Bekhorot 60

לא יאמר אברור עשרה ואטול מהן אחד והשאר פטורים אלא כונסן לדיר ומוציא עשרה ונוטל מהן אחד והשאר מצטרפין לגורן אחר

he may not say: I will separate ten and bring them into the pen, and I will take one of them as animal tithe, and the rest will be exempt. Rather, he must bring them all into the pen and remove ten of them by causing them to emerge from the opening, and take one of them, the tenth one, as animal tithe. And the remainder combine with animals born later, to be tithed in another designated time of gathering.

והתניא תשעה עשר טלאים לא יאמר אברור עשרה ואטול מהן אחד והשאר פטורין אלא כונסן לדיר ומוציא עשרה ונוטל מהן אחד והשאר פטורין

The Gemara asks: But isn’t it taught in a baraita that if one has nineteen lambs he may not say: I will separate ten and bring them into the pen, and I will take one of them as animal tithe and the rest will be exempt; rather, he must bring them all into the pen and remove ten of them by causing them to emerge from the opening, and take one of them, the tenth one, and the remainder are exempt? According to this baraita, the remainder are not combined with animals born later.

תרגמה רב הונא בר סחורה קמיה דרבא בריגלא בדיר שיש לו שני פתחים עסקינן ויצאו תשעה בפתח זה ותשעה בפתח זה דהאיך חד חזי להכא ולהכא

Rav Huna bar Seḥora interpreted the baraita before Rava at the time of the Festival discourse: We are dealing with a pen that has two openings. And nine of the lambs emerged through this opening and nine of them went out through that opening, and this last one remaining in the pen is fit to come out here or to come out there. Therefore, all the lambs emerged as part of a tally fit to reach ten.

ולישני ליה כגון שמנה תשעה וכי מטא עשרה קרי חד מרישא קסבר עשירי מאליו קדוש

The Gemara challenges: But let him teach instead that the baraita is referring to a case where he counted nine, and when the tenth lamb arrived to be counted he called it number one and began counting again from the start. In such a case he designated only the nineteenth lamb that emerged as number ten, and therefore all the other lambs are exempt. The Gemara explains that Rav Huna bar Seḥora holds that the tenth animal to come out of the pen is sanctified of its own accord, even if it was designated as number one.

ולישני ליה בגורן ומנאן זוגות זוגות קסבר עשירי למנין בהמות הוא קדוש

The Gemara challenges: But let him teach instead that the baraita is referring to a case of a designated time for gathering the animals, and that the pen has only one opening, but he counted them pair by pair, i.e., he called the first pair number one, the second pair number two, and so on. In this manner, the nineteenth lamb would be designated as number ten and thereby exempt the others. The Gemara explains that Rav Huna bar Seḥora holds that the tenth according to the number of animals is sanctified, regardless of how he counts them. Accordingly, one of the fifth pair would be the tithed animal, and the remaining nine would not be considered part of a tally fit to reach ten.

אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק זכאי אימיה דרב הונא בר סחורה דשני ליה שמעתא בריגלא כשמעתיה

Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said with regard to this incident: The mother of Rav Huna bar Seḥora merited to give birth to such a son, who explained the halakha before Rava at the time of the Festival discourse in accordance with Rava’s own halakha.

מתני׳ יצאו שנים כאחת מונה אותם שנים שנים מנאן אחד תשיעי ועשירי מקולקלין

MISHNA: If two animals emerged as one, one counts them as twos, i.e., as though they came out one after the other. If he mistakenly counted two of the animals at the beginning or in the middle of the ten as one, and then continued his count, the ninth and the tenth are flawed, as he called the tenth: Ninth, and he called the eleventh: Tenth.

קרא לתשיעי עשירי ולעשירי תשיעי ולאחד עשר עשירי שלשתן מקודשין התשיעי נאכל במומו והעשירי מעשר ואחד עשר קרב שלמים ועושה תמורה דברי רבי מאיר

If he mistakenly called the ninth: Tenth, and the tenth: Ninth, and the eleventh: Tenth, the three of them are sacred, although each has a different halakhic status. The ninth is eaten in its blemished state; and the tenth is animal tithe, which is sacrificed in the Temple and eaten by its owner; and the eleventh is sacrificed as a peace offering, from which the breast and the thigh are given to the priest. And the eleventh renders a non-sacred animal that is exchanged for the peace offering consecrated as a substitute and he sacrifices it as a peace offering; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir.

