Laws regarding cooking liver are discussed. Can one eat a parve hot foot on a meat plate with milk? Can one cut a food with a meat knife and eat it with dairy food?
This week’s learning is sponsored for the merit and safety of Haymanut (Emuna) Kasau, who was 9 years old when she disappeared from her home in Tzfat two years ago, on the 16th of Adar, 5784 (February 25, 2024), and whose whereabouts remain unknown.
This week’s learning is dedicated of the safety of our nation, the soldiers and citizens of Israel, and for the liberation of the Iranian people. May we soon see the realization of “ליהודים היתה אורה ושמחה וששון ויקר”.
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This week’s learning is sponsored for the merit and safety of Haymanut (Emuna) Kasau, who was 9 years old when she disappeared from her home in Tzfat two years ago, on the 16th of Adar, 5784 (February 25, 2024), and whose whereabouts remain unknown.
This week’s learning is dedicated of the safety of our nation, the soldiers and citizens of Israel, and for the liberation of the Iranian people. May we soon see the realization of “ליהודים היתה אורה ושמחה וששון ויקר”.
Chullin 111
וּמִשּׁוּם שַׁמְנוּנִיתָא. מִשּׁוּם דְּמָא, מַאי?
And the other food is not forbidden due to the liver’s blood, but rather due to the fat of the liver it absorbed. But if permitted liver is cooked with another piece of meat, and the concern is only that the meat might be prohibited due to the meat absorbing excess blood from the liver, what is the halakha? Perhaps blood is absorbed less easily than fat.
כִּי הֲדַר סְלֵיק, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ לְרַבִּי זְרִיקָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַאי נָמֵי לָא תִּבְּעֵי לָךְ, דַּאֲנָא וְיַנַּאי בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אַמֵּי אִיקַּלְעַן לְבֵי יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן פַּזִּי, וְקָרִיבוּ לַן קַנְיָא בְּקוֹפֵיהּ, וַאֲכַלְנָא.
When Rav Safra again ascended to Eretz Yisrael, he found Rabbi Zerika once more and asked him about liver cooked with another piece of meat. Rabbi Zerika said to him: You need not ask this question either, as I and Yannai, son of Rabbi Ami, arrived at the house of Yehuda, son of Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, and they brought before us the windpipe of an animal with all the parts attached to it, i.e., the lungs, heart, and liver, all of which had been cooked together, and we ate it. This proves that the blood emitted from the liver does not render prohibited other pieces of meat cooked with it.
מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב אָשֵׁי, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל מִזְּרוּקִינְיָא: וְדִלְמָא פִּי קָנֶה חוּץ לִקְדֵרָה הֲוָה, אִי נָמֵי מִיחְלָט הֲוָה חָלֵיט לֵיהּ מֵעִיקָּרָא, כִּי הָא דְּרַב הוּנָא חָלְטִי לֵיהּ בְּחַלָּא, וְרַב נַחְמָן חָלְטִי לֵיהּ בְּרוֹתְחִין.
Rav Ashi, and some say Rabbi Shmuel from Zerokinya, objects to this conclusion: But perhaps in that incident the mouth of the windpipe was positioned outside of the pot, allowing the liver’s excess blood to run out of the pot rather than being absorbed by the other pieces of meat. Alternatively, perhaps they poured boiling liquid on the liver at the outset, before it was cooked with the lung and heart, like that custom of Rav Huna, for whom they would pour boiling vinegar on liver, and that of Rav Naḥman, for whom they would pour boiling water on liver. This would cook the excess blood into the liver and prevent it from diffusing into the other pieces. Abaye’s question remains unresolved.
וּסְבַר רַב פָּפָּא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא לְמֵימַר: חַלָּא אֲסִיר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי חַלָּא אֲסִיר – אִיהוּ נָמֵי אֲסִיר, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּפָלֵיט – הֲדַר בָּלַע.
And with regard to the pouring of boiling vinegar on the liver, Rav Pappa, when he was a student before Rava, thought to say that the vinegar becomes prohibited for consumption in the process, since it absorbs blood from the liver. Rava said to Rav Pappa: If you claim that the vinegar is prohibited, then the liver itself should also be prohibited, since just as the liver expels blood and prohibits the vinegar, so too it then absorbs the blood back from the forbidden vinegar. Rather, one must say that no blood is expelled from the liver during this process at all, which is why the liver is permitted afterward.
רַב בַּר שְׁבָא אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רַב נַחְמָן, אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ כַּבְדָּא שְׁלִיקָא, וְלָא אֲכַל. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: בַּר בֵּי רַב דִּלְגָיו לָא אָכֵיל, וּמַנּוּ? רַב בַּר שַׁבָּא. אֲמַר לְהוּ רַב נַחְמָן: גַּאמוּ לְשַׁבָּא.
The Gemara relates that Rav bar Shabba visited the house of Rav Naḥman. They brought him cooked liver, but Rava bar Shabba did not partake of it. The members of the household said to Rav Naḥman: There is a student of Torah inside who is not eating. And who is he? Rav bar Shabba. Rav Naḥman said to them: Feed Shabba against his will.
כְּתַנָּאֵי: רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: הַכָּבֵד אוֹסֶרֶת וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱסֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁפּוֹלֶטֶת וְאֵינָהּ בּוֹלַעַת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה אוֹמֵר: מְתוּבֶּלֶת – אוֹסֶרֶת וְנֶאֱסֶרֶת, שְׁלוּקָה – אוֹסֶרֶת וְנֶאֱסֶרֶת.
The Gemara notes: Abaye’s question above with regard to liver cooked with other meat is subject to a dispute between tanna’im, as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Eliezer says: The liver that was cooked with other pieces of meat prohibits them, but it itself is not prohibited, because it expels blood as it cooks but does not absorb it again. Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, says: If the liver was spiced when cooking, it prohibits the other meat and it becomes prohibited as well, as the spices cause the liver to reabsorb the blood that was expelled. Likewise, if the liver was stewed, i.e., heavily cooked, it renders the other pieces prohibited and is itself prohibited.
רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא אִקְּלַע לְבֵי רַבָּה בַּר רַב נַחְמָן, אַיְיתִי לְקַמֵּיהּ תְּלָת סָאוֵי טַחְאֵי, אֲמַר לְהוּ: מִי הֲוָה יָדְעִיתוּ דְּאָתֵינָא? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: מִי עֲדִיפַתְּ לַן מִינַּהּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג״!
