelites, as it is stated: And the officers of the many at your heads. This indicates that officers were appointed from: The many, meaning the largest group, ordinary Israelites.

מַתְנִי׳ בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּיסֵּת לְכֹהֵן — תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵּן — תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. נִיסֵּת לְלֵוִי — תֹּאכַל בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵּן — תֹּאכַל בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. נִיסֵּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵּן — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר.

MISHNA: An Israelite woman married to a priest may partake of teruma. If the priest died and she had a child from him, she may continue to partake of teruma. If she subsequently married a Levite, she may no longer partake of teruma but she may partake of the first tithe on his account. If he, too, died and she had a child from him, she may continue to partake of tithe on account of the child. If she then married an Israelite, she may partake of neither teruma nor tithe. If her Israelite husband died and she had a child from him, she still may partake of neither teruma nor tithe.

מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל — תֹּאכַל בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִלֵּוִי — תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר.

If her child from the Israelite also died, while her son from the Levite remained alive, she may partake of tithe on account of the Levite’s child. If her child from the Levite died, leaving her with a son from the priest, she may once again partake of teruma. If her child from the priest died as well, she may no longer partake of either teruma or tithe.

Today’s daily daf tools:

Delve Deeper

Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.

For the Beyond the Daf shiurim offered in Hebrew, see here.

New to Talmud?

Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you. 

The Hadran Women’s Tapestry

Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories. 

I am a Reform rabbi and took Talmud courses in rabbinical school, but I knew there was so much more to learn. It felt inauthentic to serve as a rabbi without having read the entire Talmud, so when the opportunity arose to start Daf Yomi in 2020, I dove in! Thanks to Hadran, Daf Yomi has enriched my understanding of rabbinic Judaism and deepened my love of Jewish text & tradition. Todah rabbah!

Rabbi Nicki Greninger
Rabbi Nicki Greninger

California, United States

Retirement and Covid converged to provide me with the opportunity to commit to daily Talmud study in October 2020. I dove into the middle of Eruvin and continued to navigate Seder Moed, with Rabannit Michelle as my guide. I have developed more confidence in my learning as I completed each masechet and look forward to completing the Daf Yomi cycle so that I can begin again!

Rhona Fink
Rhona Fink

San Diego, United States

What a great experience to learn with Rabbanit Michelle Farber. I began with this cycle in January 2020 and have been comforted by the consistency and energy of this process throughout the isolation period of Covid. Week by week, I feel like I am exploring a treasure chest with sparkling gems and puzzling antiquities. The hunt is exhilarating.

Marian Frankston
Marian Frankston

Pennsylvania, United States

The first month I learned Daf Yomi by myself in secret, because I wasn’t sure how my husband would react, but after the siyyum on Masechet Brachot I discovered Hadran and now sometimes my husband listens to the daf with me. He and I also learn mishnayot together and are constantly finding connections between the different masechtot.

Laura Warshawsky
Laura Warshawsky

Silver Spring, Maryland, United States

While vacationing in San Diego, Rabbi Leah Herz asked if I’d be interested in being in hevruta with her to learn Daf Yomi through Hadran. Why not? I had loved learning Gemara in college in 1971 but hadn’t returned. With the onset of covid, Daf Yomi and Rabbanit Michelle centered me each day. Thank-you for helping me grow and enter this amazing world of learning.
Meryll Page
Meryll Page

Minneapolis, MN, United States

A few years back, after reading Ilana Kurshan’s book, “If All The Seas Were Ink,” I began pondering the crazy, outlandish idea of beginning the Daf Yomi cycle. Beginning in December, 2019, a month before the previous cycle ended, I “auditioned” 30 different podcasts in 30 days, and ultimately chose to take the plunge with Hadran and Rabbanit Michelle. Such joy!

