Zevachim 84
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Masechet Zevachim is sponsored by Esther Kremer in loving memory of her father, Manny Gross on his third yahrzeit. “He exemplified a path of holiness and purity, living with kedushah in his everyday life.”
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Summary
In the dispute among the five Tannaim regarding which items remain on the altar even if they have become invalid, Reish Lakish points out cases where there is a practical halakhic difference between the various opinions. According to the Gemara, his novelty lies in one specific case, where he wanted to emphasize that Rabbi Shimon still maintains his position in a case of libations that accompany the sacrifice but were not brought on the same day the sacrifice was offered.
There is also a dispute between Rabbi Shimon and Rabbi Yehuda regarding which types of disqualifications fall under the rule of “if they have ascended [the altar], they do not descend.” The Gemara cites a braita that explains the textual basis for their respective opinions.
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Masechet Zevachim
Masechet Zevachim is sponsored by Esther Kremer in loving memory of her father, Manny Gross on his third yahrzeit. “He exemplified a path of holiness and purity, living with kedushah in his everyday life.”
Zevachim 84
תֵּרֵד. מִנְחָה הַבָּאָה עִם הַזֶּבַח – לְדִבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ לֹא תֵּרֵד, לְדִבְרֵי כּוּלָּן תֵּרֵד.
even that meal offering shall descend, as it is not similar to lambs. With regard to a meal offering that comes with an animal offering, either a burnt offering or peace offering, according to the statements of Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua, it shall not descend, as it is meant for consumpion by the fire. According to the statements of everyone else, i.e., Rabbi Shimon and the tannai’im of the baraita, it shall descend, as it is neither offered by itself nor is it an animal.
נְסָכִים הַבָּאִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן – לְדִבְרֵי כּוּלָּן יֵרְדוּ, לְדִבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן לֹא יֵרְדוּ. נְסָכִין הַבָּאִין עִם הַזֶּבַח – לְדִבְרֵי כּוּלָּן יֵרְדוּ, לְדִבְרֵי רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל לְחוֹדֵיהּ לֹא יֵרְדוּ.
Reish Lakish continues: With regard to libations that come by themselves, according to the statements of everyone, i.e., Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, Rabbi Akiva, and Rabbi Yehoshua, they shall descend, but according to the statements of Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Shimon, they shall not descend. With regard to libations that come with an animal offering, according to the statements of everyone, they shall descend, while according to the statement of Rabban Gamliel alone, they shall not descend.
פְּשִׁיטָא! מִנְחָה הַבָּאָה בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָהּ אִיצְטְרִיכָא לֵיהּ – וְכִדְרָבָא, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: מִתְנַדֵּב אָדָם מִנְחַת נְסָכִים בְּכׇל יוֹם.
The Gemara questions the need for such a summary: Isn’t it obvious? The Gemara answers: It was necessary for him to state the halakha in the case of a meal offering that comes by itself, and this is in accordance with the statement of Rava. As Rava says: A person can volunteer to bring a meal offering that normally accompanies libations, on any day, even without offering the libations and animal offering that it normally accompanies. Although the summary is itself obvious, it is nevertheless stated to indicate that it is possible to offer such a meal offering.
וְנַשְׁמְעִינַן כִּדְרָבָא! נְסָכִים הַבָּאִים עִם הַזֶּבַח אִיצְטְרִיכָא לֵיהּ – דְּקָא מַקְרֵב לְהוּ לִמְחַר וּלְיוֹמָא חָרָא.
The Gemara asks: If the intent of his summary is to express his agreement with the statement of Rava, then let Reish Lakish teach us explicitly that the halakha is in accordance with the statement of Rava. The Gemara answers: It was necessary for the case of libations that come with an animal offering, as the halakha in such a case is that he may sacrifice the libations the next day and on a later [ḥara] day sometime after sacrificing the animal offering that they accompany.
סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ אָמֵינָא, הוֹאִיל וְאָמַר מָר: ״מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם״ בַּלַּיְלָה, ״מִנְחָתָם וְנִסְכֵּיהֶם״ לְמָחָר – כִּנְסָכִים הַבָּאִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן דָּמוּ, וּמוֹדֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן דְּלֹא יֵרְדוּ; קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.
Accordingly, it may enter your mind to say that since the Master says that the verse: “And their meal offering and their libations” (Numbers 29:18), indicates that libations may be offered at night, and the phrase “and their meal offering and their libations” indicates that libations may be offered the next day and on a later day, perhaps libations offered on a later date than the animal itself are to be considered as libations which come by themselves, and Rabbi Shimon would concede that they shall not descend. Reish Lakish therefore teaches us the case of libations that accompany an animal offering, to indicate that such libations are still considered as those that accompany an animal offering and that they shall descend from the altar.