The Gemara relates: Rabba bar Rav Huna visited the house of Rabba bar Rav Naḥman and dined with him on Shabbat. They brought before him three se’a of fine bread that had been kneaded in oil and honey. Rabba bar Rav Huna said to the members of Rabba bar Rav Naḥman’s household: Did you know that I was coming, that you prepared such superior food? They said to him: Are you more distinguished than Shabbat, as it is written with regard to Shabbat: “If you proclaim Shabbat a delight, the sacred day of God honored” (Isaiah 58:13).
אַדְּהָכִי, אַשְׁכַּח הָהוּא כַּבְדָּא דַּהֲוָה בַּהּ סִמְפּוֹנָא דִּבְלִיעָא דְּמָא, אֲמַר לְהוּ: אַמַּאי עָבְדִיתוּ הָכִי? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: אֶלָּא הֵיכִי נַעֲבֵיד? אֲמַר לְהוּ: קְרַעוּ שְׁתִי וָעֵרֶב, וְחִיתּוּכָא לְתַחַת.
Meanwhile, Rabba bar Rav Huna found among the dishes before him a certain liver that contained an artery suffused with blood. He said to the members of the household: Why do you do this? Although the blood absorbed in the liver is permitted, that which is collected in the blood vessels is prohibited. The members of the household said to him: Rather, what should we do in order to prepare the liver? Rabba bar Rav Huna said to them: First tear the liver lengthwise and widthwise, and position the side with the tear downward, so that the blood will flow out when you place it on the fire.
וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי כַּבְדָּא, אֲבָל טְחָלָא – שׁוּמְנָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא, כִּי הָא דִּשְׁמוּאֵל עָבְדִי לֵיהּ תַּבְשִׁילָא דִטְחָלֵי בְּיוֹמָא דְּעָבֵיד מִלְּתָא.
The Gemara comments: And this statement applies only to liver, due to the blood that collects in its blood vessels; but there is no need to tear the spleen in this manner, as it merely contains fat. And this ruling accords with that which is reported about Shmuel, that his attendants would prepare a dish of spleens for him on the day that he performed the practice of bloodletting.
אִתְּמַר: כַּבְדָּא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – שְׁרֵי, דְּמָא מִשְׁרָק שָׁרֵיק. כַּחְלָא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – אָסוּר. מַאי טַעְמָא? חָלָב סָרוֹכֵי מְסָרֵיךְ.
§ It was stated: If liver and other meat are roasted on spits in an oven such that the liver is positioned on top of the meat, the meat is permitted even though blood from the liver flows onto it. This is because the blood that flows from an item roasting in the oven slides over meat located underneath it and is not absorbed. But if an udder is positioned on top of the meat when roasted in the oven, the meat is prohibited. What is the reason? It is that the milk expelled by the roasting udder adheres to and is absorbed by the meat.
רַב דִּימִי מִנְּהַרְדְּעָא מַתְנֵי אִפְכָּא: כַּחְלָא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – שְׁרֵי, מַאי טַעְמָא? חֵלֶב שְׁחוּטָה דְּרַבָּנַן, כַּבְדָּא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – אֲסִיר, דָּם דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.
Rav Dimi from Neharde’a would teach the opposite: Whenever an udder is positioned on top of the meat, the meat is permitted. What is the reason? The prohibition of meat cooked in milk of a slaughtered animal applies by rabbinic law, and is treated less stringently. But if liver is positioned on top of the meat, the meat is prohibited, as the prohibition of blood applies by Torah law, and one must be concerned that perhaps the meat will absorb blood from the liver.
דָּרֵשׁ מָרִימָר: הִלְכְתָא, בֵּין כַּבְדָּא בֵּין כַּחְלָא, תּוּתֵי בִּשְׂרָא – שְׁרֵי, עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – דִּיעֲבַד אִין, לְכַתְּחִלָּה לָא.
Mareimar taught in public: The halakha is: Whether in the case of liver or in the case of an udder, if it is underneath the meat, the meat is permitted, but if it is on top of the meat, then after the fact, yes, the meat is permitted, but ab initio, no, one may not situate them in this manner.
רַב אָשֵׁי אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רָמֵי בַּר אַבָּא חֲמוּהּ, חַזְיֵיהּ לִבְרֵיהּ דְּרָמֵי בַּר אַבָּא דְּקָא
The Gemara relates: Rav Ashi arrived at the house of his father-in-law Rami bar Abba, and he saw that the son of Rami bar Abba was
שָׁפֵיד כַּבְדָּא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא, אָמַר: כַּמָּה יְהִיר הַאי מֵרַבָּנַן! אֵימַר דַּאֲמוּר רַבָּנַן דִּיעֲבַד, לְכַתְּחִלָּה מִי אֲמוּר?
skewering liver on top of meat for roasting. Rav Ashi said: How haughty is this Sage! Even if you say that the Sages stated that one may eat meat roasted under liver after the fact, did they say that one may roast them in this manner ab initio?
וְאִי אִיכָּא בֵּי דוּגֵי, בִּשְׂרָא עִילָּוֵי כַּבְדָּא נָמֵי אֲסִיר.
The Gemara adds: And if there is a receptacle under the spit for the drippings of fat, then even if the meat is on top of the liver it is also prohibited to roast the meat, as the blood from the liver will fall into the fat in the vessel, and one might come to eat the mixture.
וּמַאי שְׁנָא מִדְּמָא דְּבִשְׂרָא? דְּמָא דְּבִשְׂרָא – שָׁכֵן, דְּמָא דְּכַבְדָּא – קָפֵי.
The Gemara asks: And in what way is this case different from roasting a piece of meat by itself over such a vessel, which is permitted? Here too the blood of the meat drips into the fat in the vessel. The Gemara answers: Blood of most meat sinks to the bottom of the vessel, while the fat floats on top. Since the fat can be separated from the blood, it is permitted. By contrast, the blood of the liver floats above the fat and cannot be removed from it, and therefore the entire mixture is prohibited.
אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: סַכִּין שֶׁשָּׁחַט בָּהּ, אָסוּר לַחְתּוֹךְ בָּהּ רוֹתֵחַ. צוֹנֵן – אָמְרִי לַהּ בָּעֲיָא הַדָּחָה, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ לָא בָּעֲיָא הַדָּחָה.
§ Rav Naḥman says that Shmuel says: The knife with which one slaughtered an animal absorbs blood due to its heat, and it is therefore prohibited to cut any boiling food with it, since that food will in turn absorb the blood from the knife. If one cut cold food with this knife, some say that the piece he cut requires rinsing before one may eat it, and some say that it does not require rinsing.