אמר רבי יהודה וכי יש תמורה עושה תמורה אמרו משום רבי מאיר אילו היה תמורה לא היה קרב קרא לתשיעי עשירי ולעשירי עשירי ולאחד עשר עשירי אין אחד עשר מקודש זה הכלל כל שלא נעקר שם עשירי ממנו אין אחד עשר מקודש

Rabbi Yehuda said: The eleventh animal itself, which he called tenth, is a substitute for animal tithe, and does a substitute render another animal a substitute? Everyone agrees that a substitute is created only in exchange for an originally consecrated animal. The Sages said in the name of Rabbi Meir: The eleventh animal is not considered a substitute for the animal tithe, since if it were a substitute it would not be sacrificed, as the substitute for an animal tithe is not sacrificed. If one called the ninth animal: Tenth, and the tenth: Tenth, and the eleventh: Tenth, the eleventh is not consecrated. This is the principle: In any situation where the name of the tenth was not removed from the tenth animal, the eleventh that was called the tenth is not consecrated.

גמ׳ אמר רבי יוחנן מנאן זוגות זוגות קינטרן קינטרן עשירי למנינו הוא קדוש

GEMARA: Rabbi Yoḥanan says: If one counted the animals pair by pair, i.e., he called the first pair: One, and the second pair: Two, and so on, or if one counted them hundred [kinteran] by hundred, the tenth according to his number is sanctified.

למנינו מאי רב מארי אמר למנין שלו הוא קדוש רב כהנא אמר למנין בהמות הוא קדוש

The Gemara asks: When Rabbi Yoḥanan says that the tenth is sanctified according to his number, what does he mean? Rav Mari says: It is sanctified according to his counting, i.e., all the animals in whichever pair or group he calls: Ten, are sanctified, e.g., the tenth pair, which consists of the nineteenth and twentieth animals. Rav Kahana says: It is sanctified according to the number of animals, regardless of how he designates them.

תנן יצאו שנים כאחת מונה אותן שנים שנים מנאן אחד תשיעי ועשירי מקולקלין

The Gemara cites support for Rav Mari’s opinion. We learned in the mishna: If two animals emerged as one, one counts them as twos. If he mistakenly counted a pair of animals in the middle as one and continued his count, the ninth and the tenth are flawed, as he called the tenth: Ninth, and the eleventh: Tenth.

בשלמא למאן דאמר למנין שלו הוא קדוש משום הכי הוו תשיעי ועשירי מקולקלין ולעשירי קא קרי ליה תשיעי ולאחד עשר עשירי אלא למאן דאמר למנין בהמות הוא קדוש לתשיעי תשיעי קא קרי ליה ולעשירי עשירי קא קרי ליה

Granted, according to the one who says: It is sanctified according to his counting, i.e., Rav Mari, it is due to that reason that the ninth and the tenth are flawed, because the number by which one designates them is significant, and he called the tenth animal the ninth, and the eleventh he designated as tenth. But according to the one who says that the animal is sanctified according to the number of animals regardless of how the owner designates each one, i.e., Rav Kahana, why are they flawed? It should be considered as though he called the ninth animal the ninth, and the tenth animal he called: Tenth.

אמר לך רבי יוחנן כי אמינא אנא היכי דאיכוין לאפוקי זוגות זוגות היכא דנפק ממילא לא

The Gemara answers that according to Rav Kahana, Rabbi Yoḥanan could have said to you: When I said the designation goes according to the animal I was referring only to a case where he intended to take out the animals pair by pair, and he did not err. In such a case his designation is nullified and the animals are sanctified in accordance with the order they left the pen. But with regard to a case where the animal emerged by itself and the owner miscounted I did not say the designation goes according to the number of the animal, as the Torah explicitly includes a case where the sanctification follows a mistaken designation (see 60b).

תא שמע מנאן למפרע עשירי שבמנין הוא קדוש בשלמא למאן דאמר למנין בהמות הוא קדוש שפיר אלא למאן דאמר למנין שלו הוא קדוש עשירי חד קרי ליה

The Gemara suggests: Come and hear another proof from a baraita: If one counted them backward, i.e., ten, nine, eight, and so on, the tenth animal in the numbering, which he designated as number one, is sanctified. Granted, according to the one who says that the tithe is sanctified according to the number of animals regardless of how he designates each animal, i.e., Rav Kahana, this works out well, as the tenth animal is sanctified. But according to the one who says it is sanctified according to his counting, i.e., Rav Mari, why is the tenth animal sanctified? After all, he called the tenth animal number one.

