The braita continues to explain extra cases where meilah is applicable – even in cases where one uses the item to purchase other sanctified items. Why did the braita need to include that a king and high priest are obligated in meilah? Does gold really not get damaged? If one benefited less than a pruta and damaged less than a pruta or benefited from one item and damaged a different, they do not join together. if one misuses a consecrated item it becomes non sacred and therefore the next person is not obligated for misuse. However there are some exceptions – which items are clear exceptions and which are a subject of debate?
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Judith Rosenfeld Hochstadter, Gittel bat Kreindel v’Binyamin BenZion on her second yahrzeit. “Her curiosity, humor, intellect and devout nature continues to inspire and hold us accountable. We miss her and think of her in all our pursuits, especially in our Hadran learning, where she would be glad to know that she didn’t have to boil more than 1 egg at a time!!”
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This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Judith Rosenfeld Hochstadter, Gittel bat Kreindel v’Binyamin BenZion on her second yahrzeit. “Her curiosity, humor, intellect and devout nature continues to inspire and hold us accountable. We miss her and think of her in all our pursuits, especially in our Hadran learning, where she would be glad to know that she didn’t have to boil more than 1 egg at a time!!”
Meilah 19
– עֵד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ לַחוֹל.
a non-priest who partakes of teruma is not liable until the teruma leaves from the domain of the sacred to the domain of the non-sacred, as one who partakes of teruma becomes its owner, the same should apply to misuse.
מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ לַקֹּדֶשׁ, כְּגוֹן: לָקַח קִינֵּי זָבִים, וְקִינֵּי זָבוֹת, וְקִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת,
But in fact one is also liable for misuse if he moves an item from the domain of the sacred to the domain of the sacred for another purpose, such as if he spent funds from the Temple treasury and acquired bird nests, i.e., pairs of birds, pigeons or doves, for zavim (see Leviticus 15:13–15), or the bird nests for zavot (see Leviticus 15:28–30), or the bird nests for women after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:6–8). Although the individual is using the money of the Temple treasury for a sacred purpose, nevertheless, since these obligatory offerings should be purchased with private funds, he commits misuse by deriving personal benefit from sacred funds.
וְשָׁקַל שִׁקְלוֹ, וְהֵבִיא חַטָּאתוֹ וַאֲשָׁמוֹ מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ – כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוֹצִיא – מָעַל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: עַד שֶׁיִּזְרוֹק הַדָּם. מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תִּמְעֹל מַעַל״ – מִכׇּל מָקוֹם.
And similarly, with regard to one who contributed his shekel, or brought his sin offering or his guilt offering from consecrated property, once he spends the funds he has committed misuse. This is the statement of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Yehuda says: He is not liable until the priest sprinkles the blood of the offerings, through which he achieves atonement, at which point he has derived his benefit from the consecrated property. The baraita returns to its question: From where is it derived that such use is also categorized as misuse? The verse states: “If anyone commits a misuse.” The inclusive language of the verse teaches that he is liable in any case.
אָמַר מָר: ״נֶפֶשׁ״ – אֶחָד הַיָּחִיד וְאֶחָד הַנָּשִׂיא וְאֶחָד הַמָּשׁוּחַ בַּמַּשְׁמָע. שֶׁיָּכוֹל, מַאי? פְּשִׁיטָא, ״נֶפֶשׁ״ כְּתִיב!
The Gemara analyzes the beginning of the baraita. The Master said above: The verse states: “If anyone commits a misuse” (Leviticus 5:15). All people are included in this halakha, whether the guilty person is the common individual, and whether he is the king, and whether he is the anointed High Priest. The Gemara asks: What else might one have thought? It is obvious that the king and the High Priest are included, as it is written: “Anyone.”
מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא, אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא ״וַאֲשֶׁר יִתֵּן מִמֶּנּוּ עַל זָר״, וְהַאי לָאו ״זָר״ הוּא, דְּהָא אִימְּשַׁח בְּגַוֵּויהּ, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.