מַתְנִי׳ אֵלּוּ אִם עָלוּ לֹא יֵרְדוּ: הַלָּן, וְהַיּוֹצֵא, וְהַטָּמֵא, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁחַט חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ וְחוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, וְשֶׁקִּבְּלוּ פְּסוּלִין וְזָרְקוּ אֶת דָּמוֹ.
MISHNA: These are the items that even if they were disqualified, if they ascended the altar they shall not descend: Blood, sacrificial portions, or limbs of a burnt offering, any of which were left overnight off the altar, or that emerge from the Temple courtyard, or that become ritually impure, or that came from an animal that was slaughtered with the intent to sacrifice it beyond its designated time or outside its designated area, or an offering that people unfit to perform the Temple service collected and then sprinkled its blood.
רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: שֶׁנִּשְׁחַט בַּלַּיְלָה וְנִשְׁפַּךְ דָּמָהּ וְיָצָא דָּמָהּ חוּץ לַקְּלָעִים – אִם עָלְתָה תֵּרֵד. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: לֹא תֵּרֵד, שֶׁהָיָה פְּסוּלוֹ בַּקֹּדֶשׁ. שֶׁרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: כֹּל שֶׁפְּסוּלוֹ בַּקֹּדֶשׁ – הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְקַבְּלוֹ, לֹא הָיָה פְּסוּלוֹ בַּקֹּדֶשׁ – אֵין הַקֹּדֶשׁ מְקַבְּלוֹ.
Rabbi Yehuda says: In the case of a sacrificial animal that was slaughtered at night, or one whose blood was spilled on the floor of the Temple without its being collected in a vessel, or one whose blood emerged outside the curtains, i.e., outside the Temple courtyard: Even if it ascended upon the altar it shall descend. Rabbi Shimon says: In all these cases, if it ascended it shall not descend, because its disqualification occurred in sanctity. As Rabbi Shimon says: With regard to any unfit offering whose disqualification occurred in sanctity, i.e., in the course of the Temple service, the sacred area renders the offering acceptable, and if it ascended onto the altar it shall not descend. But with regard to any offering whose disqualification did not occur in sanctity but rather was unfit initially, the sacred area does not render the offering acceptable.
וְאֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה פְּסוּלָן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ: הָרוֹבֵעַ, וְהַנִּרְבָּע, וְהַמּוּקְצֶה, וְהַנֶּעֱבָד, וְהָאֶתְנַן, וְהַמְּחִיר, וְהַכִּלְאַיִם, וְהַטְּרֵפָה, וְהַיּוֹצֵא דּוֹפֶן, וּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מַכְשִׁיר בְּבַעֲלֵי מוּמִין. רַבִּי חֲנִינָא סְגַן הַכֹּהֲנִים אוֹמֵר: דּוֹחֶה הָיָה אַבָּא אֶת בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין מֵעַל גַּבֵּי הַמִּזְבֵּחַ.
And these are the offerings whose disqualification did not occur in sanctity: An animal that copulated with a person, and an animal that was the object of bestiality, and an animal that was set aside for idol worship, and an animal that was worshipped as a deity, and an animal that was given as payment to a prostitute or as the price of a dog, and an animal born of a mixture of diverse kinds, and an animal with a wound that will cause it to die within twelve months [tereifa], and an animal born by caesarean section, and blemished animals. Rabbi Akiva deems blemished animals fit in the sense that if they ascended they shall not descend. Rabbi Ḥanina, the deputy High Priest, says: My father would reject blemished animals from upon the altar.
כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאִם עָלוּ לֹא יֵרְדוּ, כָּךְ אִם יֵרְדוּ לֹא יַעֲלוּ. וְכוּלָּן שֶׁעָלוּ חַיִּים לְרֹאשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ – יֵרְדוּ. עוֹלָה שֶׁעָלְתָה חַיָּה לְרֹאשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ – תֵּרֵד. שְׁחָטָהּ בְּרֹאשׁ הַמִּזְבֵּחַ – יַפְשִׁיט וִינַתְּחֶהָ בִּמְקוֹמָהּ.
Concerning those animals that, if they ascended, do not descend, just as if they ascended the altar they shall not descend, so too, if they descended they shall not then ascend. And all of them that if they ascend they do not descend, if they ascended to the top of the altar alive they descend, as an animal is fit for the altar only after it is slaughtered. A burnt offering that ascended to the top of the altar alive shall descend, as one does not slaughter an animal atop the altar ab initio. But if one slaughtered the animal at the top of the altar, he should flay it and cut it into pieces in its place, and it is not removed from the altar.
גְּמָ׳ תַּנְיָא, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: ״זֹאת״, ״הִיא״, ״הָעֹלָה״ – הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה מִיעוּטִין; פְּרָט לְשֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטָה בַּלַּיְלָה, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁפַּךְ דָּמָהּ, וְשֶׁיָּצָא דָּמָהּ חוּץ לַקְּלָעִים – שֶׁאִם עָלְתָה, תֵּרֵד.
