Why did the rabbis forbid eating from shechita of the Cutim and forbade their wine? How did the rabbinic decrees relating to the Cutim change over time? Does one need to worry about demai (whether tithes were taken) in a food that contains produce from an am haaretz? If one gives the am haaretz the ingredients, in what cases would one need to be concerned that the am haaretz switched the ingredients with their own? What were the reactions of others to Rebbi’s permitting fruits of Beit Shean to be eaten without separating tithes and how did Rebbi respond to them?
This month’s learning is sponsored by Marci Glazer in loving memory of her teacher and chevruta, Rachel Brodie, Rachel Aviva bat Devora Chana, on her 4th yahrzeit. “She brought her love of Torah to thousands of people in her all-too-short life. A lover of Midrash, she still invited me on this Daf Yomi journey.”
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This month’s learning is sponsored by Marci Glazer in loving memory of her teacher and chevruta, Rachel Brodie, Rachel Aviva bat Devora Chana, on her 4th yahrzeit. “She brought her love of Torah to thousands of people in her all-too-short life. A lover of Midrash, she still invited me on this Daf Yomi journey.”
Chullin 6
וְאִי סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּיךְ לָא קַבְּלַהּ מִינֵּיהּ, לִישַׁנֵּי לֵיהּ: כָּאן כְּשֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבָּיו, כָּאן כְּשֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבָּיו? אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ קַבְּלַהּ מִינֵּיהּ, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
And if it enters your mind that Rabbi Zeira did not accept from Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi that Rabban Gamliel prohibited eating from the slaughter of a Samaritan even when a Jew was standing over him, let Rabbi Zeira resolve the matter for himself in a different manner: Here, where Rabbi Yoḥanan ate from the slaughter of a Samaritan, it was when a Jew was standing over him; there, where Rabban Gamliel prohibited eating from the slaughter of a Samaritan, it was when a Jew was not standing over him. Rather, must one not conclude from it that Rabbi Zeira accepted the response from Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi. The Gemara affirms: Indeed, learn this from it.
וּמַאי טַעְמָא גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן? כִּי הָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר, שַׁדְּרֵיהּ רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְאֵתוֹיֵי חַמְרָא מִבֵּי כוּתָאֵי, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ הָהוּא סָבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״, הָלַךְ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר וְסִפֵּר דְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וְגָזַר עֲלֵיהֶן.
§ The Gemara asks: And what is the reason that the Sages, Rabban Gamliel and his court, issued a decree rendering it prohibited to eat from the slaughter of Samaritans? The Gemara answers: It is like that case involving Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar, in which Rabbi Meir dispatched him to bring wine from the area of the Samaritans. A certain elder found him and said to him: “And put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite” (Proverbs 23:2),as a warning to distance himself from them and not to drink their wine, because they were not reliable. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar went and related those matters before Rabbi Meir, and Rabbi Meir issued a decree against them.
מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: דְּמוּת יוֹנָה מָצְאוּ לָהֶן בְּרֹאשׁ הַר גְּרִיזִים, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְדִין אוֹתָהּ. וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּחָיֵישׁ לְמִיעוּטָא, וְגָזַר רוּבָּא אַטּוּ מִיעוּטָא. וְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וּבֵית דִּינוֹ נָמֵי כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר סְבִירָא לְהוּ.
What is the reason that the Samaritans are deemed unreliable? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: At the peak of Mount Gerizim they found the image of a dove, which the Samaritan residents of Mount Gerizim would worship; and Rabbi Meir issued the decree according to his line of reasoning that he takes the minority into consideration, and therefore, despite the fact that the majority of Samaritans did not live on Mount Gerizim, he issued a decree rendering meat slaughtered by the majority forbidden due to the minority that worshipped that idol. And Rabban Gamliel and his court also hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir.
פְּשָׁטֵיהּ דִּקְרָא בְּמַאי כְּתִיב? בְּתַלְמִיד הַיּוֹשֵׁב לִפְנֵי רַבּוֹ, דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: ״כִּי תֵשֵׁב לִלְחוֹם אֶת מוֹשֵׁל בִּין תָּבִין אֶת אֲשֶׁר לְפָנֶיךָ וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״.
The Gemara asks: As to the plain meaning of that verse: “And put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite,” with regard to what matter is it written? The Gemara answers: It is written with regard to a student who is sitting before his teacher, as he must consider his words carefully. As Rabbi Ḥiyya teaches a baraita interpreting the verses: “When you sit to eat with a ruler, consider well [bin tavin] him that is before you; and put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite” (Proverbs 23:1–2).
אִם יוֹדֵעַ תַּלְמִיד בְּרַבּוֹ שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ לְהַחֲזִיר לוֹ טַעַם – ״בִּין״, וְאִם לָאו – ״תָּבִין אֶת אֲשֶׁר לְפָנֶיךָ וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ״, ״אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״ – פְּרוֹשׁ הֵימֶנּוּ.
The tanna explains the verse: If a student knows about his teacher that he knows to respond to him with a reasoned answer, seek wisdom [bin] from him. And if the student believes that the teacher is not capable of doing so, understand [tavin] who is sitting before you, and put a knife to your throat and refrain from embarrassing him with questions that he cannot answer. And if you are a man given to appetite and you seek an answer to your question, distance yourself from him.
רַבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן יוֹסֵף שַׁדְּרֵיהּ רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ לְאֵתוֹיֵי חַמְרָא מִבֵּי כוּתָאֵי, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ הָהוּא סָבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לֵית כָּאן שׁוֹמְרֵי תוֹרָה. הָלַךְ רַבִּי יִצְחָק וְסִפֵּר דְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, וְהָלַךְ רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ וְסִפֵּר דְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי, וְלֹא זָזוּ מִשָּׁם עַד שֶׁעֲשָׂאוּם גּוֹיִם גְּמוּרִין.
Rabbi Abbahu dispatched Rabbi Yitzḥak ben Yosef to bring wine from the area of the Samaritans. A certain elder found him and said to him: The people here are not keepers of the Torah. Rabbi Yitzḥak went and related the matters before Rabbi Abbahu, and Rabbi Abbahu went and related the matters before Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi, and they did not move from there until they rendered the Samaritans full-fledged gentiles.