The Gemara explains that the statement of the baraita is necessary, lest you say that these individuals are excluded from the halakha of misuse because the Merciful One states with regard to the anointing oil: “Or whosoever puts any of it upon a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people” (Exodus 30:33). And with regard to the anointing oil, this distinguished person, i.e., the High Priest or the king, is not considered a “stranger,” as he is anointed with it. Therefore, the baraita teaches us that even a High Priest and a king are included in the prohibition of misuse.
וְאַקְּשַׁהּ רַחֲמָנָא לְסוֹטָה, וְלַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְלִתְרוּמָה. לְסוֹטָה, דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא פָּגַם, גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ נָמֵי, נָתְנָה טַבַּעַת בְּיָדָהּ – מָעֲלָה.
§ The Gemara summarizes the derivations with regard to the halakha of misuse. The Merciful One compared the halakha of misuse to the case of a sota, and to idol worship, and to teruma, in order to teach several basic principles. Misuse is compared to a sota, in the verse: “If any man’s wife goes aside, and acts unfaithfully against him” (Numbers 5:12), as here one is liable for committing adultery even though the adulteress did not damage her body through her actions. With regard to consecrated property as well, even without causing damage, as in the case in which a woman placed a consecrated gold ring on her hand, i.e., her finger, she has thereby become liable for misuse.
כִּי אַקְּשַׁהּ רַחֲמָנָא לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, דְּעַד דְּאִית בַּהּ שִׁינּוּי, גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ נָמֵי, עַד דְּבִיקַּע בְּקַרְדּוֹם, וְיִפְגֹּם וּפָגוּם.
When the Merciful One compared misuse to idol worship, in the verse: “And they broke faith with the God of their fathers” (I Chronicles 5:25), this teaches that one is not liable for idol worship until there is a change effected by his act, as the idolater changes his worship of God for worship of idols. With regard to consecrated property as well, if the item is susceptible to damage, a person does not become liable for misuse until the act of misuse changes the item from being available for use for sacred purposes to being available for use only for non-sacred purposes, as in a case where he chops non-sacred wood with a consecrated ax and concurrently damages the ax, as the consecrated property is thereby damaged.
אַקְּשַׁהּ רַחֲמָנָא לִתְרוּמָה: מָה תְּרוּמָה, ״כִּי יֹאכַל״ – פְּרָט לְמַזִּיק, גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ נָמֵי – כֹּל דְּבַר אֲכִילָה, כִּי מַזֵּיק לֵיהּ – פָּטוּר.
Finally, the Merciful One compared misuse to the partaking of teruma by a non-priest, through the verbal analogy of the words “sin” and “sin” (see 18b). What is the halakha with regard to teruma? The verse states: “And if a man eats of the sacred item through error, then he shall add its fifth part upon it” (Leviticus 22:14). This excludes one who causes damage to the teruma without partaking of it, e.g., by spilling it on the ground. Such a person is exempt from the payment of the additional one-fifth. With regard to consecrated property as well, in the case of any consecrated edible item, or some other item, when one damages it without deriving benefit from the damaging act, he is exempt with regard to misuse.
כֵּיצַד? נָתְנָה קַטְלָא כּוּ׳. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב כָּהֲנָא לְרַב זְבִיד: וְדַהֲבָא לָאו בַּר אִיפְּגוֹמֵי הוּא? וְהָא דַּהֲבָא דְּכַלְּתֵיהּ דְּנוּן, לְהֵיכָא אֲזַל?
§ The mishna teaches: How is one liable for misuse of an item that is not subject to damage? For example, if a woman placed a consecrated gold chain around her neck. Rav Kahana said to Rav Zevid: And is it correct that gold is not subject to damage? But where did the gold of the daughter-in-law of the wealthy man Nun go? When Nun married off his son, he gave the bride many golden items of jewelry, which deteriorated over time. Evidently, gold is also subject to damage.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דִּלְמָא, דַּהֲבָא דְּרָמְיָין כַּלָּתָיךְ הוּא. וְעוֹד: נְהִי דְּלָא אִיכָּא נֶהֱנָה וּפָגַם לְאַלְתַּר, לְעוֹלָם מִי לָא אִיכָּא פְּגִימָה?