Cindy Dolgin
Cindy Dolgin

HUNTINGTON, United States

I started learning at the beginning of this Daf Yomi cycle because I heard a lot about the previous cycle coming to an end and thought it would be a good thing to start doing. My husband had already bought several of the Koren Talmud Bavli books and they were just sitting on the shelf, not being used, so here was an opportunity to start using them and find out exactly what was in them. Loving it!

Caroline Levison
Caroline Levison

Borehamwood, United Kingdom

My curiosity was peaked after seeing posts about the end of the last cycle. I am always looking for opportunities to increase my Jewish literacy & I am someone that is drawn to habit and consistency. Dinnertime includes a “Guess what I learned on the daf” segment for my husband and 18 year old twins. I also love the feelings of connection with my colleagues who are also learning.

Diana Bloom
Diana Bloom

Tampa, United States

I had tried to start after being inspired by the hadran siyum, but did not manage to stick to it. However, just before masechet taanit, our rav wrote a message to the shul WhatsApp encouraging people to start with masechet taanit, so I did! And this time, I’m hooked! I listen to the shiur every day , and am also trying to improve my skills.

Laura Major
Laura Major

Yad Binyamin, Israel

I attended the Siyum so that I could tell my granddaughter that I had been there. Then I decided to listen on Spotify and after the siyum of Brachot, Covid and zoom began. It gave structure to my day. I learn with people from all over the world who are now my friends – yet most of us have never met. I can’t imagine life without it. Thank you Rabbanit Michelle.

Emma Rinberg
Emma Rinberg

Raanana, Israel

I heard about the syium in January 2020 & I was excited to start learning then the pandemic started. Learning Daf became something to focus on but also something stressful. As the world changed around me & my family I had to adjust my expectations for myself & the world. Daf Yomi & the Hadran podcast has been something I look forward to every day. It gives me a moment of centering & Judaism daily.

Talia Haykin
Talia Haykin

Denver, United States

Margo
I started my Talmud journey in 7th grade at Akiba Jewish Day School in Chicago. I started my Daf Yomi journey after hearing Erica Brown speak at the Hadran Siyum about marking the passage of time through Daf Yomi.

Carolyn
I started my Talmud journey post-college in NY with a few classes. I started my Daf Yomi journey after the Hadran Siyum, which inspired both my son and myself.

Carolyn Hochstadter and Margo Kossoff Shizgal
Carolyn Hochstadter and Margo Kossoff Shizgal

Merion Station,  USA

Beit Shemesh, Israel

I started learning Gemara at the Yeshivah of Flatbush. And I resumed ‘ברוך ה decades later with Rabbanit Michele at Hadran. I started from Brachot and have had an exciting, rewarding experience throughout seder Moed!

Anne Mirsky (1)
Anne Mirsky

Maale Adumim, Israel

I went to day school in Toronto but really began to learn when I attended Brovenders back in the early 1980’s. Last year after talking to my sister who was learning Daf Yomi, inspired, I looked on the computer and the Hadran site came up. I have been listening to each days shiur in the morning as I work. I emphasis listening since I am not sitting with a Gamara. I listen while I work in my studio.

Rachel Rotenberg
Rachel Rotenberg

Tekoa, Israel

I graduated college in December 2019 and received a set of shas as a present from my husband. With my long time dream of learning daf yomi, I had no idea that a new cycle was beginning just one month later, in January 2020. I have been learning the daf ever since with Michelle Farber… Through grad school, my first job, my first baby, and all the other incredible journeys over the past few years!
Sigal Spitzer Flamholz
Sigal Spitzer Flamholz

Bronx, United States

I started my journey on the day I realized that the Siyum was happening in Yerushalayim and I was missing out. What? I told myself. How could I have not known about this? How can I have missed out on this opportunity? I decided that moment, I would start Daf Yomi and Nach Yomi the very next day. I am so grateful to Hadran. I am changed forever because I learn Gemara with women. Thank you.