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: קְעָרָה שֶׁמָּלַח בָּהּ בָּשָׂר, אָסוּר לֶאֱכוֹל בָּהּ רוֹתֵחַ, וּשְׁמוּאֵל לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: מָלִיחַ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּרוֹתֵחַ, וְכָבוּשׁ הֲרֵי הוּא כִּמְבוּשָּׁל.
§ The Gemara cites other statements of Shmuel. Rav Yehuda says that Shmuel says: With regard to a bowl in which meat was salted to remove its blood before cooking, it is prohibited to eat any boiling food placed in it, as that food absorbs blood of the meat from the bowl. And in this Shmuel conforms to his standard line of reasoning, as Shmuel said: A salted food imparts its flavor like a boiling food, and a food item marinated in vinegar, brine, or the like absorbs flavor from the liquid or vessel as would a cooked food.
כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מָלִיחַ אֵינוֹ כְּרוֹתֵחַ, וְכָבוּשׁ אֵינוֹ כִּמְבוּשָּׁל. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָא דְּרָבִין לֵיתַהּ, דְּהַהִיא פִּינְכָּא דַּהֲוָה בֵּי רַבִּי אַמֵּי, דְּמָלַח בֵּיהּ בִּשְׂרָא, וְתַבְרֵיהּ. מִכְּדֵי, רַבִּי אַמֵּי תַּלְמִיד דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הֲוָה, מַאי טַעְמָא תַּבְרֵיהּ? לָאו מִשּׁוּם דִּשְׁמִיעָא לֵיהּ מִינֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן דְּאָמַר: מָלִיחַ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּרוֹתֵחַ!
When Ravin came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia he said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A salted food is not considered like a boiling food, and a marinated food is not considered like a cooked food. Abaye said: I can prove that this ruling that Ravin cited is not correct, as there was a certain bowl [pinka] in Rabbi Ami’s house in which meat was salted, and Rabbi Ami broke it so that it would no longer be used. Now Rabbi Ami was a student of Rabbi Yoḥanan. What is the reason he broke that bowl? Is it not because he heard that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A salted food is considered like a boiling food? Ravin’s citation was evidently in error.
יָתֵיב רַב כָּהֲנָא אֲחוּהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב הוּנָא, וְיָתֵיב וְקָאָמַר: קְעָרָה שֶׁמָּלַח בָּהּ בָּשָׂר – אָסוּר לֶאֱכוֹל בָּהּ רוֹתֵחַ, וּצְנוֹן שֶׁחֲתָכוֹ בְּסַכִּין – מוּתָּר לְאׇכְלוֹ בְּכוּתָּח.
Rav Kahana, the brother of Rav Yehuda, sat before Rav Huna, and he sat and said: With regard to a bowl in which meat was salted, it is prohibited to eat any boiling food placed in it. And he added: With regard to a radish that one cut with a knife used for cutting meat, it is permitted to eat it with kutaḥ, a food that contains milk, even though the sharpness of the radish causes it to absorb the fat of the meat from the knife.
מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הַאי – הֶיתֵּרָא בָּלַע, וְהַאי – אִיסּוּרָא בָּלַע.
The Gemara asks: What is the reason to distinguish between blood absorbed in a bowl and fat absorbed by the radish? Abaye said: This radish absorbed a permitted substance, as the fat on the knife is permitted for consumption by itself, but that bowl in which meat was salted absorbed a prohibited substance, i.e., blood.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: כִּי בָּלַע הֶיתֵּרָא, מַאי הָוֵי? סוֹף סוֹף, הַאי הֶיתֵּרָא דְּאָתֵי לִידֵי אִיסּוּרָא הוּא, דְּאִיסּוּרָא קָאָכֵיל! אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: הַאי אֶפְשָׁר לְמִטְעֲמֵיהּ, וְהַאי לָא אֶפְשָׁר לְמִטְעֲמֵיהּ.
Rava said to Abaye: And if the radish absorbed a permitted substance, what of it? Ultimately, if one desires to eat the radish with kutaḥ, it is a permitted substance that leads to a prohibition, as he will eat a prohibited substance. Rather, Rava said: The distinction is that with regard to this radish, it is possible for a Jew to taste it before eating it with milk to see if it has acquired the flavor of meat. But with regard to that bowl, it is not possible for a Jew to taste its contents to see whether they have absorbed blood.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְרָבָא: וְלִיטְעֲמֵיהּ קַפִּילָא אֲרַמָּאָה, מִי לָא תְּנַן: קְדֵרָה שֶׁבִּישֵּׁל בָּהּ בָּשָׂר לֹא יְבַשֵּׁל בָּהּ חָלָב, וְאִם בִּשֵּׁל – בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בִּשֵּׁל בָּהּ תְּרוּמָה לֹא יְבַשֵּׁל בָּהּ חוּלִּין, וְאִם בִּשֵּׁל – בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם.
Rav Pappa said to Rava: But let a gentile cook taste the contents of the bowl to see whether they have the taste of blood. Didn’t we learn in the Tosefta (Terumot 8:12): With regard to a pot in which one cooked meat, one may not cook milk in it, and if he cooked milk in it, the meat absorbed in the pot renders the milk forbidden if it imparts flavor to the milk. Likewise, if one cooked teruma in the pot, he may not cook non-sacred food in it, and if he cooked non-sacred food in it, the non-sacred food is prohibited if there is sufficient teruma absorbed in the pot to impart flavor to the non-sacred food.
וְאָמְרִינַן: בִּשְׁלָמָא תְּרוּמָה – טָעֵים לַהּ כֹּהֵן, אֶלָּא בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב – מַאן טָעֵים לַהּ? וַאֲמַר לַן: לִיטְעֲמֵיהּ קַפִּילָא! הָכִי נָמֵי לִיטְעֲמֵיהּ קַפִּילָא! הָכִי נָמֵי, כִּי קָאָמֵינָא – דְּלֵיכָּא קַפִּילָא.
And we said with regard to this baraita: Granted, one can know whether the non-sacred food has acquired the flavor of teruma, as a priest can taste it. But with regard to the prohibition of meat cooked in milk, who can taste it? And you, Rava, said to us: Let a gentile cook taste it. So too here, with regard to the food in the bowl, let a gentile cook taste it. Rava responded: Indeed, a gentile cook can discover whether the food in the bowl has absorbed the taste of blood. When I said my statement I was referring to a case where there is no gentile cook available.
אִיתְּמַר: דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה, רַב אָמַר: אָסוּר לְאָכְלָן בְּכוּתָּח, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: מוּתָּר לְאָכְלָן בְּכוּתָּח.