לְמַאי? אִי לִשְׁחִיטָה וְיֵין נֶסֶךְ, מֵהָתָם גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן! אִינְהוּ גְּזוּר וְלָא קַבִּלוּ מִינַּיְיהוּ, אֲתוֹ רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי גְּזַרוּ וְקַבִּלוּ מִינַּיְיהוּ.
The Gemara asks: For what matters did those Sages render them full-fledged gentiles? If it was to prohibit eating from their slaughter and to render their wine as wine used for a libation in idol worship, these prohibitions were issued previously. From there, from the generations of Rabbi Meir and Rabban Gamliel, the Sages issued a decree prohibiting them. The Gemara answers: They issued a decree, and the people did not accept it from them. Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi came and issued a decree, and the people accepted it from them.
מַאי גּוֹיִם גְּמוּרִין? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת וְלִיתֵּן רְשׁוּת.
The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of full-fledged gentiles? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: It means that the halakhic status of a Samaritan is like that of a gentile with regard to renouncing his domain in a jointly-owned courtyard on Shabbat and to transferring his domain in the courtyard to residents of that courtyard.
וְכִדְתַנְיָא: יִשְׂרָאֵל מְשׁוּמָּד מְשַׁמֵּר שַׁבַּתּוֹ בַּשּׁוּק, מְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת וְנוֹתֵן רְשׁוּת, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְשַׁמֵּר שַׁבַּתּוֹ בַּשּׁוּק, אֵינוֹ מְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת וְנוֹתֵן רְשׁוּת.
And this is as it is taught in a baraita: With regard to a Jewish transgressor who nevertheless observes his Shabbat in the marketplace, i.e., in public, if he failed to establish a joining of houses in a courtyard before Shabbat, his halakhic status is that of an observant Jew, and he may renounce his domain in the courtyard and transfer his domain in the courtyard. But a transgressor who does not observe his Shabbat in the marketplace may neither renounce his domain in the courtyard nor transfer his domain in the courtyard.
מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ: יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹתֵן רְשׁוּת וּמְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת, וּבְגוֹי עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכּוֹר.
This is because the Sages said: Only a Jew may verbally transfer rights in his domain or renounce his rights in his domain, but with regard to a gentile, the other residents cannot establish a joining of courtyards unless the residents of the courtyard lease his domain from him. The halakhic status of one who publicly desecrates Shabbat is that of a gentile.
כֵּיצַד? אָמַר לוֹ: ״רְשׁוּתִי קְנוּיָה לָךְ״ ״רְשׁוּתִי מְבוּטֶּלֶת לָךְ״ – קָנָה, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִזְכּוֹת.
How does a Jew transfer or renounce his domain? If a Jew says to his neighbor: My domain is transferred to you or my domain is renounced to you, his neighbor has acquired his domain, and it is not necessary for him to grant it to his neighbor by means of one of the standard modes of acquisition.
רַבִּי זֵירָא וְרַב אַסִּי אִיקְּלַעוּ לְפוּנְדְּקָא דְּיָאֵי, אַיְיתוֹ לְקַמַּיְיהוּ בֵּיצִים הַמְצוּמָּקוֹת בְּיַיִן. רַבִּי זֵירָא לָא אֲכַל, וְרַב אַסִּי אֲכַל. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא לְרַב אַסִּי: וְלָא חָיֵישׁ מָר לְתַעֲרוֹבֶת דְּמַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָאו אַדַּעְתַּאי.
§ The Gemara revisits the statement that the righteous would not experience mishaps. Rabbi Zeira and Rav Asi happened to come to the inn of the town of Ya’ei. In the inn, they brought before these Sages eggs that shriveled after being cooked in wine. Rabbi Zeira did not eat the eggs, and Rav Asi ate them. Rabbi Zeira said to Rav Asi: And is the Master not concerned about the possibility that the dish is a mixture containing wine that is doubtfully tithed produce [demai]? Rav Asi said to him: It did not enter my mind.
אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: אֶפְשָׁר גָּזְרוּ עַל הַתַּעֲרוֹבֶת דְּמַאי, וּמִסְתַּיְּיעָא מִילְּתָא דְּרַב אַסִּי לְמֵיכַל אִיסּוּרָא? הַשְׁתָּא בְּהֶמְתָּן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים אֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵבִיא תַּקָּלָה עַל יָדָן, צַדִּיקִים עַצְמָן לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן?
Rabbi Zeira said to himself: Is it possible that the Sages issued a decree on a mixture containing demai and the matter eventuated that Rav Asi ate forbidden food? Now, since even with regard to the animals of the righteous, the Holy One, Blessed be He, does not generate mishaps through them, is it not all the more so true that the righteous themselves would not experience mishaps?
נְפַק רַבִּי זֵירָא דַּק וְאַשְׁכַּח, דִּתְנַן: הַלּוֹקֵחַ יַיִן לָתֵת לְתוֹךְ הַמּוּרְיָיס אוֹ לְתוֹךְ הָאֲלוּנְתִּית, כַּרְשִׁינִין לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן טְחִינִין, עֲדָשִׁים לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן רְסִיסִין – חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם דְּמַאי, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר מִשּׁוּם וַדַּאי.
Rabbi Zeira emerged, analyzed, and found that no mishap was generated through Rav Asi, as we learned in a baraita (Tosefta, Demai 1:24): In the case of one who purchases wine to place into fish gravy [hamorayes] or into aluntit, a beverage in which wine is mixed, or one who purchases vetch to prepare grist from it, or lentils to prepare groats from it, if it is uncertain whether what he purchased is tithed, e.g., he bought it from one who is unreliable with regard to tithes [am ha’aretz], one is obligated to tithe it, due to the fact that it is demai. And needless to say, if it is certain that what he purchased is not tithed, he is obligated to tithe it due to the fact that it is certain that it is untithed produce.
וְהֵן עַצְמָן מוּתָּרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן תַּעֲרוֹבֶת.
And they themselves, the gravy, aluntit, grist, and groats that one purchased from an am ha’aretz, are permitted, because they are a mixture. Since only one element of the mixture must be tithed, the food is permitted.