Linda Brownstein
Linda Brownstein

Mitspe, Israel

With Rabbanit Dr. Naomi Cohen in the Women’s Talmud class, over 30 years ago. It was a “known” class and it was accepted, because of who taught. Since then I have also studied with Avigail Gross-Gelman and Dr. Gabriel Hazut for about a year). Years ago, in a shiur in my shul, I did know about Persians doing 3 things with their clothes on. They opened the shiur to woman after that!

Sharon Mink
Sharon Mink

Haifa, Israel

I am grateful for the structure of the Daf Yomi. When I am freer to learn to my heart’s content, I learn other passages in addition. But even in times of difficulty, I always know that I can rely on the structure and social support of Daf Yomi learners all over the world.

I am also grateful for this forum. It is very helpful to learn with a group of enthusiastic and committed women.

Janice Block-2
Janice Block

Beit Shemesh, Israel

I started learning with rabbis. I needed to know more than the stories. My first teacher to show me “the way of the Talmud” as well as the stories was Samara Schwartz.
Michelle Farber started the new cycle 2 yrs ago and I jumped on for the ride.
I do not look back.

Jenifer Nech
Jenifer Nech

Houston, United States

After enthusing to my friend Ruth Kahan about how much I had enjoyed remote Jewish learning during the earlier part of the pandemic, she challenged me to join her in learning the daf yomi cycle. I had always wanted to do daf yomi but now had no excuse. The beginning was particularly hard as I had never studied Talmud but has become easier, as I have gained some familiarity with it.

Susan-Vishner-Hadran-photo-scaled
Susan Vishner

Brookline, United States

Yevamot 86

תְּרוּמָה לְכֹהֵן, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לְלֵוִי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַתִּירוֹ לְכֹהֵן. מַתִּירוֹ?! מִכְּלָל דְּאִיכָּא מַאן דְּאָסַר? אֶלָּא אֵימָא: נוֹתְנוֹ אַף לְכֹהֵן.

Teruma is for a priest and the first tithe is for a Levite; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya permits it, i.e., the first tithe, to a priest, as he too is from the tribe of Levi. The Gemara is puzzled by this last statement: It says: Permits it. Does this prove by inference that there is one tanna that prohibits a priest from partaking of tithes? But a priest is also a Levite and cannot be considered a foreigner. Rather, say that Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya meant that one may give it even to a priest. The tithe does not have to be handed to a Levite; one may choose to give it to a priest instead.

מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר? אָמַר רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבָּה מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דִּגְמָרָא: ״כִּי אֶת מַעְשַׂר בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר יָרִימוּ לַה׳ תְּרוּמָה״. מָה תְּרוּמָה אֲסוּרָה לְזָרִים, אַף מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן אָסוּר לְזָרִים. אִי מָה תְּרוּמָה חַיָּיבִין עָלָיו מִיתָה וָחוֹמֶשׁ — אַף מַעֲשֵׂר חַיָּיבִין עָלָיו מִיתָה וָחוֹמֶשׁ?

The Gemara inquires: What is the reason for Rabbi Meir’s opinion? Rav Aḥa, son of Rabba, said in the name of tradition that the verse states: “For the tithe of the children of Israel that they set apart as a teruma to the Lord, I have given to the Levites for an inheritance” (Numbers 18:24). From the fact that this verse calls the tithe “teruma,” we learn: Just as teruma is forbidden to foreigners, so too is the first tithe forbidden to foreigners, i.e., non-Levites. The Gemara asks: If so, is it true that just as with teruma, a foreigner who eats it is liable to receive the punishment of death at the hand of Heaven and to pay the additional fifth for it, so too, with regard to tithes, a foreigner who eats it should be liable for it to receive the punishment of death at the hand of Heaven and to pay the additional fifth?

אָמַר קְרָא: ״וּמֵתוּ בוֹ כִּי יְחַלְּלֻהוּ״, ״וְיָסַף חֲמִישִׁיתוֹ עָלָיו״. ״בּוֹ״ — וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר, ״עָלָיו״ — וְלֹא עַל מַעֲשֵׂר. וְרַבָּנַן, מָה תְּרוּמָה טוֹבֶלֶת, אַף מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָמֵי טוֹבֵל.