§ It was stated: If a fish was removed from the fire and placed, still hot, in a bowl in which meat had been eaten, Rav says: It is prohibited to eat the fish with the milk dish kutaḥ, since the fish has absorbed meat from the bowl. And Shmuel says: It is permitted to eat the fish with kutaḥ.
רַב אָמַר: אָסוּר, נוֹתֵן טַעַם הוּא; וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: מוּתָּר, נוֹתֵן טַעַם בַּר נוֹתֵן טַעַם הוּא.
The Gemara explains: Rav says that it is prohibited to eat the fish with kutaḥ because this is a case of imparted flavor, i.e., from the meat to the fish. And Shmuel says that it is permitted because the flavor is first imparted to the bowl, and only then from the bowl to the fish. This is therefore a case of imparted flavor derived from imparted flavor.
וְהָא דְּרַב, לָאו בְּפֵירוּשׁ אִיתְּמַר, אֶלָּא מִכְּלָלָא אִיתְּמַר. דְּרַב אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רַב שִׁימִי בַּר חִיָּיא בַּר בְּרֵיהּ, חַשׁ (בְּעֵינָיו) [בְּעֵינֵיהּ], עֲבַדוּ לֵיהּ שְׁיָיפָא בְּצָעָא, בָּתַר הָכִי רְמוֹ לֵיהּ בִּשּׁוּלָא בְּגַוַּוהּ, טָעֵים לֵיהּ טַעְמָא דִּשְׁיָיפָא, אֲמַר: יָהֵיב טַעְמָא כּוּלֵּי הַאי. וְלָא הִיא, שָׁאנֵי הָתָם דִּנְפִישׁ מְרָרֵהּ טְפֵי.
The Gemara notes: And this opinion of Rav was not stated explicitly; rather, it was stated by inference. As Rav arrived at the house of Rav Shimi bar Ḥiyya, the son of his son. He felt pain in his eyes, and they prepared for him an ointment in an earthenware bowl as a remedy. Later they placed a dish for him in that same bowl. Rav tasted in that dish the flavor of the ointment and said: It imparts so much flavor! Those present inferred that according to Rav, imparted flavor derived from imparted flavor is strong enough itself to impart flavor. The Gemara rejects this: But that is not so, and one cannot reach any general conclusions from this story. It is different there, as the ointment was very bitter.
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הֲוָה קָאֵים קַמֵּיהּ דְּמָר שְׁמוּאֵל, אַיְיתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה, וְקָא אָכֵיל בְּכוּתָּח. יָהֵיב לֵיהּ וְלָא אֲכַל, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לְרַבָּךְ יְהַבִי לֵיהּ וַאֲכַל, וְאַתְּ לָא אָכְלַתְּ? אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הֲדַר בֵּיהּ מָר מִשְּׁמַעְתֵּיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: חַס לֵיהּ לְזַרְעֵיהּ דְּאַבָּא בַּר אַבָּא דְּלִיסְפֵּי לִי מִידֵּי וְלָא סְבִירָא לִי.
The Gemara relates: Rabbi Elazar was standing before Mar Shmuel, and they brought before Shmuel a fish that had been removed directly from the fire and placed into a bowl used previously for meat, and he ate it together with kutaḥ. Shmuel gave Rabbi Elazar some of this dish, but Rabbi Elazar did not eat it, as he was a student of Rav, who prohibited such mixtures. Shmuel said to him: To your teacher, Rav, I gave this dish and he ate from it, yet you will not eat? Later Rabbi Elazar came before Rav, and said to him: Did the Master retract this halakha? Do you permit this? Rav said to him: God forbid that the progeny of Abba bar Abba, i.e., Shmuel, would feed me something that I do not hold to be permitted. Shmuel never fed me such a dish.
רַב הוּנָא וְרַב חִיָּיא בַּר אָשֵׁי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי, חַד בְּהַאי גִּיסָא דְּמַבָּרָא דְּסוּרָא, וְחַד בְּהַאי גִּיסָא דְּמַבָּרָא. לְמָר אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה וַאֲכַל בְּכוּתָּח, לְמָר אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה, וַאֲכַל וְלָא בָּרֵיךְ.
The Gemara relates that Rav Huna and Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi were sitting down to eat. One of them was sitting on this side of the ford of the Sura River, and the other one was sitting on that side of the ford. They brought one Sage a fish that had been removed from the fire and placed into a bowl previously used for meat, and he ate it together with kutaḥ. They also brought the other Sage figs and grapes during the meal, and he ate them but did not recite a separate blessing over them, even though these foods were usually consumed following the main portion of the meal before reciting Grace after Meals, and a separate blessing was made on them.
מָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: יַתְמָא! עֲבַד רַבָּךְ הָכִי? וּמָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: יַתְמָא! עֲבַד רַבָּךְ הָכִי? מָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: אֲנָא כִּשְׁמוּאֵל סְבִירָא לִי, וּמָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: אֲנָא כְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא סְבִירָא לִי, דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: פַּת פּוֹטֶרֶת כׇּל מִינֵי מַאֲכָל, וְיַיִן פּוֹטֵר כׇּל מִינֵי מַשְׁקִין.
One Sage said to his colleague: Orphan! Student without a teacher! Would your teacher do this, i.e., eat such fish with kutaḥ? And the other Sage said to his colleague: Orphan! Would your teacher do this, i.e., eat these fruits during a meal without reciting a blessing over them? One Sage said to his colleague: I hold in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel, who permits eating such fish with kutaḥ. And the other Sage said to his colleague: I hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Ḥiyya, as Rabbi Ḥiyya teaches: The blessing over the bread exempts all the other types of food eaten during a meal, including those usually eaten separately following bread, and likewise the blessing over wine exempts all types of drinks.
אָמַר חִזְקִיָּה מִשּׁוּם אַבָּיֵי: הִלְכְתָא דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה – מוּתָּר לְאוֹכְלָן בְּכוּתָּח, צְנוֹן שֶׁחֲתָכוֹ בְּסַכִּין שֶׁחָתַךְ בָּהּ בָּשָׂר – אָסוּר לְאוֹכְלוֹ בְּכוּתָּח.
Ḥizkiyya says in the name of Abaye: The halakha is: If a fish was removed from the fire and placed into a bowl used for meat, it is permitted to eat it together with kutaḥ. But with regard to a radish that one cut with a knife with which he had cut meat, it is prohibited to eat that radish with kutaḥ, contrary to Rav Kahana’s statement above.
וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי צְנוֹן,
The Gemara notes: And this statement applies only to a radish,
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Chullin 111
וּמִשּׁוּם שַׁמְנוּנִיתָא. מִשּׁוּם דְּמָא, מַאי?