וְלֹא גָּזְרוּ עַל תַּעֲרוֹבֶת דְּמַאי? וְהָתַנְיָא: הַנּוֹתֵן לִשְׁכֶנְתּוֹ עִיסָּה לֶאֱפוֹת, וּקְדֵירָה לְבַשֵּׁל – אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לִשְׂאוֹר וְתַבְלִין שֶׁבָּהּ, לֹא מִשּׁוּם שְׁבִיעִית וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם מַעֲשֵׂר.
The Gemara asks: And is it so that the Sages did not issue a decree on a mixture containing demai? But isn’t it taught in a baraita: With regard to one who gives his neighbor, who is an am ha’aretz, dough to bake and gives her leaven for the dough to rise, or gives her a pot of food and the spices to cook in it, he need not be concerned about the leaven and the spices that are in the dough and the pot respectively, that perhaps she replaced them with her own, neither with regard to the possibility that they are Sabbatical Year produce nor with regard to the possibility that tithe was not separated.
וְאִם אָמַר לָהּ: ״עֲשִׂי לִי מִשֶּׁלִּיכִי״, חוֹשֵׁשׁ לִשְׂאוֹר וְתַבְלִין שֶׁבָּהּ מִשּׁוּם שְׁבִיעִית וּמִשּׁוּם מַעֲשֵׂר.
And if he says to her: Prepare the dough or the food for me with your own leaven and spices, he must be concerned about the leaven and the spices that are in the dough and the pot respectively, with regard to the possibility that they are Sabbatical Year produce and with regard to the possibility that tithe was not separated, even though it is a mixture containing demai.
שָׁאנֵי הָתָם, דְּכֵיוָן דְּקָאָמַר לַהּ ״עֲשִׂי לִי מִשֶּׁלִּיכִי״, כְּמַאן דְּעָרֵיב בְּיָדַיִם דְּמֵי. רַפְרָם אָמַר: שָׁאנֵי שְׂאוֹר וְתַבְלִין, דִּלְטַעְמָא עֲבִיד, וְטַעְמָא לָא בָּטֵיל.
The Gemara answers: It is different there, as, since he said to her: Prepare the dough or the food for me from your own, it is like one who mixed it by direct action. Rafram said: Leaven and spices are different, as each of them is made for the purpose of adding taste to the mixture, and taste is not nullified in a mixture.
וּלְחַלּוֹפֵי לָא חָיְישִׁינַן? וְהָתְנַן: הַנּוֹתֵן לַחֲמוֹתוֹ – מְעַשֵּׂר אֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ וְאֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל מִמֶּנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדָהּ מַחְלֶפֶת הַמִּתְקַלְקֵל! הָתָם כִּדְתַנְיָא טַעְמָא, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: רוֹצֶה הִיא בְּתַקָּנַת בִּתָּהּ וּבוֹשָׁה מֵחֲתָנָהּ.
The Gemara asks: And are we not concerned about replacement of the ingredients that he gave his neighbor with her own? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Demai 3:6): One who gives dough to his mother-in-law, who is suspect with regard to tithing, so that she will prepare it for him, must tithe everything that he gives her and everything that he takes back from her. This is because she is suspected of replacing an ingredient that spoils. The Gemara answers: There, the reason is like it is taught explicitly in that mishna, that Rabbi Yehuda said: The mother-in-law desires her daughter’s well-being and wants to ensure that she eats quality food, and is reticent to tell her son-in-law that she replaced the ingredients that spoiled.
וּלְעָלְמָא לָא חָיְישִׁינַן? וְהָתְנַן: הַנּוֹתֵן לַפּוּנְדָּקִית שֶׁלּוֹ – מְעַשֵּׂר אֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ וְאֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל הֵימֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדָהּ מַחְלֶפֶת! הָתָם נָמֵי מוֹרְיָא וְאָמְרָה: בַּר בֵּי רַב לֵיכוֹל חַמִּימָא, וַאֲנָא אֵיכוֹל קָרִירָא.
The Gemara asks: And in general, in a case not involving one’s mother-in-law, are we not concerned about the possibility of replacement? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Demai 3:5): One who gives dough or a pot of food to his innkeeper [pundakit] who is an am ha’aretz to bake or cook, tithes what he gives her and tithes what he takes back from her, due to the fact that she is suspected of replacing the ingredients? The Gemara answers: There too, her intentions are good, as the innkeeper rationalizes her deception and says: Let the student of Torah eat my hot food and I will eat his cold food.
וּלְחַלּוֹפֵי לָא חָיְישִׁינַן? וְהָתַנְיָא: אֵשֶׁת חָבֵר טוֹחֶנֶת עִם אֵשֶׁת עַם הָאָרֶץ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה, אֲבָל לֹא בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה.
The Gemara asks: And are we not concerned about replacement of the ingredients? But isn’t it taught in a baraita: The wife of a ḥaver, one devoted to the meticulous observance of mitzvot, especially the halakhot of ritual purity, teruma, and tithes,grinds grain with the wife of an am ha’aretz when the wife of the ḥaver is ritually impure with the impurity of a menstruating woman. In that case, there is no concern that she will eat her counterpart’s untithed produce, as, since she is impure she will refrain from touching the grain so that she will not render it impure. But she may not do so when she is ritually pure, due to the concern that she will eat the untithed produce.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: אַף בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה לֹא תִּטְחוֹן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲבֶירְתָּהּ נוֹתֶנֶת לָהּ וְאוֹכֶלֶת.
Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: Even when she is impure, the wife of the ḥaver may not grind grain together with the wife of the am ha’aretz, due to the fact that her counterpart gives her grain and she eats it without touching the rest of the grain.
הַשְׁתָּא מִיגְזָל גָּזְלָה, חַלּוֹפֵי מִיבַּעְיָא? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: הָתָם נָמֵי מוֹרְיָא וְאָמְרָה ״תּוֹרָא מִדְּיָשֵׁיהּ קָאָכֵיל״.
The Gemara infers: Now that there is suspicion that the wife of the am ha’aretz steals from her husband’s grain and gives it to her counterparts, is it necessary to say that she is suspect with regard to replacing ingredients? Rav Yosef said: There too there are special circumstances, as the wife of the am ha’aretz rationalizes her behavior and says metaphorically: The ox eats from its threshing, and believes that the wife of the ḥaver is entitled to some of the grain that she is grinding.
הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן זֵרוּז, בֶּן חָמִיו שֶׁל רַבִּי מֵאִיר, לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עַל רַבִּי מֵאִיר שֶׁאָכַל עָלֶה שֶׁל יָרָק בְּבֵית שְׁאָן, וְהִתִּיר רַבִּי אֶת בֵּית שְׁאָן כּוּלָּהּ עַל יָדוֹ.
§ The Gemara resumes its discussion of the statement that the righteous would not experience mishaps. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Zeruz, son of the father-in-law of Rabbi Meir, testified before Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi about Rabbi Meir that he ate the leaf of a vegetable in Beit She’an without tithing or separating teruma, as he holds that Beit She’an is not part of Eretz Yisrael and therefore is not sacred with its sanctity. And Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi permitted all the produce of Beit She’an on the basis of his testimony.
חָבְרוּ עָלָיו אֶחָיו וּבֵית אָבִיו, אָמְרוּ לוֹ: מָקוֹם שֶׁאֲבוֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבוֹתֶיךָ נָהֲגוּ בּוֹ אִיסּוּר, אַתָּה תִּנְהוֹג בּוֹ הֶיתֵּר?
His brothers and his father’s household united against him and said to him: In a place where your fathers and the fathers of your fathers treated untithed produce as forbidden, will you treat it as permitted?
דְּרַשׁ לָהֶן מִקְרָא זֶה: ״וְכִתַּת נְחַשׁ הַנְּחֹשֶׁת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה מֹשֶׁה כִּי עַד הַיָּמִים הָהֵמָּה הָיוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקַטְּרִים לוֹ וַיִּקְרָא לוֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּן״. אֶפְשָׁר בָּא אָסָא וְלֹא בִּיעֲרוֹ, בָּא יְהוֹשָׁפָט וְלֹא בִּיעֲרוֹ? וַהֲלֹא כׇּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אָסָא וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בִּיעֲרוּם!
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi interpreted this verse to them: “And he broke in pieces the copper serpent that Moses had made; for until those days the children of Israel burned incense to it; and it was called Nehushtan” (II Kings 18:4). Is it possible that they burned incense to it and Asa, a righteous king, came and did not eradicate it, and Jehoshaphat, a righteous king, came and did not eradicate it, and it remained until the time of Hezekiah? But didn’t Asa and Jehoshaphat eradicate all objects of idol worship in the world?
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תמיד רציתי. למדתי גמרא בבית ספר בטורונטו קנדה. עליתי ארצה ולמדתי שזה לא מקובל. הופתעתי.
יצאתי לגימלאות לפני שנתיים וזה מאפשר את המחוייבות לדף יומי.
עבורי ההתמדה בלימוד מעגן אותי בקשר שלי ליהדות. אני תמיד מחפשת ותמיד. מוצאת מקור לקשר. ללימוד חדש ומחדש. קשר עם נשים לומדות מעמיק את החוויה ומשמעותית מאוד.
Vitti Kones
מיתר, ישראל
I started my Daf Yomi journey at the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic.
Karena Perry
Los Angeles, United States
After all the hype on the 2020 siyum I became inspired by a friend to begin learning as the new cycle began.with no background in studying Talmud it was a bit daunting in the beginning. my husband began at the same time so we decided to study on shabbat together. The reaction from my 3 daughters has been fantastic. They are very proud. It’s been a great challenge for my brain which is so healthy!
Stacey Goodstein Ashtamker
Modi’in, Israel
I was moved to tears by the Hadran Siyyum HaShas. I have learned Torah all my life, but never connected to learning Gemara on a regular basis until then. Seeing the sheer joy Talmud Torah at the siyyum, I felt compelled to be part of it, and I haven’t missed a day!
It’s not always easy, but it is so worthwhile, and it has strengthened my love of learning. It is part of my life now.
Michelle Lewis
Beit Shemesh, Israel
I started learning Talmud with R’ Haramati in Yeshivah of Flatbush. But after a respite of 60 years, Rabbanit Michelle lit my fire – after attending the last three world siyumim in Miami Beach, Meadowlands and Boca Raton, and now that I’m retired, I decided – “I can do this!” It has been an incredible journey so far, and I look forward to learning Daf everyday – Mazal Tov to everyone!
Roslyn Jaffe
Florida, United States
Last cycle, I listened to parts of various מסכתות. When the הדרן סיום was advertised, I listened to Michelle on נידה. I knew that בע”ה with the next cycle I was in (ב”נ). As I entered the סיום (early), I saw the signs and was overcome with emotion. I was randomly seated in the front row, and I cried many times that night. My choice to learn דף יומי was affirmed. It is one of the best I have made!
Miriam Tannenbaum
אפרת, Israel
I saw an elderly man at the shul kiddush in early March 2020, celebrating the siyyum of masechet brachot which he had been learning with a young yeshiva student. I thought, if he can do it, I can do it! I began to learn masechet Shabbat the next day, Making up masechet brachot myself, which I had missed. I haven’t missed a day since, thanks to the ease of listening to Hadran’s podcast!
Judith Shapiro
Minnesota, United States
Retirement and Covid converged to provide me with the opportunity to commit to daily Talmud study in October 2020. I dove into the middle of Eruvin and continued to navigate Seder Moed, with Rabannit Michelle as my guide. I have developed more confidence in my learning as I completed each masechet and look forward to completing the Daf Yomi cycle so that I can begin again!
Rhona Fink
San Diego, United States
Studying has changed my life view on הלכה and יהדות and time. It has taught me bonudaries of the human nature and honesty of our sages in their discourse to try and build a nation of caring people .
Goldie Gilad
Kfar Saba, Israel
My first Talmud class experience was a weekly group in 1971 studying Taanit. In 2007 I resumed Talmud study with a weekly group I continue learning with. January 2020, I was inspired to try learning Daf Yomi. A friend introduced me to Daf Yomi for Women and Rabbanit Michelle Farber, I have kept with this program and look forward, G- willing, to complete the entire Shas with Hadran.
Lorri Lewis
Palo Alto, CA, United States
My curiosity was peaked after seeing posts about the end of the last cycle. I am always looking for opportunities to increase my Jewish literacy & I am someone that is drawn to habit and consistency. Dinnertime includes a “Guess what I learned on the daf” segment for my husband and 18 year old twins. I also love the feelings of connection with my colleagues who are also learning.