Rav Zevid said to Rav Kahana: Perhaps the gold of Nun’s daughter-in-law suffered the fate of the gold that your daughters-in-law cast aside. Like your daughters-in-law, Nun’s daughter-in-law treated her gold carelessly, which is why it deteriorated. And furthermore, granted that gold does not have the status of an item that is damaged immediately [le’altar] when someone derives benefit from it, but even so, does gold never sustain damage? Even gold deteriorates slowly and suffers measurable damage over long periods of time.
הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הַחַטָּאת וְכוּ׳. מִכְּדֵי אִי בִּבְהֵמָה תְּמִימָה, הַיְינוּ כּוֹס שֶׁל זָהָב! אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: בְּבַעֲלַת מוּם עָסְקִינַן.
§ The mishna further teaches: One who derives benefit from a sin offering or from other items of the most sacred order, as in the case of one who detaches its wool while the animal is alive, is not liable for misuse unless he causes damage of the value of one peruta. The Gemara asks: Now, if the ruling of the mishna is stated with regard to an unblemished domesticated animal, which is fit for sacrifice, this case is the same as that of a consecrated gold cup, which is not subject to damage. Since the animal remains fit as an offering even after wool has been detached from it, why is it subject to misuse only if it is damaged? Rav Pappa said: We are dealing with a blemished animal. Since it is unfit for sacrifice, it will be sold by the Temple treasury, and therefore the removal of wool reduces its sale price. Consequently, it is subject to misuse only if such use causes it damage.
מַתְנִי׳ נֶהֱנָה כְּבַחֲצִי פְרוּטָה וּפָגַם כַּחֲצִי פְרוּטָה, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּהֱנָה בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה בְּדָבָר אֶחָד וּפָגַם בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה בְּדָבָר אַחֵר – לֹא מָעַל, עֵד שֶׁיֵּהָנֶה בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה וְיִפְגֹּם בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה בְּדָבָר אֶחָד.
MISHNA: If one derived benefit equal to half of a peruta from a consecrated item and caused it half of a peruta of damage, or if he derived benefit equal to the value of one peruta from a consecrated item that has the potential to be damaged and caused damage of the value of one peruta to another consecrated item but derived no benefit from it, he is exempt. The reason is that one is not liable for misuse until he derives benefit of the value of one peruta from a consecrated item and causes damage of the value of one peruta to one, i.e., the same item.
אֵין מוֹעֵל אַחַר מוֹעֵל בְּמוּקְדָּשִׁין אֶלָּא בְּהֵמָה וּכְלִי שָׁרֵת בִּלְבַד. כֵּיצַד? רָכַב עַל גַּבֵּי בְּהֵמָה, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְרָכַב, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְרָכַב – כּוּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. שָׁתָה בְּכוֹס שֶׁל זָהָב, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְשָׁתָה, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְשָׁתָה – כּוּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. תָּלַשׁ מִן הַחַטָּאת, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְתָלַשׁ, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְתָלַשׁ – כּוּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ פִּדְיוֹן – יֵשׁ בּוֹ מוֹעֵל אַחַר מוֹעֵל.
One is liable for misuse after misuse in consecrated items only in the case of an animal and in the case of service vessels.How so? If one rode upon a sacrificial animal, and another person came and rode upon that animal, and yet another came and rode upon it as well, all of them are liable for misuse of the animal. In the case of service vessels, if one drank from a gold cup, and another came and drank from that cup, and yet another individual came and drank from it, all of them are liable for misuse of the cup. If one removed wool from a sin offering, and another came and removed wool from that animal, and yet another person came and removed wool from it, all of them are liable for misuse of the animal. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: With regard to any consecrated item that is not subject to redemption, there is liability for misuse after misuse with regard to it.