And the other food is not forbidden due to the liver’s blood, but rather due to the fat of the liver it absorbed. But if permitted liver is cooked with another piece of meat, and the concern is only that the meat might be prohibited due to the meat absorbing excess blood from the liver, what is the halakha? Perhaps blood is absorbed less easily than fat.
כִּי הֲדַר סְלֵיק, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ לְרַבִּי זְרִיקָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הַאי נָמֵי לָא תִּבְּעֵי לָךְ, דַּאֲנָא וְיַנַּאי בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי אַמֵּי אִיקַּלְעַן לְבֵי יְהוּדָה בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן פַּזִּי, וְקָרִיבוּ לַן קַנְיָא בְּקוֹפֵיהּ, וַאֲכַלְנָא.
When Rav Safra again ascended to Eretz Yisrael, he found Rabbi Zerika once more and asked him about liver cooked with another piece of meat. Rabbi Zerika said to him: You need not ask this question either, as I and Yannai, son of Rabbi Ami, arrived at the house of Yehuda, son of Rabbi Shimon ben Pazi, and they brought before us the windpipe of an animal with all the parts attached to it, i.e., the lungs, heart, and liver, all of which had been cooked together, and we ate it. This proves that the blood emitted from the liver does not render prohibited other pieces of meat cooked with it.
מַתְקֵיף לַהּ רַב אָשֵׁי, וְאִיתֵּימָא רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל מִזְּרוּקִינְיָא: וְדִלְמָא פִּי קָנֶה חוּץ לִקְדֵרָה הֲוָה, אִי נָמֵי מִיחְלָט הֲוָה חָלֵיט לֵיהּ מֵעִיקָּרָא, כִּי הָא דְּרַב הוּנָא חָלְטִי לֵיהּ בְּחַלָּא, וְרַב נַחְמָן חָלְטִי לֵיהּ בְּרוֹתְחִין.
Rav Ashi, and some say Rabbi Shmuel from Zerokinya, objects to this conclusion: But perhaps in that incident the mouth of the windpipe was positioned outside of the pot, allowing the liver’s excess blood to run out of the pot rather than being absorbed by the other pieces of meat. Alternatively, perhaps they poured boiling liquid on the liver at the outset, before it was cooked with the lung and heart, like that custom of Rav Huna, for whom they would pour boiling vinegar on liver, and that of Rav Naḥman, for whom they would pour boiling water on liver. This would cook the excess blood into the liver and prevent it from diffusing into the other pieces. Abaye’s question remains unresolved.
וּסְבַר רַב פָּפָּא קַמֵּיהּ דְּרָבָא לְמֵימַר: חַלָּא אֲסִיר. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אִי חַלָּא אֲסִיר – אִיהוּ נָמֵי אֲסִיר, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּפָלֵיט – הֲדַר בָּלַע.
And with regard to the pouring of boiling vinegar on the liver, Rav Pappa, when he was a student before Rava, thought to say that the vinegar becomes prohibited for consumption in the process, since it absorbs blood from the liver. Rava said to Rav Pappa: If you claim that the vinegar is prohibited, then the liver itself should also be prohibited, since just as the liver expels blood and prohibits the vinegar, so too it then absorbs the blood back from the forbidden vinegar. Rather, one must say that no blood is expelled from the liver during this process at all, which is why the liver is permitted afterward.
רַב בַּר שְׁבָא אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רַב נַחְמָן, אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ כַּבְדָּא שְׁלִיקָא, וְלָא אֲכַל. אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: בַּר בֵּי רַב דִּלְגָיו לָא אָכֵיל, וּמַנּוּ? רַב בַּר שַׁבָּא. אֲמַר לְהוּ רַב נַחְמָן: גַּאמוּ לְשַׁבָּא.
The Gemara relates that Rav bar Shabba visited the house of Rav Naḥman. They brought him cooked liver, but Rava bar Shabba did not partake of it. The members of the household said to Rav Naḥman: There is a student of Torah inside who is not eating. And who is he? Rav bar Shabba. Rav Naḥman said to them: Feed Shabba against his will.
כְּתַנָּאֵי: רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר: הַכָּבֵד אוֹסֶרֶת וְאֵינָהּ נֶאֱסֶרֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁפּוֹלֶטֶת וְאֵינָהּ בּוֹלַעַת. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל בְּנוֹ שֶׁל רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן בְּרוֹקָה אוֹמֵר: מְתוּבֶּלֶת – אוֹסֶרֶת וְנֶאֱסֶרֶת, שְׁלוּקָה – אוֹסֶרֶת וְנֶאֱסֶרֶת.
The Gemara notes: Abaye’s question above with regard to liver cooked with other meat is subject to a dispute between tanna’im, as it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Eliezer says: The liver that was cooked with other pieces of meat prohibits them, but it itself is not prohibited, because it expels blood as it cooks but does not absorb it again. Rabbi Yishmael, son of Rabbi Yoḥanan ben Beroka, says: If the liver was spiced when cooking, it prohibits the other meat and it becomes prohibited as well, as the spices cause the liver to reabsorb the blood that was expelled. Likewise, if the liver was stewed, i.e., heavily cooked, it renders the other pieces prohibited and is itself prohibited.
רַבָּה בַּר רַב הוּנָא אִקְּלַע לְבֵי רַבָּה בַּר רַב נַחְמָן, אַיְיתִי לְקַמֵּיהּ תְּלָת סָאוֵי טַחְאֵי, אֲמַר לְהוּ: מִי הֲוָה יָדְעִיתוּ דְּאָתֵינָא? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: מִי עֲדִיפַתְּ לַן מִינַּהּ, דִּכְתִיב: ״וְקָרָאתָ לַשַּׁבָּת עֹנֶג״!
The Gemara relates: Rabba bar Rav Huna visited the house of Rabba bar Rav Naḥman and dined with him on Shabbat. They brought before him three se’a of fine bread that had been kneaded in oil and honey. Rabba bar Rav Huna said to the members of Rabba bar Rav Naḥman’s household: Did you know that I was coming, that you prepared such superior food? They said to him: Are you more distinguished than Shabbat, as it is written with regard to Shabbat: “If you proclaim Shabbat a delight, the sacred day of God honored” (Isaiah 58:13).