אמר רבא הואיל ואיתיה במנינא פרסאה דקרו לעשרה חד

Rava said: The tenth animal is sanctified according to Rav Mari because it has been counted as number ten in Persian counting, as they call the tenth one in their language by the term one, i.e., they count only in units of ten, and call these units: One. Therefore, in this case there is no contradiction between the designation and the number of the animal.

קרא לתשיעי עשירי ולעשירי תשיעי ולאחד עשר עשירי תנו רבנן מנין שאם קרא לתשיעי עשירי ולעשירי תשיעי ולאחד עשר עשירי ששלשתן מקודשין

§ The mishna teaches: If he mistakenly called the ninth: Tenth, and the tenth: Ninth, and the eleventh: Tenth, all three are sacred, although each has a different halakhic status. The Gemara cites a relevant baraita: The Sages taught: From where is it derived that if one mistakenly called the ninth animal: Tenth, and the tenth animal: Ninth, and the eleventh animal: Tenth, that all three of them are sanctified?

תלמוד לומר וכל מעשר בקר וצאן כל אשר יעבור תחת השבט העשירי יהיה קדש יכול שאני מרבה אף שמיני ושנים עשר

The verse states: “And all the tithe of the herd or the flock, whatever passes under the rod, the tenth shall be sacred to the Lord” (Leviticus 27:32). This indicates that the tenth animal that passes under the rod is imbued with sanctity, in addition to any animal that the owner designates as the tenth. One might have thought that I include even the eighth animal or the twelfth animal, if they were mistakenly designated as the tenth.

אמרת הואיל והוא קדוש וטעותו מתקדשת מה הוא אינו מקודש אלא בסמוך אף טעותו אינה מתקדשת אלא בסמוך

You said in response that since the tenth animal is sanctified and the animal that he designated by mistake as the tenth is sanctified, their statuses should be compared: Just as the tenth animal is sanctified only with an animal that was close to the number ten, i.e., it itself was the tenth, so too, an animal that was designated by mistake is sanctified only if it is close to the number ten, i.e., if it is the ninth or eleventh, but not if it is the eighth or the twelfth.

והתניא מה הוא מיוחד אף טעותו מיוחדת

The mishna teaches that if one mistakenly designated the ninth and the eleventh animals as the tenth they are both sanctified. The Gemara raises a difficulty: But isn’t it taught in a baraita that just as the tenth animal itself is unique, i.e., it is only one, so too, an animal that was designated by mistake is unique, i.e., only one additional animal receives the sanctity, but not both the ninth and the eleventh?

תאני תנא קמיה דרבי יוחנן הא מני רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון היא דתניא רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון אומר לעולם אין אחד עשר קדוש עד שישתוק בתשיעי ויקרא לעשירי תשיעי ולאחד עשר עשירי

The Gemara answers that a tanna taught before Rabbi Yoḥanan: In accordance with whose opinion is this baraita? It is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, as it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, says: The eleventh animal is never sanctified unless the owner is silent when the ninth animal leaves the pen, i.e., he does not designate it as the tenth, and he subsequently calls the tenth animal the ninth and the eleventh animal the tenth. But if he had already designated the ninth animal as the tenth, the eleventh cannot become sanctified.

סבר לה כרבי יהודה דאמר טעות מעשר תמורה הוי וסבר לה כאבוה דאמר אין מימר חוזר ומימר

The Gemara further explains that Rabbi Elazar, son of Rabbi Shimon, holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who says: When the owner makes a mistake in designating animal tithe, e.g., if one designates the ninth animal as the tenth, the designated animal has the status of a substitute animal. And Rabbi Elazar also holds in accordance with the opinion of his father, Rabbi Shimon, who says: One cannot effect substitution on one animal by substituting it for a specific offering, and again effect substitution, on another animal, by substituting it for the same offering, and if one attempts to do so the second animal does not become consecrated. Therefore, if one mistakenly called the ninth animal the tenth, that ninth animal has sanctity; but if he also calls the eleventh animal the tenth, this designation has no effect.

אמר רבא יצאו שנים בתשיעי קראן תשיעי עשירי וחולין מעורבין זה בזה עשירי מאליו קדוש לתשיעי תשיעי קא קרי ליה

§ Rava says: If two animals emerged from the pen together as the ninth, and he called them both the ninth, then the tenth, i.e., the tithe, and a non-sacred animal are considered intermingled with each other. Rava elaborates: The tenth is sanctified of its own accord, despite the fact that he called it the ninth. And the animal that came out ninth is non-sacred, as it came out ninth and he called it the ninth. Since there is no way to determine which animal is which, neither of them can be brought as an offering, and they must both be left to graze until they develop a blemish.