GEMARA: It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda says: The verse from which is derived the halakha that items that ascended upon the altar shall not descend, states: “This is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar” (Leviticus 6:2). These are three terms of exclusion used in the verse: “This,” “it,” and “the,” from which it is derived that three instances are excluded from this halakha: A sacrificial animal that was slaughtered at night, and one whose blood was spilled, and one whose blood emerged outside the curtains, i.e., outside the Temple courtyard. With regard to these cases, the halakha is that if one of them ascended upon the altar it shall descend.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר: ״עֹלָה״ – אֵין לִי אֶלָּא עוֹלָה כְּשֵׁרָה; מִנַּיִן לְרַבּוֹת שֶׁנִּשְׁחֲטָה בַּלַּיְלָה, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁפַּךְ דָּמָהּ, וְשֶׁיָּצָא דָּמָהּ חוּץ לַקְּלָעִים, וְהַלָּן, וְהַיּוֹצֵא, וְהַטָּמֵא, וְשֶׁנִּשְׁחַט חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ וְחוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ, וְשֶׁקִּבְּלוּ פְּסוּלִין וְזָרְקוּ אֶת דָּמוֹ,
Rabbi Shimon says: From the usage of the term “burnt offering” I have derived only with regard to a fit burnt offering that it shall not descend. From where is it derived that the verse also includes a sacrificial animal that was disqualified, such as one that was slaughtered at night; or whose blood was spilled; or whose blood emerged outside the curtains, i.e., outside the Temple courtyard; or that was left overnight; or that emerged from the Temple courtyard, or that became ritually impure; or that came from an animal that was slaughtered with the intent to sacrifice it beyond its designated time or outside its designated area; or an offering that people unfit to perform the Temple service collected and then sprinkled its blood?
הַנִּיתָּנִין לְמַטָּה שֶׁנְּתָנָן לְמַעְלָה, וּלְמַעְלָה שֶׁנְּתָנָן לְמַטָּה, וְהַנִּיתָּנִין בַּחוּץ שֶׁנְּתָנָן בִּפְנִים, בִּפְנִים שֶׁנְּתָנָן בַּחוּץ,
In addition, from where is it derived that the following are also included in this halakha: Those offerings whose blood is to be placed below the red line that divided between the upper and lower halves of the external altar, i.e., a burnt offering, a guilt offering, or a peace offering, but it was placed above the red line; and a sin offering, whose blood is to be placed above the red line, that had its blood placed below the red line; and those offerings whose blood is to be placed outside, on the external altar, that had their blood placed inside, in the Sanctuary; and those offerings whose blood is to be placed inside that had their blood placed outside?
וּפֶסַח וְחַטָּאת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן – מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תּוֹרַת הָעֹלָה״ – רִיבָּה תּוֹרָה אַחַת לְכׇל הָעוֹלִין, שֶׁאִם עָלוּ לֹא יֵרְדוּ.
And in addition, with regard to a Paschal offering or sin offering that were slaughtered not for their sake, from where is it derived that if they ascended upon the altar they shall not descend? The verse states: “The law of the burnt offering,” which included in one law all items that ascend upon the altar, establishing the principle that if they ascended the altar they shall not descend.
יָכוֹל שֶׁאֲנִי מְרַבֶּה הָרוֹבֵעַ וְהַנִּרְבָּע, וְהַמּוּקְצֶה וְהַנֶּעֱבָד, וְאֶתְנַן וּמְחִיר, וְכִלְאַיִם וּטְרֵפָה וְיוֹצֵא דּוֹפֶן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״זֹאת״.
One might have thought that I should also include an animal that copulated with a person, and an animal that was the object of bestiality, and an animal that was set aside for idol worship, and an animal that was worshipped as a deity, and an animal that was given as payment to a prostitute or as the price of a dog, and an animal born of a mixture of diverse kinds, and an animal that is a tereifa, and an animal born by caesarean section. Therefore, the verse states: “This,” to exclude these types of disqualifications, which descend even after they have ascended the altar.
וּמָה רָאִיתָ לְרַבּוֹת אֶת אֵלּוּ וּלְהוֹצִיא אֶת אֵלּוּ? אַחַר שֶׁרִיבָּה
The Gemara asks: And what did you see as reason to include those and exclude these? The Gemara answers: After noting that the verse included
הַכָּתוּב וּמִיעֵט, מְרַבֶּה אֲנִי אֶת אֵלּוּ שֶׁהָיָה פְּסוּלָן בַּקֹּדֶשׁ, וּמוֹצִיא אֲנִי אֶת אֵלּוּ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה פְּסוּלָן בַּקּוֹדֶשׁ.
and subsequently the verse excluded, I say the following claim with regard to what to include and what to exclude: I will include those whose disqualification was in sanctity, i.e., in the course of Temple service, and rule that if they ascended they shall not descend, and I will exclude these whose disqualification was not in sanctity, and rule that if they ascended they shall descend.
וְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה מַיְיתֵי לַהּ מֵהָכָא: מִפְּנֵי מָה אָמְרוּ לָן בַּדָּם כָּשֵׁר –
And as for Rabbi Yehuda, who disagrees with Rabbi Shimon and does not deem it permitted for items whose disqualification occurred in sanctity to remain on the altar, yet agrees that those items listed in the beginning of the mishna, such as sacrificial portions left overnight, shall not descend, he derives it from here, as it is taught in a baraita: For what reason did the Sages say to us that in the case of blood left overnight it is fit, i.e., if blood of an offering had been left overnight and was then placed on the altar it is not removed?
שֶׁהֲרֵי לָן כָּשֵׁר בָּאֵימוּרִין. לָן בָּאֵימוּרִין כָּשֵׁר – שֶׁהֲרֵי לָן כָּשֵׁר בַּבָּשָׂר.
This is as the halakha is in the case of sacrificial portions, which if they are left overnight are fit. From where is it derived that in the case of sacrificial portions that are left overnight, they are fit? This is as the halakha is in the case of meat, which if it is left overnight is fit, because the meat of a peace offering may be eaten for two days and one night.
יוֹצֵא – שֶׁהַיּוֹצֵא כָּשֵׁר בְּבָמָה.
From where is it derived that if an offering that emerges from the Temple courtyard is then placed on the altar it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since an offering that leaves its area is fit in the case of an offering brought on a private altar, as the entire notion of sacrifice on such an altar is that it may be performed anywhere.
טָמֵא – הוֹאִיל וְהוּתַּר לַעֲבוֹדַת צִיבּוּר.
From where is it derived that if an offering that has become ritually impure is placed on the altar it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since it is permitted to offer an impure offering in the case of communal rites, i.e., communal offerings. In cases of necessity, the communal offerings may be sacrificed even if they are ritually impure.
חוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ – הוֹאִיל וּמְרַצֶּה לְפִיגּוּלוֹ.
From where is it derived that if an offering that was disqualified due to the intention of the priest who slaughtered it to consume it beyond its designated time [piggul] was placed on the altar, it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since the sprinkling of its blood effects acceptance with regard to its status as piggul. The status of piggul takes effect only if the sacrificial rites involving that offering were otherwise performed properly. This indicates that it still has the status of an offering, so it is not removed from the altar.
חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ – הוֹאִיל וְאִיתַּקַּשׁ לְחוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ.
From where is it derived that if an offering that was disqualified due to the intention of the priest who slaughtered it to consume it outside its designated area was placed on the altar, it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since it is juxtaposed to an offering that was slaughtered with intent to consume it beyond its designated time.
שֶׁקִּבְּלוּ פְּסוּלִין וְזָרְקוּ אֶת דָּמוֹ – בְּהָנָךְ פְּסוּלֵי דַּחֲזוֹ לַעֲבוֹדַת צִיבּוּר.
From where is it derived that if an offering that people unfit for performing the Temple service collected and then sprinkled its blood was placed on the altar, it is not removed? This is derived from the halakha of these priests who are generally disqualified because they are impure, yet who are fit to perform the communal rites, i.e., to sacrifice communal offerings, in a case when all the priests or the majority of the Jewish people are impure.
וְכִי דָּנִין דָּבָר שֶׁלֹּא בְּהֶכְשֵׁרוֹ, מִדָּבָר שֶׁבְּהֶכְשֵׁרוֹ?!
The Gemara questions the derivations of the baraita: But can one deduce the halakha of a matter that is not fit, i.e., sacrificial portions that are disqualified due to having been left overnight, from the halakha of a matter that is fit, i.e., the peace offering, which is permitted for eating for two days and one night? Similarly, how can the baraita derive the halakha of flesh that was removed from the Temple courtyard from the halakha of a private altar, which has no halakhic area surrounding it?
תָּנָּא אַ״זֹּאת תּוֹרַת הָעֹלָה״ רִיבָּה סְמִיךְ לֵיהּ.
The Gemara answers: The tanna relied on the verse: “Command Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar all night until the morning; and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning there” (Leviticus 6:2), which amplified the application of the halakha stated in the verse, teaching that many types of disqualified offerings may be left upon the altar. The derivations written in the baraita are mere supports for those two halakhot. The explanations cited in the baraita for including these disqualifications are mentioned only to clarify why Rabbi Yehuda does not exclude them based on the terms “this,” “it,” and “that.”