אַדְּהָכִי, אַשְׁכַּח הָהוּא כַּבְדָּא דַּהֲוָה בַּהּ סִמְפּוֹנָא דִּבְלִיעָא דְּמָא, אֲמַר לְהוּ: אַמַּאי עָבְדִיתוּ הָכִי? אֲמַרוּ לֵיהּ: אֶלָּא הֵיכִי נַעֲבֵיד? אֲמַר לְהוּ: קְרַעוּ שְׁתִי וָעֵרֶב, וְחִיתּוּכָא לְתַחַת.
Meanwhile, Rabba bar Rav Huna found among the dishes before him a certain liver that contained an artery suffused with blood. He said to the members of the household: Why do you do this? Although the blood absorbed in the liver is permitted, that which is collected in the blood vessels is prohibited. The members of the household said to him: Rather, what should we do in order to prepare the liver? Rabba bar Rav Huna said to them: First tear the liver lengthwise and widthwise, and position the side with the tear downward, so that the blood will flow out when you place it on the fire.
וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי כַּבְדָּא, אֲבָל טְחָלָא – שׁוּמְנָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא, כִּי הָא דִּשְׁמוּאֵל עָבְדִי לֵיהּ תַּבְשִׁילָא דִטְחָלֵי בְּיוֹמָא דְּעָבֵיד מִלְּתָא.
The Gemara comments: And this statement applies only to liver, due to the blood that collects in its blood vessels; but there is no need to tear the spleen in this manner, as it merely contains fat. And this ruling accords with that which is reported about Shmuel, that his attendants would prepare a dish of spleens for him on the day that he performed the practice of bloodletting.
אִתְּמַר: כַּבְדָּא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – שְׁרֵי, דְּמָא מִשְׁרָק שָׁרֵיק. כַּחְלָא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – אָסוּר. מַאי טַעְמָא? חָלָב סָרוֹכֵי מְסָרֵיךְ.
§ It was stated: If liver and other meat are roasted on spits in an oven such that the liver is positioned on top of the meat, the meat is permitted even though blood from the liver flows onto it. This is because the blood that flows from an item roasting in the oven slides over meat located underneath it and is not absorbed. But if an udder is positioned on top of the meat when roasted in the oven, the meat is prohibited. What is the reason? It is that the milk expelled by the roasting udder adheres to and is absorbed by the meat.
רַב דִּימִי מִנְּהַרְדְּעָא מַתְנֵי אִפְכָּא: כַּחְלָא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – שְׁרֵי, מַאי טַעְמָא? חֵלֶב שְׁחוּטָה דְּרַבָּנַן, כַּבְדָּא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – אֲסִיר, דָּם דְּאוֹרָיְיתָא.
Rav Dimi from Neharde’a would teach the opposite: Whenever an udder is positioned on top of the meat, the meat is permitted. What is the reason? The prohibition of meat cooked in milk of a slaughtered animal applies by rabbinic law, and is treated less stringently. But if liver is positioned on top of the meat, the meat is prohibited, as the prohibition of blood applies by Torah law, and one must be concerned that perhaps the meat will absorb blood from the liver.
דָּרֵשׁ מָרִימָר: הִלְכְתָא, בֵּין כַּבְדָּא בֵּין כַּחְלָא, תּוּתֵי בִּשְׂרָא – שְׁרֵי, עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא – דִּיעֲבַד אִין, לְכַתְּחִלָּה לָא.
Mareimar taught in public: The halakha is: Whether in the case of liver or in the case of an udder, if it is underneath the meat, the meat is permitted, but if it is on top of the meat, then after the fact, yes, the meat is permitted, but ab initio, no, one may not situate them in this manner.
רַב אָשֵׁי אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רָמֵי בַּר אַבָּא חֲמוּהּ, חַזְיֵיהּ לִבְרֵיהּ דְּרָמֵי בַּר אַבָּא דְּקָא
The Gemara relates: Rav Ashi arrived at the house of his father-in-law Rami bar Abba, and he saw that the son of Rami bar Abba was
שָׁפֵיד כַּבְדָּא עִילָּוֵי בִּשְׂרָא, אָמַר: כַּמָּה יְהִיר הַאי מֵרַבָּנַן! אֵימַר דַּאֲמוּר רַבָּנַן דִּיעֲבַד, לְכַתְּחִלָּה מִי אֲמוּר?
skewering liver on top of meat for roasting. Rav Ashi said: How haughty is this Sage! Even if you say that the Sages stated that one may eat meat roasted under liver after the fact, did they say that one may roast them in this manner ab initio?
וְאִי אִיכָּא בֵּי דוּגֵי, בִּשְׂרָא עִילָּוֵי כַּבְדָּא נָמֵי אֲסִיר.
The Gemara adds: And if there is a receptacle under the spit for the drippings of fat, then even if the meat is on top of the liver it is also prohibited to roast the meat, as the blood from the liver will fall into the fat in the vessel, and one might come to eat the mixture.
וּמַאי שְׁנָא מִדְּמָא דְּבִשְׂרָא? דְּמָא דְּבִשְׂרָא – שָׁכֵן, דְּמָא דְּכַבְדָּא – קָפֵי.
The Gemara asks: And in what way is this case different from roasting a piece of meat by itself over such a vessel, which is permitted? Here too the blood of the meat drips into the fat in the vessel. The Gemara answers: Blood of most meat sinks to the bottom of the vessel, while the fat floats on top. Since the fat can be separated from the blood, it is permitted. By contrast, the blood of the liver floats above the fat and cannot be removed from it, and therefore the entire mixture is prohibited.
אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן, אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: סַכִּין שֶׁשָּׁחַט בָּהּ, אָסוּר לַחְתּוֹךְ בָּהּ רוֹתֵחַ. צוֹנֵן – אָמְרִי לַהּ בָּעֲיָא הַדָּחָה, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ לָא בָּעֲיָא הַדָּחָה.
§ Rav Naḥman says that Shmuel says: The knife with which one slaughtered an animal absorbs blood due to its heat, and it is therefore prohibited to cut any boiling food with it, since that food will in turn absorb the blood from the knife. If one cut cold food with this knife, some say that the piece he cut requires rinsing before one may eat it, and some say that it does not require rinsing.
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: קְעָרָה שֶׁמָּלַח בָּהּ בָּשָׂר, אָסוּר לֶאֱכוֹל בָּהּ רוֹתֵחַ, וּשְׁמוּאֵל לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: מָלִיחַ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּרוֹתֵחַ, וְכָבוּשׁ הֲרֵי הוּא כִּמְבוּשָּׁל.
§ The Gemara cites other statements of Shmuel. Rav Yehuda says that Shmuel says: With regard to a bowl in which meat was salted to remove its blood before cooking, it is prohibited to eat any boiling food placed in it, as that food absorbs blood of the meat from the bowl. And in this Shmuel conforms to his standard line of reasoning, as Shmuel said: A salted food imparts its flavor like a boiling food, and a food item marinated in vinegar, brine, or the like absorbs flavor from the liquid or vessel as would a cooked food.
כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין, אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: מָלִיחַ אֵינוֹ כְּרוֹתֵחַ, וְכָבוּשׁ אֵינוֹ כִּמְבוּשָּׁל. אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָא דְּרָבִין לֵיתַהּ, דְּהַהִיא פִּינְכָּא דַּהֲוָה בֵּי רַבִּי אַמֵּי, דְּמָלַח בֵּיהּ בִּשְׂרָא, וְתַבְרֵיהּ. מִכְּדֵי, רַבִּי אַמֵּי תַּלְמִיד דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן הֲוָה, מַאי טַעְמָא תַּבְרֵיהּ? לָאו מִשּׁוּם דִּשְׁמִיעָא לֵיהּ מִינֵּיהּ דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן דְּאָמַר: מָלִיחַ הֲרֵי הוּא כְּרוֹתֵחַ!
When Ravin came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia he said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A salted food is not considered like a boiling food, and a marinated food is not considered like a cooked food. Abaye said: I can prove that this ruling that Ravin cited is not correct, as there was a certain bowl [pinka] in Rabbi Ami’s house in which meat was salted, and Rabbi Ami broke it so that it would no longer be used. Now Rabbi Ami was a student of Rabbi Yoḥanan. What is the reason he broke that bowl? Is it not because he heard that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: A salted food is considered like a boiling food? Ravin’s citation was evidently in error.
יָתֵיב רַב כָּהֲנָא אֲחוּהּ דְּרַב יְהוּדָה קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב הוּנָא, וְיָתֵיב וְקָאָמַר: קְעָרָה שֶׁמָּלַח בָּהּ בָּשָׂר – אָסוּר לֶאֱכוֹל בָּהּ רוֹתֵחַ, וּצְנוֹן שֶׁחֲתָכוֹ בְּסַכִּין – מוּתָּר לְאׇכְלוֹ בְּכוּתָּח.
Rav Kahana, the brother of Rav Yehuda, sat before Rav Huna, and he sat and said: With regard to a bowl in which meat was salted, it is prohibited to eat any boiling food placed in it. And he added: With regard to a radish that one cut with a knife used for cutting meat, it is permitted to eat it with kutaḥ, a food that contains milk, even though the sharpness of the radish causes it to absorb the fat of the meat from the knife.
מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הַאי – הֶיתֵּרָא בָּלַע, וְהַאי – אִיסּוּרָא בָּלַע.
The Gemara asks: What is the reason to distinguish between blood absorbed in a bowl and fat absorbed by the radish? Abaye said: This radish absorbed a permitted substance, as the fat on the knife is permitted for consumption by itself, but that bowl in which meat was salted absorbed a prohibited substance, i.e., blood.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: כִּי בָּלַע הֶיתֵּרָא, מַאי הָוֵי? סוֹף סוֹף, הַאי הֶיתֵּרָא דְּאָתֵי לִידֵי אִיסּוּרָא הוּא, דְּאִיסּוּרָא קָאָכֵיל! אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: הַאי אֶפְשָׁר לְמִטְעֲמֵיהּ, וְהַאי לָא אֶפְשָׁר לְמִטְעֲמֵיהּ.
Rava said to Abaye: And if the radish absorbed a permitted substance, what of it? Ultimately, if one desires to eat the radish with kutaḥ, it is a permitted substance that leads to a prohibition, as he will eat a prohibited substance. Rather, Rava said: The distinction is that with regard to this radish, it is possible for a Jew to taste it before eating it with milk to see if it has acquired the flavor of meat. But with regard to that bowl, it is not possible for a Jew to taste its contents to see whether they have absorbed blood.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב פָּפָּא לְרָבָא: וְלִיטְעֲמֵיהּ קַפִּילָא אֲרַמָּאָה, מִי לָא תְּנַן: קְדֵרָה שֶׁבִּישֵּׁל בָּהּ בָּשָׂר לֹא יְבַשֵּׁל בָּהּ חָלָב, וְאִם בִּשֵּׁל – בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, בִּשֵּׁל בָּהּ תְּרוּמָה לֹא יְבַשֵּׁל בָּהּ חוּלִּין, וְאִם בִּשֵּׁל – בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם.
Rav Pappa said to Rava: But let a gentile cook taste the contents of the bowl to see whether they have the taste of blood. Didn’t we learn in the Tosefta (Terumot 8:12): With regard to a pot in which one cooked meat, one may not cook milk in it, and if he cooked milk in it, the meat absorbed in the pot renders the milk forbidden if it imparts flavor to the milk. Likewise, if one cooked teruma in the pot, he may not cook non-sacred food in it, and if he cooked non-sacred food in it, the non-sacred food is prohibited if there is sufficient teruma absorbed in the pot to impart flavor to the non-sacred food.
וְאָמְרִינַן: בִּשְׁלָמָא תְּרוּמָה – טָעֵים לַהּ כֹּהֵן, אֶלָּא בָּשָׂר בְּחָלָב – מַאן טָעֵים לַהּ? וַאֲמַר לַן: לִיטְעֲמֵיהּ קַפִּילָא! הָכִי נָמֵי לִיטְעֲמֵיהּ קַפִּילָא! הָכִי נָמֵי, כִּי קָאָמֵינָא – דְּלֵיכָּא קַפִּילָא.
And we said with regard to this baraita: Granted, one can know whether the non-sacred food has acquired the flavor of teruma, as a priest can taste it. But with regard to the prohibition of meat cooked in milk, who can taste it? And you, Rava, said to us: Let a gentile cook taste it. So too here, with regard to the food in the bowl, let a gentile cook taste it. Rava responded: Indeed, a gentile cook can discover whether the food in the bowl has absorbed the taste of blood. When I said my statement I was referring to a case where there is no gentile cook available.
אִיתְּמַר: דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה, רַב אָמַר: אָסוּר לְאָכְלָן בְּכוּתָּח, וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: מוּתָּר לְאָכְלָן בְּכוּתָּח.
§ It was stated: If a fish was removed from the fire and placed, still hot, in a bowl in which meat had been eaten, Rav says: It is prohibited to eat the fish with the milk dish kutaḥ, since the fish has absorbed meat from the bowl. And Shmuel says: It is permitted to eat the fish with kutaḥ.