Diana Bloom
Tampa, United States
I started learning at the beginning of this Daf Yomi cycle because I heard a lot about the previous cycle coming to an end and thought it would be a good thing to start doing. My husband had already bought several of the Koren Talmud Bavli books and they were just sitting on the shelf, not being used, so here was an opportunity to start using them and find out exactly what was in them. Loving it!
Caroline Levison
Borehamwood, United Kingdom
My Daf journey began in August 2012 after participating in the Siyum Hashas where I was blessed as an “enabler” of others. Galvanized into my own learning I recited the Hadran on Shas in January 2020 with Rabbanit Michelle. That Siyum was a highlight in my life. Now, on round two, Daf has become my spiritual anchor to which I attribute manifold blessings.
Rina Goldberg
Englewood NJ, United States
I’ve been studying Talmud since the ’90s, and decided to take on Daf Yomi two years ago. I wanted to attempt the challenge of a day-to-day, very Jewish activity. Some days are so interesting and some days are so boring. But I’m still here.
Wendy Rozov
Phoenix, AZ, United States
Since I started in January of 2020, Daf Yomi has changed my life. It connects me to Jews all over the world, especially learned women. It makes cooking, gardening, and folding laundry into acts of Torah study. Daf Yomi enables me to participate in a conversation with and about our heritage that has been going on for more than 2000 years.
Shira Eliaser
Skokie, IL, United States
I started with Ze Kollel in Berlin, directed by Jeremy Borowitz for Hillel Deutschland. We read Masechet Megillah chapter 4 and each participant wrote his commentary on a Sugia that particularly impressed him. I wrote six poems about different Sugiot!
Fascinated by the discussions on Talmud I continued to learn with Rabanit Michelle Farber and am currently taking part in the Tikun Olam course.
Yael Merlini
Berlin, Germany
I never thought I’d be able to do Daf Yomi till I saw the video of Hadran’s Siyum HaShas. Now, 2 years later, I’m about to participate in Siyum Seder Mo’ed with my Hadran community. It has been an incredible privilege to learn with Rabbanit Michelle and to get to know so many caring, talented and knowledgeable women. I look forward with great anticipation and excitement to learning Seder Nashim.
Caroline Ben-Ari
Karmiel, Israel
I started learning Daf in Jan 2020 with Brachot b/c I had never seen the Jewish people united around something so positive, and I wanted to be a part of it. Also, I wanted to broaden my background in Torah Shebal Peh- Maayanot gave me a great gemara education, but I knew that I could hold a conversation in most parts of tanach but almost no TSB. I’m so thankful for Daf and have gained immensely.
Meira Shapiro
NJ, United States
After being so inspired by the siyum shas two years ago, I began tentatively learning daf yomi, like Rabbanut Michelle kept saying – taking one daf at a time. I’m still taking it one daf at a time, one masechet at a time, but I’m loving it and am still so inspired by Rabbanit Michelle and the Hadran community, and yes – I am proud to be finishing Seder Mo’ed.
Caroline Graham-Ofstein
Bet Shemesh, Israel
I started learning Daf Yomi inspired by תָּפַסְתָּ מְרוּבֶּה לֹא תָּפַסְתָּ, תָּפַסְתָּ מוּעָט תָּפַסְתָּ. I thought I’d start the first page, and then see. I was swept up into the enthusiasm of the Hadran Siyum, and from there the momentum kept building. Rabbanit Michelle’s shiur gives me an anchor, a connection to an incredible virtual community, and an energy to face whatever the day brings.
Medinah Korn
בית שמש, Israel
Chullin 6
וְאִי סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּיךְ לָא קַבְּלַהּ מִינֵּיהּ, לִישַׁנֵּי לֵיהּ: כָּאן כְּשֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבָּיו, כָּאן כְּשֶׁאֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבָּיו? אֶלָּא לָאו שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ קַבְּלַהּ מִינֵּיהּ, שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ.
And if it enters your mind that Rabbi Zeira did not accept from Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi that Rabban Gamliel prohibited eating from the slaughter of a Samaritan even when a Jew was standing over him, let Rabbi Zeira resolve the matter for himself in a different manner: Here, where Rabbi Yoḥanan ate from the slaughter of a Samaritan, it was when a Jew was standing over him; there, where Rabban Gamliel prohibited eating from the slaughter of a Samaritan, it was when a Jew was not standing over him. Rather, must one not conclude from it that Rabbi Zeira accepted the response from Rabbi Ya’akov bar Idi. The Gemara affirms: Indeed, learn this from it.
וּמַאי טַעְמָא גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן? כִּי הָא דְּרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר, שַׁדְּרֵיהּ רַבִּי מֵאִיר לְאֵתוֹיֵי חַמְרָא מִבֵּי כוּתָאֵי, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ הָהוּא סָבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: ״וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״, הָלַךְ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר וְסִפֵּר דְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר, וְגָזַר עֲלֵיהֶן.
§ The Gemara asks: And what is the reason that the Sages, Rabban Gamliel and his court, issued a decree rendering it prohibited to eat from the slaughter of Samaritans? The Gemara answers: It is like that case involving Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar, in which Rabbi Meir dispatched him to bring wine from the area of the Samaritans. A certain elder found him and said to him: “And put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite” (Proverbs 23:2),as a warning to distance himself from them and not to drink their wine, because they were not reliable. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar went and related those matters before Rabbi Meir, and Rabbi Meir issued a decree against them.
מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: דְּמוּת יוֹנָה מָצְאוּ לָהֶן בְּרֹאשׁ הַר גְּרִיזִים, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹבְדִין אוֹתָהּ. וְרַבִּי מֵאִיר לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּחָיֵישׁ לְמִיעוּטָא, וְגָזַר רוּבָּא אַטּוּ מִיעוּטָא. וְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל וּבֵית דִּינוֹ נָמֵי כְּרַבִּי מֵאִיר סְבִירָא לְהוּ.