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: הַשּׁוֹחֵט בְּהֵמָה בַּלַּיְלָה בִּפְנִים וְהֶעֱלָה בַּחוּץ – חַיָּיב,
§ With regard to an offering that was slaughtered at night, which Rabbi Yehuda holds shall descend from the altar even if it ascended, Rabbi Yoḥanan says: One who slaughters a sacrificial animal at night inside the Temple courtyard, and then offers it up on an altar outside the Temple courtyard, is liable to receive karet, which is the punishment for one who sacrifices an offering outside the Temple courtyard. Although one is normally liable for sacrificing an offering outside the Temple courtyard only if it was fit to be offered on the altar within the Temple, and an animal slaughtered at night is disqualified and shall descend from the altar according to Rabbi Yehuda,
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I started to listen to Michelle’s podcasts four years ago. The minute I started I was hooked. I’m so excited to learn the entire Talmud, and think I will continue always. I chose the quote “while a woman is engaged in conversation she also holds the spindle”. (Megillah 14b). It reminds me of all of the amazing women I learn with every day who multi-task, think ahead and accomplish so much.
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Zevachim 84
ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ. ΧΦ΄Χ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ Χ’Φ΄Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΆΦΌΧΦ·Χ β ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧ©Φ»ΧΧ’Φ· ΧΦΉΧ ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ.
even that meal offering shall descend, as it is not similar to lambs. With regard to a meal offering that comes with an animal offering, either a burnt offering or peace offering, according to the statements of Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Yehoshua, it shall not descend, as it is meant for consumpion by the fire. According to the statements of everyone else, i.e., Rabbi Shimon and the tannaiβim of the baraita, it shall descend, as it is neither offered by itself nor is it an animal.
Χ Φ°Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΅Χ Χ’Φ·Χ¦Φ°ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ. Χ Φ°Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ Χ’Φ΄Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΆΦΌΧΦ·Χ β ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ.
Reish Lakish continues: With regard to libations that come by themselves, according to the statements of everyone, i.e., Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, Rabbi Akiva, and Rabbi Yehoshua, they shall descend, but according to the statements of Rabban Gamliel and Rabbi Shimon, they shall not descend. With regard to libations that come with an animal offering, according to the statements of everyone, they shall descend, while according to the statement of Rabban Gamliel alone, they shall not descend.
Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΄ΧΧΧΦΈΧ! ΧΦ΄Χ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΅Χ Χ’Φ·Χ¦Φ°ΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ¦Φ°ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ β ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦ΄ΧͺΦ°Χ Φ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄Χ Φ°ΧΦ·Χͺ Χ Φ°Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΧ ΧΧΦΉΧ.
The Gemara questions the need for such a summary: Isnβt it obvious? The Gemara answers: It was necessary for him to state the halakha in the case of a meal offering that comes by itself, and this is in accordance with the statement of Rava. As Rava says: A person can volunteer to bring a meal offering that normally accompanies libations, on any day, even without offering the libations and animal offering that it normally accompanies. Although the summary is itself obvious, it is nevertheless stated to indicate that it is possible to offer such a meal offering.
ΧΦ°Χ Φ·Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ! Χ Φ°Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ Χ’Φ΄Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΆΦΌΧΦ·Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ¦Φ°ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦ·Χ§Φ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧ¨ΦΈΧ.
The Gemara asks: If the intent of his summary is to express his agreement with the statement of Rava, then let Reish Lakish teach us explicitly that the halakha is in accordance with the statement of Rava. The Gemara answers: It was necessary for the case of libations that come with an animal offering, as the halakha in such a case is that he may sacrifice the libations the next day and on a later [αΈ₯ara] day sometime after sacrificing the animal offering that they accompany.
Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ°Χ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ’Φ°ΧͺΦΈΦΌΧΦ° ΧΦΈΧΦ΅ΧΧ ΦΈΧ, ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦΈΧ¨: Χ΄ΧΦ΄Χ Φ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ Φ΄Χ‘Φ°ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΆΧΧ΄ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ, Χ΄ΧΦ΄Χ Φ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ Φ΄Χ‘Φ°ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΆΧΧ΄ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ¨ β ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Φ°Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΅Χ Χ’Φ·Χ¦Φ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΌ, ΧΦΌΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ; Χ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦ·Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ·Χ’ ΧΦ·Χ.
Accordingly, it may enter your mind to say that since the Master says that the verse: βAnd their meal offering and their libationsβ (Numbers 29:18), indicates that libations may be offered at night, and the phrase βand their meal offering and their libationsβ indicates that libations may be offered the next day and on a later day, perhaps libations offered on a later date than the animal itself are to be considered as libations which come by themselves, and Rabbi Shimon would concede that they shall not descend. Reish Lakish therefore teaches us the case of libations that accompany an animal offering, to indicate that such libations are still considered as those that accompany an animal offering and that they shall descend from the altar.
ΧΦ·ΧͺΦ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ³ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄Χ Χ’ΦΈΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ: ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΅Χ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΅Χ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧΦ·Χ ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ ΦΌΧΦΉ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ§ΧΦΉΧΧΦΉ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ§Φ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΌ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ¨Φ°Χ§ΧΦΌ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΉ.