The Gemara answers that the verse states: “They will die through it if they profane it” (Leviticus 22:9), and a different verse states: “Then he shall add the fifth part thereof unto it” (Leviticus 22:14). A close reading of these verses shows that the Torah is emphasizing that the death penalty comes through it, teruma, and not through tithes, and that a fifth must be added to it, but not to tithes. The Gemara asks: And the Rabbis, who disagree with Rabbi Meir, how do they account for the comparison in the above verse? The Gemara answers: They would say it teaches that just as the requirement to separate teruma produces the status of forbidden untithed produce, so too the requirement to separate the first tithe also produces the status of forbidden untithed produce.

וְכִדְתַנְיָא, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר: יָכוֹל לֹא יְהֵא חַיָּיב אֶלָּא עַל טֶבֶל שֶׁלֹּא הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ כׇּל עִיקָּר. הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה וְלֹא הוּרַם מִמֶּנּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן וְלֹא מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי, וַאֲפִילּוּ מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, מִנַּיִן?

And this is as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Yosei says: One might have thought a person should be liable only for untithed produce from which no terumot or tithes have been separated at all, but if the great teruma has been separated from it and the first tithe has not been separated from it; or if the first tithe has been separated from it and the second tithe has not; or even if the poor man’s tithe, which is merely given to the poor and has no sanctity, has not been separated, from where is it derived that such produce also has the status of untithed produce?

תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״לֹא תוּכַל לֶאֱכוֹל בִּשְׁעָרֶיךָ״, וּלְהַלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְאָכְלוּ בִשְׁעָרֶיךָ וְשָׂבֵעוּ״. מָה ״שְׁעָרֶיךָ״ הָאָמוּר לְהַלָּן — מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, אַף ״שְׁעָרֶיךָ״ הָאָמוּר כָּאן — מַעְשַׂר עָנִי, וְאָמַר רַחֲמָנָא ״לֹא תוּכַל״.

The verse states: “You may not eat within your gates the tithe of your grain” (Deuteronomy 12:17), and below, with regard to the poor man’s tithe, it states: “That they may eat within your gates and be satisfied” (Deuteronomy 26:12). Just as “your gates” stated below is referring to the poor man’s tithe, so too “your gates” stated here is referring to the poor man’s tithe, and the Merciful One states in the Torah “you may not eat,” implying that it may be eaten only after separation.

וְאִי מֵהָתָם, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא לְלָאו, אֲבָל מִיתָה — לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

And if we had learned it only from there, I would say that it merely teaches a prohibition against partaking of untithed produce of this type, but the death penalty is not warranted. The comparison to teruma consequently teaches us that eating this type of untithed produce is also punishable by death at the hand of Heaven.

לִישָּׁנָא אַחֲרִינָא: מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן דְּטָבֵיל, מִדְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי נָפְקָא! אִי מֵהַהִיא, הֲוָה אָמֵינָא לְלָאו, אֲבָל מִיתָה — לָא, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

A different version of this discussion presents it in the form of a question: Isn’t it the case that the halakha that failure to separate the first tithe creates the status of untithed produce is derived from the halakha that Rabbi Yosei taught? If so, there is no need for the exposition of the verse referring to tithes as teruma. The Gemara answers: If the proof was from that source alone, I would say that it is only prohibited by a prohibition but the death penalty is not warranted. He therefore teaches us that all the stringencies of untithed produce are in force.

בְּמַאי אוֹקֵימְתַּהּ — כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר, אֵימָא סֵיפָא: בַּת לֵוִי מְאוֹרֶסֶת לְכֹהֵן, וּבַת כֹּהֵן לְלֵוִי — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר, הָכָא מַאי זָרוּת אִיכָּא! אָמַר רַב שֵׁשֶׁת: מַאי ״אֵינָהּ אוֹכֶלֶת״ דְּקָתָנֵי — אֵינָהּ נוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם.