גְּמָ׳ מַנִּי? מַתְנִיתִין רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, הִיא: דְּתַנְיָא אֵין מוֹעֵל אַחַר מוֹעֵל אֶלָּא בִּבְהֵמָה בִּלְבַד. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר: בְּהֵמָה וּכְלִי שָׁרֵת.
GEMARA: According to the mishna, one can be liable for misuse after misuse only in the case of an animal or service vessels. The Gemara inquires: Whose opinion is expressed in the mishna? It is the opinion of Rabbi Neḥemya, as it is taught in a baraita (Tosefta 2:6): One is liable for misuse after misuse only in the case of an animal alone. Since an animal designated for sacrifice is not awaiting redemption or sale, its sanctity is not compromised when someone misuses it. It is therefore susceptible to repeated misuse. But with regard to service vessels, as according to the first tanna of the baraita they may be redeemed, their sanctity is compromised after they are misused even once, and they are no longer subject to misuse. Rabbi Neḥemya says: One is liable for misuse both in the case of an animal and in the case of service vessels.
מַאי טַעְמָא דְּתַנָּא קַמָּא? קָסָבַר: בְּעִנְיָינָא דִבְהֵמָה כְּתִיב, דִּכְתִיב בְּאֵיל הָאָשָׁם.
The Gemara asks: What is the reason of the first tanna in the baraita, who rules that service vessels are not susceptible to repeated misuse? The Gemara answers that he holds that the halakha of misuse is written with regard to the case of an animal. As it is written: “If anyone commits a misuse, and sins through error, in the sacred items of the Lord, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the Lord…and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven” (Leviticus 5:15–16). It is derived from here that the liability for repeated misuse applies only to an animal.
וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, אָמַר לָךְ: קַל וָחוֹמֶר: אִם אֲחֵרִים מֵבִיא לִקְדוּשָּׁתָן, הוּא עַצְמוֹ – לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן!
And Rabbi Neḥemya could have said to you, in response, the following a fortiori inference: If a service vessel brings other materials placed in them to their state of sanctity, thereby rendering those materials susceptible to misuse after misuse, all the more so is it not clear that the vessel itself should be susceptible to misuse after misuse.
רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ פִּדְיוֹן, יֵשׁ כּוּ׳. הַיְינוּ תַּנָּא קַמָּא! אָמַר רָבָא: אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ עֵצִים.
§ The mishna teaches that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: With regard to any consecrated item that is not subject to redemption, there is liability for misuse after misuse. The Gemara raises a difficulty: This opinion is the same as that of the first tanna. Why is this ruling presented as a dissenting opinion? Rava said: There is a difference between them in the case of donated wood. The first tanna maintains that wood does not have the status of an item consecrated as an offering; rather, it has the status of an item consecrated for Temple maintenance, and is therefore not subject to repeated misuse. By contrast, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds that wood has the status of items consecrated as an offering, which is not subject to damage and is therefore subject to repeated misuse.
דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: הָאוֹמֵר ״הֲרֵי עָלַי עֵצִים״ – לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי גְזִירִין. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: עֵצִים – קׇרְבָּן הֵן, וּטְעוּנִין מֶלַח, וּטְעוּנִין תְּנוּפָה.
As the Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to one who says, in the form of a vow: It is incumbent upon me to bring wood to the Temple, he must not bring fewer than two logs for the arrangement on the altar. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: Wood is considered an offering, as it is placed upon the altar, and therefore it requires salt, and it requires waving, like a meal offering.
אָמַר רָבָא: לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי, עֵצִים טְעוּנִין עֵצִים. וְאָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי, עֵצִים צְרִיכִין קְמִיצָה.
Rava says: According to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, wood donated in this manner requires more wood as an accompaniment, so that the donated sacrificial wood is sacrificed in the same manner as other donated offerings. And Rav Pappa further says: According to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, wood donated in this manner requires the removal of a handful. Similar to the rite of a meal offering, a portion of the wood must be removed and burned first.