רַב אָמַר: אָסוּר, נוֹתֵן טַעַם הוּא; וּשְׁמוּאֵל אָמַר: מוּתָּר, נוֹתֵן טַעַם בַּר נוֹתֵן טַעַם הוּא.
The Gemara explains: Rav says that it is prohibited to eat the fish with kutaḥ because this is a case of imparted flavor, i.e., from the meat to the fish. And Shmuel says that it is permitted because the flavor is first imparted to the bowl, and only then from the bowl to the fish. This is therefore a case of imparted flavor derived from imparted flavor.
וְהָא דְּרַב, לָאו בְּפֵירוּשׁ אִיתְּמַר, אֶלָּא מִכְּלָלָא אִיתְּמַר. דְּרַב אִיקְּלַע לְבֵי רַב שִׁימִי בַּר חִיָּיא בַּר בְּרֵיהּ, חַשׁ (בְּעֵינָיו) [בְּעֵינֵיהּ], עֲבַדוּ לֵיהּ שְׁיָיפָא בְּצָעָא, בָּתַר הָכִי רְמוֹ לֵיהּ בִּשּׁוּלָא בְּגַוַּוהּ, טָעֵים לֵיהּ טַעְמָא דִּשְׁיָיפָא, אֲמַר: יָהֵיב טַעְמָא כּוּלֵּי הַאי. וְלָא הִיא, שָׁאנֵי הָתָם דִּנְפִישׁ מְרָרֵהּ טְפֵי.
The Gemara notes: And this opinion of Rav was not stated explicitly; rather, it was stated by inference. As Rav arrived at the house of Rav Shimi bar Ḥiyya, the son of his son. He felt pain in his eyes, and they prepared for him an ointment in an earthenware bowl as a remedy. Later they placed a dish for him in that same bowl. Rav tasted in that dish the flavor of the ointment and said: It imparts so much flavor! Those present inferred that according to Rav, imparted flavor derived from imparted flavor is strong enough itself to impart flavor. The Gemara rejects this: But that is not so, and one cannot reach any general conclusions from this story. It is different there, as the ointment was very bitter.
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר הֲוָה קָאֵים קַמֵּיהּ דְּמָר שְׁמוּאֵל, אַיְיתוֹ לְקַמֵּיהּ דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה, וְקָא אָכֵיל בְּכוּתָּח. יָהֵיב לֵיהּ וְלָא אֲכַל, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לְרַבָּךְ יְהַבִי לֵיהּ וַאֲכַל, וְאַתְּ לָא אָכְלַתְּ? אֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הֲדַר בֵּיהּ מָר מִשְּׁמַעְתֵּיהּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: חַס לֵיהּ לְזַרְעֵיהּ דְּאַבָּא בַּר אַבָּא דְּלִיסְפֵּי לִי מִידֵּי וְלָא סְבִירָא לִי.
The Gemara relates: Rabbi Elazar was standing before Mar Shmuel, and they brought before Shmuel a fish that had been removed directly from the fire and placed into a bowl used previously for meat, and he ate it together with kutaḥ. Shmuel gave Rabbi Elazar some of this dish, but Rabbi Elazar did not eat it, as he was a student of Rav, who prohibited such mixtures. Shmuel said to him: To your teacher, Rav, I gave this dish and he ate from it, yet you will not eat? Later Rabbi Elazar came before Rav, and said to him: Did the Master retract this halakha? Do you permit this? Rav said to him: God forbid that the progeny of Abba bar Abba, i.e., Shmuel, would feed me something that I do not hold to be permitted. Shmuel never fed me such a dish.
רַב הוּנָא וְרַב חִיָּיא בַּר אָשֵׁי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי, חַד בְּהַאי גִּיסָא דְּמַבָּרָא דְּסוּרָא, וְחַד בְּהַאי גִּיסָא דְּמַבָּרָא. לְמָר אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה וַאֲכַל בְּכוּתָּח, לְמָר אַיְיתוֹ לֵיהּ תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים בְּתוֹךְ הַסְּעוּדָה, וַאֲכַל וְלָא בָּרֵיךְ.
The Gemara relates that Rav Huna and Rav Ḥiyya bar Ashi were sitting down to eat. One of them was sitting on this side of the ford of the Sura River, and the other one was sitting on that side of the ford. They brought one Sage a fish that had been removed from the fire and placed into a bowl previously used for meat, and he ate it together with kutaḥ. They also brought the other Sage figs and grapes during the meal, and he ate them but did not recite a separate blessing over them, even though these foods were usually consumed following the main portion of the meal before reciting Grace after Meals, and a separate blessing was made on them.
מָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: יַתְמָא! עֲבַד רַבָּךְ הָכִי? וּמָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: יַתְמָא! עֲבַד רַבָּךְ הָכִי? מָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: אֲנָא כִּשְׁמוּאֵל סְבִירָא לִי, וּמָר אֲמַר לֵיהּ לְחַבְרֵיהּ: אֲנָא כְּרַבִּי חִיָּיא סְבִירָא לִי, דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: פַּת פּוֹטֶרֶת כׇּל מִינֵי מַאֲכָל, וְיַיִן פּוֹטֵר כׇּל מִינֵי מַשְׁקִין.
One Sage said to his colleague: Orphan! Student without a teacher! Would your teacher do this, i.e., eat such fish with kutaḥ? And the other Sage said to his colleague: Orphan! Would your teacher do this, i.e., eat these fruits during a meal without reciting a blessing over them? One Sage said to his colleague: I hold in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel, who permits eating such fish with kutaḥ. And the other Sage said to his colleague: I hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Ḥiyya, as Rabbi Ḥiyya teaches: The blessing over the bread exempts all the other types of food eaten during a meal, including those usually eaten separately following bread, and likewise the blessing over wine exempts all types of drinks.
אָמַר חִזְקִיָּה מִשּׁוּם אַבָּיֵי: הִלְכְתָא דָּגִים שֶׁעָלוּ בַּקְּעָרָה – מוּתָּר לְאוֹכְלָן בְּכוּתָּח, צְנוֹן שֶׁחֲתָכוֹ בְּסַכִּין שֶׁחָתַךְ בָּהּ בָּשָׂר – אָסוּר לְאוֹכְלוֹ בְּכוּתָּח.
Ḥizkiyya says in the name of Abaye: The halakha is: If a fish was removed from the fire and placed into a bowl used for meat, it is permitted to eat it together with kutaḥ. But with regard to a radish that one cut with a knife with which he had cut meat, it is prohibited to eat that radish with kutaḥ, contrary to Rav Kahana’s statement above.
וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי צְנוֹן,
The Gemara notes: And this statement applies only to a radish,
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