What is the reason that the Samaritans are deemed unreliable? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: At the peak of Mount Gerizim they found the image of a dove, which the Samaritan residents of Mount Gerizim would worship; and Rabbi Meir issued the decree according to his line of reasoning that he takes the minority into consideration, and therefore, despite the fact that the majority of Samaritans did not live on Mount Gerizim, he issued a decree rendering meat slaughtered by the majority forbidden due to the minority that worshipped that idol. And Rabban Gamliel and his court also hold in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir.
פְּשָׁטֵיהּ דִּקְרָא בְּמַאי כְּתִיב? בְּתַלְמִיד הַיּוֹשֵׁב לִפְנֵי רַבּוֹ, דְּתָנֵי רַבִּי חִיָּיא: ״כִּי תֵשֵׁב לִלְחוֹם אֶת מוֹשֵׁל בִּין תָּבִין אֶת אֲשֶׁר לְפָנֶיךָ וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״.
The Gemara asks: As to the plain meaning of that verse: “And put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite,” with regard to what matter is it written? The Gemara answers: It is written with regard to a student who is sitting before his teacher, as he must consider his words carefully. As Rabbi Ḥiyya teaches a baraita interpreting the verses: “When you sit to eat with a ruler, consider well [bin tavin] him that is before you; and put a knife to your throat, if you are a man given to appetite” (Proverbs 23:1–2).
אִם יוֹדֵעַ תַּלְמִיד בְּרַבּוֹ שֶׁיּוֹדֵעַ לְהַחֲזִיר לוֹ טַעַם – ״בִּין״, וְאִם לָאו – ״תָּבִין אֶת אֲשֶׁר לְפָנֶיךָ וְשַׂמְתָּ סַכִּין בְּלֹעֶךָ״, ״אִם בַּעַל נֶפֶשׁ אָתָּה״ – פְּרוֹשׁ הֵימֶנּוּ.
The tanna explains the verse: If a student knows about his teacher that he knows to respond to him with a reasoned answer, seek wisdom [bin] from him. And if the student believes that the teacher is not capable of doing so, understand [tavin] who is sitting before you, and put a knife to your throat and refrain from embarrassing him with questions that he cannot answer. And if you are a man given to appetite and you seek an answer to your question, distance yourself from him.
רַבִּי יִצְחָק בֶּן יוֹסֵף שַׁדְּרֵיהּ רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ לְאֵתוֹיֵי חַמְרָא מִבֵּי כוּתָאֵי, אַשְׁכְּחֵיהּ הָהוּא סָבָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לֵית כָּאן שׁוֹמְרֵי תוֹרָה. הָלַךְ רַבִּי יִצְחָק וְסִפֵּר דְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ, וְהָלַךְ רַבִּי אֲבָהוּ וְסִפֵּר דְּבָרִים לִפְנֵי רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי, וְלֹא זָזוּ מִשָּׁם עַד שֶׁעֲשָׂאוּם גּוֹיִם גְּמוּרִין.
Rabbi Abbahu dispatched Rabbi Yitzḥak ben Yosef to bring wine from the area of the Samaritans. A certain elder found him and said to him: The people here are not keepers of the Torah. Rabbi Yitzḥak went and related the matters before Rabbi Abbahu, and Rabbi Abbahu went and related the matters before Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi, and they did not move from there until they rendered the Samaritans full-fledged gentiles.
לְמַאי? אִי לִשְׁחִיטָה וְיֵין נֶסֶךְ, מֵהָתָם גְּזַרוּ בְּהוּ רַבָּנַן! אִינְהוּ גְּזוּר וְלָא קַבִּלוּ מִינַּיְיהוּ, אֲתוֹ רַבִּי אַמֵּי וְרַבִּי אַסִּי גְּזַרוּ וְקַבִּלוּ מִינַּיְיהוּ.
The Gemara asks: For what matters did those Sages render them full-fledged gentiles? If it was to prohibit eating from their slaughter and to render their wine as wine used for a libation in idol worship, these prohibitions were issued previously. From there, from the generations of Rabbi Meir and Rabban Gamliel, the Sages issued a decree prohibiting them. The Gemara answers: They issued a decree, and the people did not accept it from them. Rabbi Ami and Rabbi Asi came and issued a decree, and the people accepted it from them.
מַאי גּוֹיִם גְּמוּרִין? אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן בַּר יִצְחָק: לְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת וְלִיתֵּן רְשׁוּת.
The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of full-fledged gentiles? Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: It means that the halakhic status of a Samaritan is like that of a gentile with regard to renouncing his domain in a jointly-owned courtyard on Shabbat and to transferring his domain in the courtyard to residents of that courtyard.
וְכִדְתַנְיָא: יִשְׂרָאֵל מְשׁוּמָּד מְשַׁמֵּר שַׁבַּתּוֹ בַּשּׁוּק, מְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת וְנוֹתֵן רְשׁוּת, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מְשַׁמֵּר שַׁבַּתּוֹ בַּשּׁוּק, אֵינוֹ מְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת וְנוֹתֵן רְשׁוּת.
And this is as it is taught in a baraita: With regard to a Jewish transgressor who nevertheless observes his Shabbat in the marketplace, i.e., in public, if he failed to establish a joining of houses in a courtyard before Shabbat, his halakhic status is that of an observant Jew, and he may renounce his domain in the courtyard and transfer his domain in the courtyard. But a transgressor who does not observe his Shabbat in the marketplace may neither renounce his domain in the courtyard nor transfer his domain in the courtyard.
מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָמְרוּ: יִשְׂרָאֵל נוֹתֵן רְשׁוּת וּמְבַטֵּל רְשׁוּת, וּבְגוֹי עַד שֶׁיִּשְׂכּוֹר.
This is because the Sages said: Only a Jew may verbally transfer rights in his domain or renounce his rights in his domain, but with regard to a gentile, the other residents cannot establish a joining of courtyards unless the residents of the courtyard lease his domain from him. The halakhic status of one who publicly desecrates Shabbat is that of a gentile.
כֵּיצַד? אָמַר לוֹ: ״רְשׁוּתִי קְנוּיָה לָךְ״ ״רְשׁוּתִי מְבוּטֶּלֶת לָךְ״ – קָנָה, וְאֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לִזְכּוֹת.
How does a Jew transfer or renounce his domain? If a Jew says to his neighbor: My domain is transferred to you or my domain is renounced to you, his neighbor has acquired his domain, and it is not necessary for him to grant it to his neighbor by means of one of the standard modes of acquisition.