רַב פָּפָּא אָמַר: קׇדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ תְּמִימִין וְנַעֲשׂוּ בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וְעָבַר וּשְׁחָטָן אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ.
Rav Pappa said that there is another difference between the opinion of the first tanna and that of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. If there were unblemished animals consecrated for the altar, and they became blemished and were disqualified from being sacrificed as offerings, and someone transgressed and slaughtered them before they were redeemed, in this case there is a difference between the opinion of the first tanna and that of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi.
וְהָתַנְיָא: קׇדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ תְּמִימִין, וְנַעֲשׂוּ בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, וְעָבַר וּשְׁחָטָן, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: יִקָּבְרוּ,
And indeed, it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi and the Rabbis engage in a dispute in that case: If there were unblemished animals consecrated for the altar, and they became blemished, and someone transgressed and slaughtered them, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: The consecrated animals may no longer be redeemed, as it is written: “He shall stand the animal before the priest. And the priest shall value it” (Leviticus 27:11–12). A dead animal cannot be stood before the priest, and therefore the animal carcasses must be buried.
וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יִפָּדוּ.
But the Rabbis say: The animals should be redeemed. Since Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi maintains the animals may not be redeemed, this indicates that they have inherent sanctity, and therefore they are subject to repeated misuse. By contrast, the first tanna, like the Rabbis, holds that their sanctity is a function of their value, and consequently they are not subject to repeated misuse.
מַתְנִי׳ נָטַל אֶבֶן אוֹ קוֹרָה שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ – הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא מָעַל.
MISHNA: In a case where one took for his use a consecrated stone or a beam, that person is not liable for its misuse.
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The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
While vacationing in San Diego, Rabbi Leah Herz asked if I’d be interested in being in hevruta with her to learn Daf Yomi through Hadran. Why not? I had loved learning Gemara in college in 1971 but hadn’t returned. With the onset of covid, Daf Yomi and Rabbanit Michelle centered me each day. Thank-you for helping me grow and enter this amazing world of learning.
Meryll Page
Minneapolis, MN, United States
My Daf journey began in August 2012 after participating in the Siyum Hashas where I was blessed as an “enabler” of others. Galvanized into my own learning I recited the Hadran on Shas in January 2020 with Rabbanit Michelle. That Siyum was a highlight in my life. Now, on round two, Daf has become my spiritual anchor to which I attribute manifold blessings.
Rina Goldberg
Englewood NJ, United States
I began learning with Rabbanit Michelle’s wonderful Talmud Skills class on Pesachim, which really enriched my Pesach seder, and I have been learning Daf Yomi off and on over the past year. Because I’m relatively new at this, there is a “chiddush” for me every time I learn, and the knowledge and insights of the group members add so much to my experience. I feel very lucky to be a part of this.
Julie Landau
Karmiel, Israel
I am grateful for the structure of the Daf Yomi. When I am freer to learn to my heart’s content, I learn other passages in addition. But even in times of difficulty, I always know that I can rely on the structure and social support of Daf Yomi learners all over the world.
I am also grateful for this forum. It is very helpful to learn with a group of enthusiastic and committed women.
Janice Block
Beit Shemesh, Israel
Margo
I started my Talmud journey in 7th grade at Akiba Jewish Day School in Chicago. I started my Daf Yomi journey after hearing Erica Brown speak at the Hadran Siyum about marking the passage of time through Daf Yomi.
Carolyn
I started my Talmud journey post-college in NY with a few classes. I started my Daf Yomi journey after the Hadran Siyum, which inspired both my son and myself.
Carolyn Hochstadter and Margo Kossoff Shizgal
Merion Station, USA
Beit Shemesh, Israel
I started learning Daf Yomi to fill what I saw as a large gap in my Jewish education. I also hope to inspire my three daughters to ensure that they do not allow the same Talmud-sized gap to form in their own educations. I am so proud to be a part of the Hadran community, and I have loved learning so many of the stories and halachot that we have seen so far. I look forward to continuing!