קראן עשירי עשירי ותשיעי מעורבין זה בזה מאי טעמא עשירי קא קרי להו לתרוייהו

If two animals emerged from the pen together as the ninth, and he called them both the tenth, then the tenth, i.e., the tithe, and the ninth animal, which he designated as the tenth, are intermingled with each other. What is the reason? He called both of them the tenth. The tenth has the sanctity of the tithe while the ninth was designated as the tenth, and therefore may not be eaten until it develops a blemish. Since there is no way to determine which animal is which, neither can be sacrificed, but they must both be left to graze until they develop a blemish.

יצאו שנים בעשירי וקראן עשירי עשירי ואחד עשר מעורבין זה בזה קראן אחד עשר עשירי וחולין מעורבין זה בזה

If two animals emerged from the pen together as the tenth, and he called them both the tenth, then the tenth, and the eleventh animal, which he designated as the tenth, are intermingled with each other. If he called them both the eleventh, the tenth and a non-sacred animal are intermingled with each other.

הא תו למה לי היינו הך הא קא משמע לן דכל בת אחת תרווייהו קא קדשי ואף על גב דלא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו

The Gemara asks: Why do I need this additional case? This reasoning for the halakha in the case where the animals emerged together as the tenth is identical to that of the first case, where the animals emerged together as the ninth. The Gemara answers: This latter clause teaches us that in every case where two animals emerge as one they are both sanctified, and this is the halakha even though the name of the tenth was not removed from the tenth animal. This situation is not included in the principle of the mishna: In any situation where the name of the tenth was not removed from the tenth animal, the eleventh that was called tenth is not consecrated.

יתיב רב כהנא וקאמר ליה להא שמעתא אמר ליה רב אשי לרב כהנא והלא לא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו ותנן זה הכלל כל זמן שלא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו אין אחד עשר מקודש הני מילי בזה אחר זה אבל בבת אחת תרוייהו קא קדשי

The Gemara relates that Rav Kahana sat and recited this halakha. Rav Ashi said to Rav Kahana: But the name of the tenth has not been removed from it. And didn’t we learn in the mishna that this is the principle: In any situation where the name of the tenth was not removed from the tenth animal, the eleventh that was called tenth is not consecrated? Rav Kahana replied to Rav Ashi: This statement, that the designation of tenth must be removed, applies only when the animals leave the pen one after the other. But if two animals emerge from the pen at the same time, and he simultaneously designated the tenth and eleventh as tithe, both of them are sanctified.

זה אחר זה בהדיא קתני לה קרא לתשיעי עשירי ולעשירי עשירי ולאחד עשר עשירי אין אחד עשר מקודש זה הכלל לאיתויי מאי לאו לאיתויי בבת אחת

The Gemara raises a difficulty: How can the mishna be explained as referring only to a case where the animals left the pen one after the other? After all, the mishna teaches explicitly: If one called the ninth animal: Tenth, and the tenth: Tenth, and the eleventh: Tenth, the eleventh is not consecrated. This is the principle: In any situation where the name of the tenth was not removed from the tenth animal, the eleventh that was called tenth is not consecrated. What does the phrase: This is the principle, serve to include? Does it not serve to include a case where the tenth and eleventh animals leave the pen at the same time? And if so, it is teaching that in such a case the eleventh animal is not sanctified.

לא לאיתויי יצא עשירי ולא דבר דהא לא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו

Rav Kahana would answer: No; it serves not to include that case, but to include a situation where the tenth animal emerged from the pen and the owner did not speak at all, and when the eleventh animal came out he designated it as the tenth. Therefore, the eleventh animal is not sanctified, as he did not remove the name of the tenth from the tenth animal. But if the tenth and eleventh animals came out at the same time, and he designated them both as the tenth, they are both sanctified.

דאי לא תימא הכי הא דתניא יצאו שנים בעשירי ולא קדם אחד מהן את חבירו וקראן עשירי עשירי ואחד עשר מעורבין זה בזה והלא לא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו אלא לאו משום דאמרינן כל בבת אחת תרוייהו קא קדשי

The Gemara adds that this must be the case, because if you do not say this explanation of the mishna there is a problem with that which is taught in a baraita: If two animals emerged from the pen together as the tenth, and one did not come out before the other, and he called them both the tenth, the tenth and eleventh animals are intermingled with each other. One is sacred with the sanctity of the animal tithe while the other is a peace offering, but there is no way to determine which animal is which. The Gemara explains the problem here: How can this baraita be reconciled with the mishna? He did not remove the name of the tenth from the tenth animal. Rather, is it not due to the fact that we say: In any case where two animals come out of the pen at the same time both of them are sanctified?