§ The Gemara asks: In what manner did you establish the mishna? In accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir. But if so, say the latter clause: The daughter of a Levite betrothed to a priest and the daughter of a priest betrothed to a Levite may eat neither teruma nor tithe. Here, what foreignness is there that prohibits her from partaking of the tithe? Even according to the opinion that prohibits the first tithe to foreigners, this woman is a Levite on both sides. Rav Sheshet said: What is the meaning of: She may not eat, that the mishna teaches? It means that she may not give permission to others to separate the teruma from the tithe. As long as she is merely betrothed to a Levite, she may not appoint a messenger to set aside the teruma from the tithe on behalf of the Levite, as she is not yet his wife.

מִכְלָל דִּנְשׂוּאָה נוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת? אִין, וְהָתַנְיָא: ״וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם אַתֶּם וּבֵיתְכֶם״ — לִימֵּד עַל נְשׂוּאָה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנּוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם.

The Gemara asks: Is it to be concluded by inference that a married woman may give permission to separate teruma from the tithe? The Gemara answers: Yes, and isn’t it taught: “And you may eat it in any place, you and your households” (Numbers 18:31)? This teaches that an Israelite woman married to a Levite may give permission to another to separate teruma from the Levite’s tithe.

אַתָּה אוֹמֵר רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם, אוֹ אֵינוֹ אֶלָּא לֶאֱכוֹל? אָמְרַתְּ: תְּרוּמָה חֲמוּרָה אוֹכֶלֶת, מַעֲשֵׂר הַקַּל לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן?! אֶלָּא לִימֵּד עַל נְשׂוּאָה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנּוֹתֶנֶת רְשׁוּת לִתְרוֹם.

The baraita continues to discuss this halakha: Do you say she may give permission to separate teruma from the tithe, or perhaps it is only referring to eating? Say in response: If an Israelite woman married to a priest may partake of teruma, which is stringent, is it not all the more so true for tithe, which is lenient? Consequently, there is no need to teach us this halakha. Rather, the verse teaches that an Israelite woman married to a Levite may give permission to another to separate teruma from the tithe.

מָר בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבְנָא אָמַר: לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין חוֹלְקִין לָהּ מַעֲשֵׂר בְּבֵית הַגְּרָנוֹת. הָנִיחָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מִשּׁוּם יִיחוּד, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר מִשּׁוּם גְּרוּשָׁה, גְּרוּשָׁה בַּת לֵוִי מִי לָא אָכְלָה בְּמַעֲשֵׂר?!

Mar, son of Rabbana, said: The mishna is not teaching that the daughter of a Levite who was betrothed to a priest may not partake of tithe, but rather it is coming to say that we do not distribute tithe to her in the granary. The Gemara asks: This works out well according to the one who says that the reason for the decree against distributing teruma to a woman in the granary is due to the prohibition (Yevamot 100a) against a woman being alone with a strange man in the granary, which is a secluded place, as this concern applies equally to the case here. But according to the one who says that the Sages prohibited this practice due to concern that the woman might be a divorcée, who is no longer entitled to teruma, this concern should not apply to the daughter of a Levite. Does she not partake of tithe on her own account, even after she is divorced?

וְלִיטַעְמָיךְ, גְּרוּשָׁה בַּת כֹּהֵן מִי לָא אָכְלָה בִּתְרוּמָה? אֶלָּא גְּזֵירָה מִשּׁוּם גְּרוּשָׁה בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל.