רַבִּי זֵירָא וְרַב אַסִּי אִיקְּלַעוּ לְפוּנְדְּקָא דְּיָאֵי, אַיְיתוֹ לְקַמַּיְיהוּ בֵּיצִים הַמְצוּמָּקוֹת בְּיַיִן. רַבִּי זֵירָא לָא אֲכַל, וְרַב אַסִּי אֲכַל. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַבִּי זֵירָא לְרַב אַסִּי: וְלָא חָיֵישׁ מָר לְתַעֲרוֹבֶת דְּמַאי? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: לָאו אַדַּעְתַּאי.
§ The Gemara revisits the statement that the righteous would not experience mishaps. Rabbi Zeira and Rav Asi happened to come to the inn of the town of Ya’ei. In the inn, they brought before these Sages eggs that shriveled after being cooked in wine. Rabbi Zeira did not eat the eggs, and Rav Asi ate them. Rabbi Zeira said to Rav Asi: And is the Master not concerned about the possibility that the dish is a mixture containing wine that is doubtfully tithed produce [demai]? Rav Asi said to him: It did not enter my mind.
אָמַר רַבִּי זֵירָא: אֶפְשָׁר גָּזְרוּ עַל הַתַּעֲרוֹבֶת דְּמַאי, וּמִסְתַּיְּיעָא מִילְּתָא דְּרַב אַסִּי לְמֵיכַל אִיסּוּרָא? הַשְׁתָּא בְּהֶמְתָּן שֶׁל צַדִּיקִים אֵין הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא מֵבִיא תַּקָּלָה עַל יָדָן, צַדִּיקִים עַצְמָן לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן?
Rabbi Zeira said to himself: Is it possible that the Sages issued a decree on a mixture containing demai and the matter eventuated that Rav Asi ate forbidden food? Now, since even with regard to the animals of the righteous, the Holy One, Blessed be He, does not generate mishaps through them, is it not all the more so true that the righteous themselves would not experience mishaps?
נְפַק רַבִּי זֵירָא דַּק וְאַשְׁכַּח, דִּתְנַן: הַלּוֹקֵחַ יַיִן לָתֵת לְתוֹךְ הַמּוּרְיָיס אוֹ לְתוֹךְ הָאֲלוּנְתִּית, כַּרְשִׁינִין לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן טְחִינִין, עֲדָשִׁים לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן רְסִיסִין – חַיָּיב מִשּׁוּם דְּמַאי, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר מִשּׁוּם וַדַּאי.
Rabbi Zeira emerged, analyzed, and found that no mishap was generated through Rav Asi, as we learned in a baraita (Tosefta, Demai 1:24): In the case of one who purchases wine to place into fish gravy [hamorayes] or into aluntit, a beverage in which wine is mixed, or one who purchases vetch to prepare grist from it, or lentils to prepare groats from it, if it is uncertain whether what he purchased is tithed, e.g., he bought it from one who is unreliable with regard to tithes [am ha’aretz], one is obligated to tithe it, due to the fact that it is demai. And needless to say, if it is certain that what he purchased is not tithed, he is obligated to tithe it due to the fact that it is certain that it is untithed produce.
וְהֵן עַצְמָן מוּתָּרִין, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן תַּעֲרוֹבֶת.
And they themselves, the gravy, aluntit, grist, and groats that one purchased from an am ha’aretz, are permitted, because they are a mixture. Since only one element of the mixture must be tithed, the food is permitted.
וְלֹא גָּזְרוּ עַל תַּעֲרוֹבֶת דְּמַאי? וְהָתַנְיָא: הַנּוֹתֵן לִשְׁכֶנְתּוֹ עִיסָּה לֶאֱפוֹת, וּקְדֵירָה לְבַשֵּׁל – אֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ לִשְׂאוֹר וְתַבְלִין שֶׁבָּהּ, לֹא מִשּׁוּם שְׁבִיעִית וְלֹא מִשּׁוּם מַעֲשֵׂר.
The Gemara asks: And is it so that the Sages did not issue a decree on a mixture containing demai? But isn’t it taught in a baraita: With regard to one who gives his neighbor, who is an am ha’aretz, dough to bake and gives her leaven for the dough to rise, or gives her a pot of food and the spices to cook in it, he need not be concerned about the leaven and the spices that are in the dough and the pot respectively, that perhaps she replaced them with her own, neither with regard to the possibility that they are Sabbatical Year produce nor with regard to the possibility that tithe was not separated.
וְאִם אָמַר לָהּ: ״עֲשִׂי לִי מִשֶּׁלִּיכִי״, חוֹשֵׁשׁ לִשְׂאוֹר וְתַבְלִין שֶׁבָּהּ מִשּׁוּם שְׁבִיעִית וּמִשּׁוּם מַעֲשֵׂר.
And if he says to her: Prepare the dough or the food for me with your own leaven and spices, he must be concerned about the leaven and the spices that are in the dough and the pot respectively, with regard to the possibility that they are Sabbatical Year produce and with regard to the possibility that tithe was not separated, even though it is a mixture containing demai.
שָׁאנֵי הָתָם, דְּכֵיוָן דְּקָאָמַר לַהּ ״עֲשִׂי לִי מִשֶּׁלִּיכִי״, כְּמַאן דְּעָרֵיב בְּיָדַיִם דְּמֵי. רַפְרָם אָמַר: שָׁאנֵי שְׂאוֹר וְתַבְלִין, דִּלְטַעְמָא עֲבִיד, וְטַעְמָא לָא בָּטֵיל.
The Gemara answers: It is different there, as, since he said to her: Prepare the dough or the food for me from your own, it is like one who mixed it by direct action. Rafram said: Leaven and spices are different, as each of them is made for the purpose of adding taste to the mixture, and taste is not nullified in a mixture.
וּלְחַלּוֹפֵי לָא חָיְישִׁינַן? וְהָתְנַן: הַנּוֹתֵן לַחֲמוֹתוֹ – מְעַשֵּׂר אֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ וְאֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל מִמֶּנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדָהּ מַחְלֶפֶת הַמִּתְקַלְקֵל! הָתָם כִּדְתַנְיָא טַעְמָא, אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: רוֹצֶה הִיא בְּתַקָּנַת בִּתָּהּ וּבוֹשָׁה מֵחֲתָנָהּ.