Dora Chana Haar
Oceanside NY, United States
I began to learn this cycle of Daf Yomi after my husband passed away 2 1/2 years ago. It seemed a good way to connect to him. Even though I don’t know whether he would have encouraged women learning Gemara, it would have opened wonderful conversations. It also gives me more depth for understanding my frum children and grandchildren. Thank you Hadran and Rabbanit Michelle Farber!!
Harriet Hartman
Tzur Hadassah, Israel
Shortly after the death of my father, David Malik z”l, I made the commitment to Daf Yomi. While riding to Ben Gurion airport in January, Siyum HaShas was playing on the radio; that was the nudge I needed to get started. The “everyday-ness” of the Daf has been a meaningful spiritual practice, especial after COVID began & I was temporarily unable to say Kaddish at daily in-person minyanim.
Lisa S. Malik
Wynnewood, United States
I started to listen to Michelle’s podcasts four years ago. The minute I started I was hooked. I’m so excited to learn the entire Talmud, and think I will continue always. I chose the quote “while a woman is engaged in conversation she also holds the spindle”. (Megillah 14b). It reminds me of all of the amazing women I learn with every day who multi-task, think ahead and accomplish so much.
Julie Mendelsohn
Zichron Yakov, Israel
When I began learning Daf Yomi at the beginning of the current cycle, I was preparing for an upcoming surgery and thought that learning the Daf would be something positive I could do each day during my recovery, even if I accomplished nothing else. I had no idea what a lifeline learning the Daf would turn out to be in so many ways.
Laura Shechter
Lexington, MA, United States
When I started studying Hebrew at Brown University’s Hillel, I had no idea that almost 38 years later, I’m doing Daf Yomi. My Shabbat haburah is led by Rabbanit Leah Sarna. The women are a hoot. I’m tracking the completion of each tractate by reading Ilana Kurshan’s memoir, If All the Seas Were Ink.
Hannah Lee
Pennsylvania, United States
In early 2020, I began the process of a stem cell transplant. The required extreme isolation forced me to leave work and normal life but gave me time to delve into Jewish text study. I did not feel isolated. I began Daf Yomi at the start of this cycle, with family members joining me online from my hospital room. I’ve used my newly granted time to to engage, grow and connect through this learning.
Reena Slovin
Worcester, United States
I started learning at the beginning of this Daf Yomi cycle because I heard a lot about the previous cycle coming to an end and thought it would be a good thing to start doing. My husband had already bought several of the Koren Talmud Bavli books and they were just sitting on the shelf, not being used, so here was an opportunity to start using them and find out exactly what was in them. Loving it!
Caroline Levison
Borehamwood, United Kingdom
3 years ago, I joined Rabbanit Michelle to organize the unprecedented Siyum HaShas event in Jerusalem for thousands of women. The whole experience was so inspiring that I decided then to start learning the daf and see how I would go…. and I’m still at it. I often listen to the Daf on my bike in mornings, surrounded by both the external & the internal beauty of Eretz Yisrael & Am Yisrael!
Lisa Kolodny
Raanana, Israel
I decided to learn one masechet, Brachot, but quickly fell in love and never stopped! It has been great, everyone is always asking how it’s going and chering me on, and my students are always making sure I did the day’s daf.
Yafit Fishbach
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
I started learning Daf Yomi inspired by תָּפַסְתָּ מְרוּבֶּה לֹא תָּפַסְתָּ, תָּפַסְתָּ מוּעָט תָּפַסְתָּ. I thought I’d start the first page, and then see. I was swept up into the enthusiasm of the Hadran Siyum, and from there the momentum kept building. Rabbanit Michelle’s shiur gives me an anchor, a connection to an incredible virtual community, and an energy to face whatever the day brings.