The Gemara refutes this argument: And according to your reasoning that rejects the explanation of Mar, son of Rabbana, with regard to the daughter of a Levite, does a divorcée who is the daughter of a priest not partake of teruma? Why should the daughter of a priest married to a priest not receive teruma in a granary? Rather, this is a rabbinic decree that was enacted primarily due to a priest’s divorcée who is the daughter of a non-priest, as she may no longer partake of teruma after her divorce. They also applied this decree to the daughter of a priest divorced from a priest. For this reason, they also decreed against a Levite woman receiving a portion in the granary.

אִי הָכִי, מַאי אִירְיָא מְאוֹרֶסֶת? אֲפִילּוּ נְשׂוּאָה נָמֵי! אַיְּידֵי דִּתְנָא רֵישָׁא מְאוֹרֶסֶת, תְּנָא נָמֵי סֵיפָא מְאוֹרֶסֶת.

The Gemara raises a difficulty: If so, why specifically one who was betrothed; the same would hold true even for a married woman as well. The Gemara answers: There is no difference between them in this regard, but since the tanna taught in the first clause of the mishna: Betrothed, he also taught in the latter clause: Betrothed, although the halakha in the latter clause does not apply exclusively to a betrothed woman.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: תְּרוּמָה לְכֹהֵן, וּמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן לְלֵוִי, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר:

§ The Sages taught: Teruma is given to a priest, and the first tithe is given only to a Levite; this is the statement of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says:

לְכֹהֵן. לְכֹהֵן וְלֹא לְלֵוִי? אֵימָא אַף לְכֹהֵן. מַאי טַעְמָא דְּרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא — דִּכְתִיב: ״וְאֶל הַלְוִיִּם תְּדַבֵּר וְאָמַרְתָּ אֲלֵיהֶם״, בִּלְוִיִּם קָא מִשְׁתַּעֵי קְרָא. וְאִידַּךְ כִּדְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבָּעָה מְקוֹמוֹת נִקְרְאוּ כֹּהֲנִים לְוִיִּם, וְזֶה אֶחָד מֵהֶם: ״וְהַכֹּהֲנִים הַלְוִיִּם בְּנֵי צָדוֹק״.

The first tithe is given to a priest. The Gemara is puzzled: To a priest and not to a Levite? But the Torah expressly states that the first tithe is for Levites. The Gemara answers: Say he means it can be given also to a priest. The Gemara clarifies: What is the reason for Rabbi Akiva’s opinion? As it is written: “You shall speak to the Levites, and you shall say to them” (Numbers 18:26). Clearly, the verse speaks of Levites, not priests. And the other tanna, Rabbi Eliezer, maintains in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi, as Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: In twenty-four places in the Bible the priests are called Levites. And this is one of those verses: “And the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok” (Ezekiel 44:15).

וְרַבִּי עֲקִיבָא, הָכָא לָא מָצֵית אָמְרַתְּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וַאֲכַלְתֶּם אוֹתוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם״, מִי שֶׁיָּכוֹל לְאוֹכְלוֹ בְּכׇל מָקוֹם. יָצָא כֹּהֵן, שֶׁאֵין יָכוֹל לְאוֹכְלוֹ בְּבֵית הַקְּבָרוֹת. וְאִידַּךְ? כֹּל הֵיכָא דְּבָעֵי — דְּלָא בָּעֵי חוֹמָה, וְאִי אָכֵיל לֵיהּ בְּטוּמְאַת הַגּוּף — לָא לָקֵי.

And Rabbi Akiva replies: Here you cannot say the verse is referring to priests, as it is written: “And you may eat it in any place” (Numbers 18:31), from which we learn that the tithe is given to one who can eat it in any place. This excludes a priest, who cannot eat it in a cemetery, as he is prohibited from entering such a place. Consequently, the verse cannot be referring to priests. And the other Sage, Rabbi Eliezer, how does he respond to this claim? He explains the verse as follows: He may eat it anywhere that he wishes, that is, in any city, as it does not require the wall of Jerusalem, like the second tithe. And we further learn from here that if he eats it in a state of bodily impurity he is not flogged. Consequently, we can say that tithe may be eaten by priests in any place.