MISHNA: These are the items that even if they were disqualified, if they ascended the altar they shall not descend: Blood, sacrificial portions, or limbs of a burnt offering, any of which were left overnight off the altar, or that emerge from the Temple courtyard, or that become ritually impure, or that came from an animal that was slaughtered with the intent to sacrifice it beyond its designated time or outside its designated area, or an offering that people unfit to perform the Temple service collected and then sprinkled its blood.
Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧΦ·Χ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ Φ΄Χ©Φ°ΧΧ€Φ·ΦΌΧΦ° ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ¦ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ·Χ§Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ’Φ΄ΧΧ β ΧΦ΄Χ Χ’ΦΈΧΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ. Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: ΧΦΉΧ ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ, Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ. Χ©ΦΆΧΧ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: ΧΦΉΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ β ΧΦ·Χ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ ΧΦ°Χ§Φ·ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΉ, ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ β ΧΦ΅ΧΧ ΧΦ·Χ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ ΧΦ°Χ§Φ·ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΉ.
Rabbi Yehuda says: In the case of a sacrificial animal that was slaughtered at night, or one whose blood was spilled on the floor of the Temple without its being collected in a vessel, or one whose blood emerged outside the curtains, i.e., outside the Temple courtyard: Even if it ascended upon the altar it shall descend. Rabbi Shimon says: In all these cases, if it ascended it shall not descend, because its disqualification occurred in sanctity. As Rabbi Shimon says: With regard to any unfit offering whose disqualification occurred in sanctity, i.e., in the course of the Temple service, the sacred area renders the offering acceptable, and if it ascended onto the altar it shall not descend. But with regard to any offering whose disqualification did not occur in sanctity but rather was unfit initially, the sacred area does not render the offering acceptable.
ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΉΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ: ΧΦΈΧ¨ΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ’Φ·, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ Φ΄ΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧΦΈΦΌΧ’, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ§Φ°Χ¦ΦΆΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ ΦΆΦΌΧ’Φ±ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦΆΧͺΦ°Χ Φ·Χ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ¨, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄Χ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ€ΦΆΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ·Χ’Φ²ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ. Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ’Φ²Χ§Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ°Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΧ¨ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·Χ’Φ²ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ. Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ²Χ Φ΄ΧΧ ΦΈΧ Χ‘Φ°ΧΦ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΉΦΌΧΦ²Χ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧΦΆΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ’Φ²ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ΅Χ’Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΦ·.
And these are the offerings whose disqualification did not occur in sanctity: An animal that copulated with a person, and an animal that was the object of bestiality, and an animal that was set aside for idol worship, and an animal that was worshipped as a deity, and an animal that was given as payment to a prostitute or as the price of a dog, and an animal born of a mixture of diverse kinds, and an animal with a wound that will cause it to die within twelve months [tereifa], and an animal born by caesarean section, and blemished animals. Rabbi Akiva deems blemished animals fit in the sense that if they ascended they shall not descend. Rabbi αΈ€anina, the deputy High Priest, says: My father would reject blemished animals from upon the altar.
ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ΄Χ Χ’ΦΈΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ, ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ° ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ·Χ’Φ²ΧΧΦΌ. ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ’ΦΈΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΉΧΧ©Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΦ· β ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ. Χ’ΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ’ΦΈΧΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΉΧΧ©Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΦ· β ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ. Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦΈΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨ΦΉΧΧ©Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΦ· β ΧΦ·Χ€Φ°Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·ΧͺΦ°ΦΌΧΦΆΧΦΈ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°Χ§ΧΦΉΧΦΈΧΦΌ.
Concerning those animals that, if they ascended, do not descend, just as if they ascended the altar they shall not descend, so too, if they descended they shall not then ascend. And all of them that if they ascend they do not descend, if they ascended to the top of the altar alive they descend, as an animal is fit for the altar only after it is slaughtered. A burnt offering that ascended to the top of the altar alive shall descend, as one does not slaughter an animal atop the altar ab initio. But if one slaughtered the animal at the top of the altar, he should flay it and cut it into pieces in its place, and it is not removed from the altar.
ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧ³ ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ, Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: Χ΄ΧΦΉΧΧͺΧ΄, Χ΄ΧΦ΄ΧΧΧ΄, Χ΄ΧΦΈΧ’ΦΉΧΦΈΧΧ΄ β ΧΦ²Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦΉΧ©ΦΈΧΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ’ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ; Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧ€Φ·ΦΌΧΦ° ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΌ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ¦ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ·Χ§Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ’Φ΄ΧΧ β Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ΄Χ Χ’ΦΈΧΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ, ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ.
GEMARA: It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda says: The verse from which is derived the halakha that items that ascended upon the altar shall not descend, states: βThis is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altarβ (Leviticus 6:2). These are three terms of exclusion used in the verse: βThis,β βit,β and βthe,β from which it is derived that three instances are excluded from this halakha: A sacrificial animal that was slaughtered at night, and one whose blood was spilled, and one whose blood emerged outside the curtains, i.e., outside the Temple courtyard. With regard to these cases, the halakha is that if one of them ascended upon the altar it shall descend.
Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: Χ΄Χ’ΦΉΧΦΈΧΧ΄ β ΧΦ΅ΧΧ ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΆΧΦΈΦΌΧ Χ’ΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ; ΧΦ΄Χ Φ·ΦΌΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧͺ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧ€Φ·ΦΌΧΦ° ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΌ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ¦ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ·Χ§Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ’Φ΄ΧΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΅Χ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΅Χ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧΦ·Χ ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ ΦΌΧΦΉ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ§ΧΦΉΧΧΦΉ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΆΧΧ§Φ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΌ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ¨Φ°Χ§ΧΦΌ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΉ,
Rabbi Shimon says: From the usage of the term βburnt offeringβ I have derived only with regard to a fit burnt offering that it shall not descend. From where is it derived that the verse also includes a sacrificial animal that was disqualified, such as one that was slaughtered at night; or whose blood was spilled; or whose blood emerged outside the curtains, i.e., outside the Temple courtyard; or that was left overnight; or that emerged from the Temple courtyard, or that became ritually impure; or that came from an animal that was slaughtered with the intent to sacrifice it beyond its designated time or outside its designated area; or an offering that people unfit to perform the Temple service collected and then sprinkled its blood?
ΧΦ·Χ Φ΄ΦΌΧΧͺΦΈΦΌΧ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ°ΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ’Φ°ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ’Φ°ΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ°ΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ Φ΄ΦΌΧΧͺΦΈΦΌΧ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ₯ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ°ΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ, ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ°ΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ₯,
In addition, from where is it derived that the following are also included in this halakha: Those offerings whose blood is to be placed below the red line that divided between the upper and lower halves of the external altar, i.e., a burnt offering, a guilt offering, or a peace offering, but it was placed above the red line; and a sin offering, whose blood is to be placed above the red line, that had its blood placed below the red line; and those offerings whose blood is to be placed outside, on the external altar, that had their blood placed inside, in the Sanctuary; and those offerings whose blood is to be placed inside that had their blood placed outside?
ΧΦΌΧ€ΦΆΧ‘Φ·Χ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧͺ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ©Φ°ΦΌΧΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΉΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ΄Χ Φ·ΦΌΧΦ΄Χ? ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ·Χ¨: Χ΄ΧͺΦΌΧΦΉΧ¨Φ·Χͺ ΧΦΈΧ’ΦΉΧΦΈΧΧ΄ β Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧͺΦΌΧΦΉΧ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·Χͺ ΧΦ°ΧΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ’ΧΦΉΧΦ΄ΧΧ, Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ΄Χ Χ’ΦΈΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅Χ¨Φ°ΧΧΦΌ.
And in addition, with regard to a Paschal offering or sin offering that were slaughtered not for their sake, from where is it derived that if they ascended upon the altar they shall not descend? The verse states: βThe law of the burnt offering,β which included in one law all items that ascend upon the altar, establishing the principle that if they ascended the altar they shall not descend.
ΧΦΈΧΧΦΉΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ²Χ Φ΄Χ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΆΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧ¨ΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ’Φ· ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ Φ΄ΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧΦΈΦΌΧ’, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ§Φ°Χ¦ΦΆΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ ΦΆΦΌΧ’Φ±ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦΆΧͺΦ°Χ Φ·Χ ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ¨, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ€ΦΆΧ? ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ·Χ¨: Χ΄ΧΦΉΧΧͺΧ΄.
One might have thought that I should also include an animal that copulated with a person, and an animal that was the object of bestiality, and an animal that was set aside for idol worship, and an animal that was worshipped as a deity, and an animal that was given as payment to a prostitute or as the price of a dog, and an animal born of a mixture of diverse kinds, and an animal that is a tereifa, and an animal born by caesarean section. Therefore, the verse states: βThis,β to exclude these types of disqualifications, which descend even after they have ascended the altar.
ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦΈ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧͺ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ? ΧΦ·ΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ
The Gemara asks: And what did you see as reason to include those and exclude these? The Gemara answers: After noting that the verse included
ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧͺΧΦΌΧ ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ’Φ΅Χ, ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΆΦΌΧ ΧΦ²Χ Φ΄Χ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ§ΦΉΦΌΧΦΆΧ©Χ, ΧΦΌΧΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ²Χ Φ΄Χ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΌΧΦΌ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΉΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ§ΦΌΧΦΉΧΦΆΧ©Χ.
and subsequently the verse excluded, I say the following claim with regard to what to include and what to exclude: I will include those whose disqualification was in sanctity, i.e., in the course of Temple service, and rule that if they ascended they shall not descend, and I will exclude these whose disqualification was not in sanctity, and rule that if they ascended they shall descend.
ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧͺΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ΅ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦ΄Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨ΧΦΌ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ β
And as for Rabbi Yehuda, who disagrees with Rabbi Shimon and does not deem it permitted for items whose disqualification occurred in sanctity to remain on the altar, yet agrees that those items listed in the beginning of the mishna, such as sacrificial portions left overnight, shall not descend, he derives it from here, as it is taught in a baraita: For what reason did the Sages say to us that in the case of blood left overnight it is fit, i.e., if blood of an offering had been left overnight and was then placed on the altar it is not removed?
Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ²Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΧΧΦΌΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧ. ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΧΧΦΌΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ β Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ²Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ©ΦΈΧΧ¨.
This is as the halakha is in the case of sacrificial portions, which if they are left overnight are fit. From where is it derived that in the case of sacrificial portions that are left overnight, they are fit? This is as the halakha is in the case of meat, which if it is left overnight is fit, because the meat of a peace offering may be eaten for two days and one night.
ΧΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΅Χ β Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ¦Φ΅Χ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ.
From where is it derived that if an offering that emerges from the Temple courtyard is then placed on the altar it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since an offering that leaves its area is fit in the case of an offering brought on a private altar, as the entire notion of sacrifice on such an altar is that it may be performed anywhere.
ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χ β ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧ¨ ΧΦ·Χ’Φ²ΧΧΦΉΧΦ·Χͺ Χ¦Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ¨.
From where is it derived that if an offering that has become ritually impure is placed on the altar it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since it is permitted to offer an impure offering in the case of communal rites, i.e., communal offerings. In cases of necessity, the communal offerings may be sacrificed even if they are ritually impure.
ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ ΦΌΧΦΉ β ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·Χ¦ΦΆΦΌΧ ΧΦ°Χ€Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΧΦΉ.
From where is it derived that if an offering that was disqualified due to the intention of the priest who slaughtered it to consume it beyond its designated time [piggul] was placed on the altar, it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since the sprinkling of its blood effects acceptance with regard to its status as piggul. The status of piggul takes effect only if the sacrificial rites involving that offering were otherwise performed properly. This indicates that it still has the status of an offering, so it is not removed from the altar.
ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ§ΧΦΉΧΧΦΉ β ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧ§Φ·ΦΌΧ©Χ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ₯ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ ΦΌΧΦΉ.
From where is it derived that if an offering that was disqualified due to the intention of the priest who slaughtered it to consume it outside its designated area was placed on the altar, it is not removed? This is derived by comparison, since it is juxtaposed to an offering that was slaughtered with intent to consume it beyond its designated time.
Χ©ΦΆΧΧ§Φ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΌ Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ¨Φ°Χ§ΧΦΌ ΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΉ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΦΈΧΦ° Χ€Φ°ΦΌΧ‘ΧΦΌΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ²ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ·Χ’Φ²ΧΧΦΉΧΦ·Χͺ Χ¦Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ¨.
From where is it derived that if an offering that people unfit for performing the Temple service collected and then sprinkled its blood was placed on the altar, it is not removed? This is derived from the halakha of these priests who are generally disqualified because they are impure, yet who are fit to perform the communal rites, i.e., to sacrifice communal offerings, in a case when all the priests or the majority of the Jewish people are impure.
ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ¨ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΉΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΆΧΦ°Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΧΦΉ, ΧΦ΄ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ¨ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΆΧΦ°Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΧΦΉ?!
The Gemara questions the derivations of the baraita: But can one deduce the halakha of a matter that is not fit, i.e., sacrificial portions that are disqualified due to having been left overnight, from the halakha of a matter that is fit, i.e., the peace offering, which is permitted for eating for two days and one night? Similarly, how can the baraita derive the halakha of flesh that was removed from the Temple courtyard from the halakha of a private altar, which has no halakhic area surrounding it?
ΧͺΦΌΦΈΧ ΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦ·Χ΄ΧΦΉΦΌΧΧͺ ΧͺΦΌΧΦΉΧ¨Φ·Χͺ ΧΦΈΧ’ΦΉΧΦΈΧΧ΄ Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ Χ‘Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ° ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ.
The Gemara answers: The tanna relied on the verse: βCommand Aaron and his sons, saying: This is the law of the burnt offering: It is the burnt offering on the pyre upon the altar all night until the morning; and the fire of the altar shall be kept burning thereβ (Leviticus 6:2), which amplified the application of the halakha stated in the verse, teaching that many types of disqualified offerings may be left upon the altar. The derivations written in the baraita are mere supports for those two halakhot. The explanations cited in the baraita for including these disqualifications are mentioned only to clarify why Rabbi Yehuda does not exclude them based on the terms βthis,β βit,β and βthat.β
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ: ΧΦ·Χ©ΦΌΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦΆΧ’Φ±ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ₯ β ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧ,
Β§ With regard to an offering that was slaughtered at night, which Rabbi Yehuda holds shall descend from the altar even if it ascended, Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan says: One who slaughters a sacrificial animal at night inside the Temple courtyard, and then offers it up on an altar outside the Temple courtyard, is liable to receive karet, which is the punishment for one who sacrifices an offering outside the Temple courtyard. Although one is normally liable for sacrificing an offering outside the Temple courtyard only if it was fit to be offered on the altar within the Temple, and an animal slaughtered at night is disqualified and shall descend from the altar according to Rabbi Yehuda,