The Gemara asks: And are we not concerned about replacement of the ingredients that he gave his neighbor with her own? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Demai 3:6): One who gives dough to his mother-in-law, who is suspect with regard to tithing, so that she will prepare it for him, must tithe everything that he gives her and everything that he takes back from her. This is because she is suspected of replacing an ingredient that spoils. The Gemara answers: There, the reason is like it is taught explicitly in that mishna, that Rabbi Yehuda said: The mother-in-law desires her daughter’s well-being and wants to ensure that she eats quality food, and is reticent to tell her son-in-law that she replaced the ingredients that spoiled.
וּלְעָלְמָא לָא חָיְישִׁינַן? וְהָתְנַן: הַנּוֹתֵן לַפּוּנְדָּקִית שֶׁלּוֹ – מְעַשֵּׂר אֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹתֵן לָהּ וְאֵת שֶׁהוּא נוֹטֵל הֵימֶנָּה, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲשׁוּדָהּ מַחְלֶפֶת! הָתָם נָמֵי מוֹרְיָא וְאָמְרָה: בַּר בֵּי רַב לֵיכוֹל חַמִּימָא, וַאֲנָא אֵיכוֹל קָרִירָא.
The Gemara asks: And in general, in a case not involving one’s mother-in-law, are we not concerned about the possibility of replacement? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Demai 3:5): One who gives dough or a pot of food to his innkeeper [pundakit] who is an am ha’aretz to bake or cook, tithes what he gives her and tithes what he takes back from her, due to the fact that she is suspected of replacing the ingredients? The Gemara answers: There too, her intentions are good, as the innkeeper rationalizes her deception and says: Let the student of Torah eat my hot food and I will eat his cold food.
וּלְחַלּוֹפֵי לָא חָיְישִׁינַן? וְהָתַנְיָא: אֵשֶׁת חָבֵר טוֹחֶנֶת עִם אֵשֶׁת עַם הָאָרֶץ בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה, אֲבָל לֹא בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא טְהוֹרָה.
The Gemara asks: And are we not concerned about replacement of the ingredients? But isn’t it taught in a baraita: The wife of a ḥaver, one devoted to the meticulous observance of mitzvot, especially the halakhot of ritual purity, teruma, and tithes,grinds grain with the wife of an am ha’aretz when the wife of the ḥaver is ritually impure with the impurity of a menstruating woman. In that case, there is no concern that she will eat her counterpart’s untithed produce, as, since she is impure she will refrain from touching the grain so that she will not render it impure. But she may not do so when she is ritually pure, due to the concern that she will eat the untithed produce.
רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: אַף בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא טְמֵאָה לֹא תִּטְחוֹן, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁחֲבֶירְתָּהּ נוֹתֶנֶת לָהּ וְאוֹכֶלֶת.
Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: Even when she is impure, the wife of the ḥaver may not grind grain together with the wife of the am ha’aretz, due to the fact that her counterpart gives her grain and she eats it without touching the rest of the grain.
הַשְׁתָּא מִיגְזָל גָּזְלָה, חַלּוֹפֵי מִיבַּעְיָא? אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: הָתָם נָמֵי מוֹרְיָא וְאָמְרָה ״תּוֹרָא מִדְּיָשֵׁיהּ קָאָכֵיל״.
The Gemara infers: Now that there is suspicion that the wife of the am ha’aretz steals from her husband’s grain and gives it to her counterparts, is it necessary to say that she is suspect with regard to replacing ingredients? Rav Yosef said: There too there are special circumstances, as the wife of the am ha’aretz rationalizes her behavior and says metaphorically: The ox eats from its threshing, and believes that the wife of the ḥaver is entitled to some of the grain that she is grinding.
הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן זֵרוּז, בֶּן חָמִיו שֶׁל רַבִּי מֵאִיר, לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עַל רַבִּי מֵאִיר שֶׁאָכַל עָלֶה שֶׁל יָרָק בְּבֵית שְׁאָן, וְהִתִּיר רַבִּי אֶת בֵּית שְׁאָן כּוּלָּהּ עַל יָדוֹ.
§ The Gemara resumes its discussion of the statement that the righteous would not experience mishaps. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Zeruz, son of the father-in-law of Rabbi Meir, testified before Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi about Rabbi Meir that he ate the leaf of a vegetable in Beit She’an without tithing or separating teruma, as he holds that Beit She’an is not part of Eretz Yisrael and therefore is not sacred with its sanctity. And Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi permitted all the produce of Beit She’an on the basis of his testimony.
חָבְרוּ עָלָיו אֶחָיו וּבֵית אָבִיו, אָמְרוּ לוֹ: מָקוֹם שֶׁאֲבוֹתֶיךָ וַאֲבוֹת אֲבוֹתֶיךָ נָהֲגוּ בּוֹ אִיסּוּר, אַתָּה תִּנְהוֹג בּוֹ הֶיתֵּר?
His brothers and his father’s household united against him and said to him: In a place where your fathers and the fathers of your fathers treated untithed produce as forbidden, will you treat it as permitted?
דְּרַשׁ לָהֶן מִקְרָא זֶה: ״וְכִתַּת נְחַשׁ הַנְּחֹשֶׁת אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה מֹשֶׁה כִּי עַד הַיָּמִים הָהֵמָּה הָיוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל מְקַטְּרִים לוֹ וַיִּקְרָא לוֹ נְחֻשְׁתָּן״. אֶפְשָׁר בָּא אָסָא וְלֹא בִּיעֲרוֹ, בָּא יְהוֹשָׁפָט וְלֹא בִּיעֲרוֹ? וַהֲלֹא כׇּל עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם אָסָא וִיהוֹשָׁפָט בִּיעֲרוּם!
Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi interpreted this verse to them: “And he broke in pieces the copper serpent that Moses had made; for until those days the children of Israel burned incense to it; and it was called Nehushtan” (II Kings 18:4). Is it possible that they burned incense to it and Asa, a righteous king, came and did not eradicate it, and Jehoshaphat, a righteous king, came and did not eradicate it, and it remained until the time of Hezekiah? But didn’t Asa and Jehoshaphat eradicate all objects of idol worship in the world?
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