הָהִיא גִּינְּתָא דַּהֲוָה שָׁקֵיל רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן מִינַּהּ. אֲזַל רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אַהְדְּרֵיהּ לְפִתְחָא לְבֵי קִבְרֵי. אֲמַר: עֲקִיבָא בְּתַרְמִילוֹ, וַאֲנָא חָיֵי?

The Gemara relates: There was a certain garden from which Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, a priest, would take the first tithe, in accordance with his opinion that priests are also entitled to this tithe. Rabbi Akiva went, closed up the garden, and changed its entrance so that it would be facing toward the cemetery, to prevent Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya from entering the garden. Rabbi Elazar said in the form of a lighthearted exaggeration: Akiva, a former shepherd, comes with his satchel, but I have to live; from where will I receive my livelihood if I cannot claim the first tithe? Rabbi Elazar was actually a very wealthy man and did not need the produce from this garden. However, his point was that Rabbi Akiva acted in order to stop him from receiving something that he felt was rightfully his.

אִיתְּמַר, מִפְּנֵי מָה קָנְסוּ לְוִיִּם בְּמַעֲשֵׂר? פְּלִיגִי בַּהּ רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן וְסָבַיָּא. חַד אָמַר: שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא. וְחַד אָמַר: כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּסְמְכוּ כֹּהֲנִים עָלָיו בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתָן.

§ It was stated that amora’im disagreed about the following question: For what reason did the Sages penalize the Levites with regard to their tithe, by declaring that it may be given to priests as well? Rabbi Yonatan and the Elders who were with him disagree with regard to this matter. One said it was because they did not ascend, i.e., immigrate to the land of Israel, in the days of Ezra. And one said that it was not a penalty at all, but they gave the first tithe to the priests so that they could rely on it during their days of impurity. Because it is prohibited for priests to consume teruma while in a state of impurity, they would have had nothing to eat if they were dependent exclusively on teruma. It is permitted, however, to eat the tithe while impure.

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ — מִשּׁוּם הָכִי קַנְסִינְהוּ. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּסְמְכוּ עָלָיו כֹּהֲנִים בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתָן — מִשּׁוּם כֹּהֲנִים קַנְסִינְהוּ לַלְוִיִּם?! אֶלָּא כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא קְנָסָא שֶׁלֹּא עָלוּ בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא. וְהָכָא בְּהָא קָמִיפַּלְגִי: מָר סָבַר: קְנָסָא לַעֲנִיִּים, וּמָר סָבַר: כֹּהֲנִים בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתָן — עֲנִיִּים נִינְהוּ.

The Gemara asks: Granted, according to the one who says it was because they did not ascend, we can understand that due to that reason they penalized the Levites by forcing them to share their tithe with the priests. But according to the one who says it was done so that the priests could rely on it during their days of impurity, should we penalize the Levites for the benefit of priests? Rather, everyone agrees that it was a penalty for the fact that they did not ascend in the days of Ezra, and here they disagree about this: One Sage holds that the penalty is that the tithe must be given to the poor, and one Sage holds that priests are classified as poor in the days of their impurity.

בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר קְנָסָא לַעֲנִיִּים — מִשּׁוּם הָכִי אַהְדְּרֵיהּ רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא לְפִתְחָא לְבֵי קִבְרֵי. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לְכֹהֲנִים, אַמַּאי אַהְדְּרֵיהּ לְפִתְחָא לְבֵי קִבְרֵי? הָכִי קָאָמַר לֵיהּ: אִי דְּקָא אָתֵית בְּתוֹרַת קְנָסָא — אִית לָךְ, וְאִי קָא אָתֵית בְּתוֹרַת חֲלוּקָּה — לֵית לָךְ.