אי משום הא לא איריא הכא במאי עסקינן דקדים חד מינייהו ואפיק לרישיה וקרייה אחד עשר והדר איערוב ונפוק בהדדי וקרינהו עשירי דהא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו

Rav Ashi would rebut this claim: If it is due to that reason there is no conclusive argument. Here we are dealing with a case where one of the two animals came out before the other and brought its head out from the pen, and the owner called that animal the eleventh, and afterward it became intermingled with the other animals, and the last two animals came out together, and he called them both the tenth animal. In such a case both animals are sanctified, as the name of the tenth was removed from the tenth animal when he mistakenly called it the eleventh animal.

והא לא קדם קתני מאי לא קדם דהדר איערוב

The Gemara raises a difficulty with regard to this explanation: How can one interpret the baraita as referring to a case where one animal put its head out before the other? But isn’t it taught explicitly in the baraita: And one did not come out before the other? The Gemara answers: What does the baraita mean when it states: And one did not come out before the other? It means that it did not come out completely, but returned and became intermingled with the other animals.

וכמאן דלא כרבי דאי רבי האמר אחד עשר לא הוי עקירה

The Gemara asks: And in accordance with whose opinion is this baraita taught? It is not taught in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. As, if it reflects the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi there is a difficulty. Doesn’t Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi say: If one called the tenth animal the eleventh, it is not considered a removal of the name of the tenth from the tenth animal?

אפילו תימא רבי כי אמר רבי היכא דאית ליה בהמות טובא דאמרינן חד עישורא קאמר הכא דלית ליה בהמות טפי

The Gemara answers: You may even say that the baraita is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, as when Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said his statement he was referring only to a case where the owner has many animals to tithe. The reason is that we say that when he said: Aḥad asar, eleventh, his intention was to say: Ḥad issura, one group of ten, i.e., that this tenth animal completes one set of ten animals, not that it is the eleventh. Here it is referring to a situation where he does not have many animals to tithe, and therefore he could not have been speaking of more than one set of ten, in which case Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi agrees that calling it the eleventh removes its status as the tenth.

מאי רבי דתניא קרא לעשירי אחד עשר ולאחד עשר עשירי אין אחד עשר קדוש דברי רבי רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה אומר אחד עשר קדוש כלל אמר רבי כל זמן שלא נעקר שם עשירי הימנו אין אחד עשר קדוש אמר רבא הכא במאי עסקינן כגון דאית ליה בהמות טובא דאמרינן חד עישורא קאמר

The Gemara asks: To what statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi is the Gemara referring? As it is taught in a baraita: If one called the tenth animal the eleventh and the eleventh animal the tenth, the eleventh animal is not sanctified; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: The eleventh animal is sanctified. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi said a principle: As long as the name of the tenth has not been removed from the tenth animal, the eleventh animal is not sanctified. To clarify why the eleventh animal is not sanctified according to Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi even though the name of the tenth was removed from the tenth animal when it was called the eleventh, Rava said: Here we are dealing with a case where he has many animals, and the reason is that we say that when he said: Aḥad asar, his intention was to say: Ḥad issura.

יצאו שנים בעשירי תנא חדא ירעו ותנא חדא יקריבו ותניא אידך ימותו

§ The Gemara returns to the earlier discussion. The baraita teaches: If two animals emerged from the pen together as the tenth, and one did not come out before the other, and he called them both the tenth, the tenth and eleventh animals are intermingled with each other. The Gemara notes that there is apparently a dispute between tanna’im as to how these animals must be treated. One tanna taught that both animals must be left to graze until they develop a blemish, and then they may be eaten by the owner. And one tanna taught that both animals must be sacrificed. And it is taught in another baraita that both animals must die.

לא קשיא הא דתנא ירעו רבנן היא דאמרי אין מביאין קדשים לבית הפסול

The Gemara resolves the apparent contradiction. It is not difficult: This ruling, of the tanna who taught that both animals must be left to graze until they develop a blemish, is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, who say: One may not bring sacrificial animals to a situation where the time in which they may be eaten is decreased, thereby increasing the likelihood of disqualification. If both animals were to be sacrificed they would have to be eaten in accordance with the stringencies of both the animal tithe offering and the peace offering. They would have to be eaten within two days, like a peace offering, while the breast and the thigh would be given to the priests, as in the case of an animal tithe offering. Since only priests may eat those portions it is possible that they would be unable to eat them within the permitted time, and the remaining meat would become disqualified.