The Gemara asks: Granted, according to the one who says that the penalty imposed on the Levites is that the tithe must be given to the poor, due to that reason Rabbi Akiva changed the garden entrance so that it would be facing toward the cemetery, as Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya was a wealthy man. But according to the one who says the tithe was given to the priests, why did he change the entrance so that it would be toward the cemetery? The Gemara answers: This is what he said to him, i.e., this is what he meant: If you come to receive the tithe by virtue of the penalty imposed on the Levites, you may have it, but if you come by the standard halakha of distribution, demanding your share with the Levites, you may not have the tithe. If the owner of the garden chooses to give it to you, you may accept it, but you may not take it yourself.

וּמְנָא לַן דְּלָא סְלִיקוּ בִּימֵי עֶזְרָא? דִּכְתִיב: ״וָאֶקְבְּצֵם אֶל הַנָּהָר הַבָּא עַל אַהֲוָא וַנַּחֲנֶה שָׁם יָמִים שְׁלֹשָׁה וָאָבִינָה בָעָם וּבַכֹּהֲנִים וּמִבְּנֵי לֵוִי לֹא מָצָאתִי שָׁם״. אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: בַּתְּחִלָּה לֹא הָיוּ מֵעֲמִידִים שׁוֹטְרִים אֶלָּא מִן הַלְוִיִּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְשׁוֹטְרִים הַלְוִיִּם לִפְנֵיכֶם״, עַכְשָׁיו אֵין מַעֲמִידִין שׁוֹטְרִים אֶלָּא מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְשׁוֹטְרִים הָרַבִּים בְּרָאשֵׁיכֶם״.

The Gemara asks with regard to the penalty imposed on Levites: And from where do we derive that the Levites did not ascend in the days of Ezra? As it is written: “And I gathered them together to the river that runs to Ahava; and we encamped there for three days; and I viewed the people, and the priests, and found there none of the sons of Levi (Ezra 8:15). With regard to this, Rav Ḥisda said: Initially they would establish officers over the people only from among the Levites, as it states: “And the officers, the Levites, before you” (II Chronicles 19:11), but now they establish officers only from among the Israelites, as it is stated: And the officers of the many at your heads. This indicates that officers were appointed from: The many, meaning the largest group, ordinary Israelites.

מַתְנִי׳ בַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁנִּיסֵּת לְכֹהֵן — תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵּן — תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. נִיסֵּת לְלֵוִי — תֹּאכַל בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵּן — תֹּאכַל בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. נִיסֵּת לְיִשְׂרָאֵל — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מֵת וְלָהּ הֵימֶנּוּ בֵּן — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר.

MISHNA: An Israelite woman married to a priest may partake of teruma. If the priest died and she had a child from him, she may continue to partake of teruma. If she subsequently married a Levite, she may no longer partake of teruma but she may partake of the first tithe on his account. If he, too, died and she had a child from him, she may continue to partake of tithe on account of the child. If she then married an Israelite, she may partake of neither teruma nor tithe. If her Israelite husband died and she had a child from him, she still may partake of neither teruma nor tithe.

מֵת בְּנָהּ מִיִּשְׂרָאֵל — תֹּאכַל בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִלֵּוִי — תֹּאכַל בִּתְרוּמָה. מֵת בְּנָהּ מִכֹּהֵן — לֹא תֹּאכַל לֹא בִּתְרוּמָה וְלֹא בְּמַעֲשֵׂר.

If her child from the Israelite also died, while her son from the Levite remained alive, she may partake of tithe on account of the Levite’s child. If her child from the Levite died, leaving her with a son from the priest, she may once again partake of teruma. If her child from the priest died as well, she may no longer partake of either teruma or tithe.

Want to follow content and continue where you left off?

Create an account today to track your progress, mark what you’ve learned, and follow the shiurim that speak to you.

Clear all items from this list?

This will remove ALL the items in this section. You will lose any progress or history connected to them. This is irreversible.

Cancel
Yes, clear all

Are you sure you want to delete this item?

You will lose any progress or history connected to this item.

Cancel
Yes, delete