Medinah Korn
בית שמש, Israel
A friend mentioned that she was starting Daf Yomi in January 2020. I had heard of it and thought, why not? I decided to try it – go day by day and not think about the seven plus year commitment. Fast forward today, over two years in and I can’t imagine my life without Daf Yomi. It’s part of my morning ritual. If I have a busy day ahead of me I set my alarm to get up early to finish the day’s daf
Debbie Fitzerman
Ontario, Canada
I started learning Daf Yomi in January 2020 after watching my grandfather, Mayer Penstein z”l, finish shas with the previous cycle. My grandfather made learning so much fun was so proud that his grandchildren wanted to join him. I was also inspired by Ilana Kurshan’s book, If All the Seas Were Ink. Two years in, I can say that it has enriched my life in so many ways.
Leeza Hirt Wilner
New York, United States
Robin Zeiger
Tel Aviv, Israel
I started learning Daf in Jan 2020 with Brachot b/c I had never seen the Jewish people united around something so positive, and I wanted to be a part of it. Also, I wanted to broaden my background in Torah Shebal Peh- Maayanot gave me a great gemara education, but I knew that I could hold a conversation in most parts of tanach but almost no TSB. I’m so thankful for Daf and have gained immensely.
Meira Shapiro
NJ, United States
Meilah 19
– עֵד שֶׁיֵּצֵא מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ לַחוֹל.
a non-priest who partakes of teruma is not liable until the teruma leaves from the domain of the sacred to the domain of the non-sacred, as one who partakes of teruma becomes its owner, the same should apply to misuse.
מִן הַקֹּדֶשׁ לַקֹּדֶשׁ, כְּגוֹן: לָקַח קִינֵּי זָבִים, וְקִינֵּי זָבוֹת, וְקִינֵּי יוֹלְדוֹת,
But in fact one is also liable for misuse if he moves an item from the domain of the sacred to the domain of the sacred for another purpose, such as if he spent funds from the Temple treasury and acquired bird nests, i.e., pairs of birds, pigeons or doves, for zavim (see Leviticus 15:13–15), or the bird nests for zavot (see Leviticus 15:28–30), or the bird nests for women after childbirth (see Leviticus 12:6–8). Although the individual is using the money of the Temple treasury for a sacred purpose, nevertheless, since these obligatory offerings should be purchased with private funds, he commits misuse by deriving personal benefit from sacred funds.
וְשָׁקַל שִׁקְלוֹ, וְהֵבִיא חַטָּאתוֹ וַאֲשָׁמוֹ מִן הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ – כֵּיוָן שֶׁהוֹצִיא – מָעַל, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: עַד שֶׁיִּזְרוֹק הַדָּם. מִנַּיִן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״תִּמְעֹל מַעַל״ – מִכׇּל מָקוֹם.
And similarly, with regard to one who contributed his shekel, or brought his sin offering or his guilt offering from consecrated property, once he spends the funds he has committed misuse. This is the statement of Rabbi Shimon. Rabbi Yehuda says: He is not liable until the priest sprinkles the blood of the offerings, through which he achieves atonement, at which point he has derived his benefit from the consecrated property. The baraita returns to its question: From where is it derived that such use is also categorized as misuse? The verse states: “If anyone commits a misuse.” The inclusive language of the verse teaches that he is liable in any case.
אָמַר מָר: ״נֶפֶשׁ״ – אֶחָד הַיָּחִיד וְאֶחָד הַנָּשִׂיא וְאֶחָד הַמָּשׁוּחַ בַּמַּשְׁמָע. שֶׁיָּכוֹל, מַאי? פְּשִׁיטָא, ״נֶפֶשׁ״ כְּתִיב!
The Gemara analyzes the beginning of the baraita. The Master said above: The verse states: “If anyone commits a misuse” (Leviticus 5:15). All people are included in this halakha, whether the guilty person is the common individual, and whether he is the king, and whether he is the anointed High Priest. The Gemara asks: What else might one have thought? It is obvious that the king and the High Priest are included, as it is written: “Anyone.”
מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא, אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא ״וַאֲשֶׁר יִתֵּן מִמֶּנּוּ עַל זָר״, וְהַאי לָאו ״זָר״ הוּא, דְּהָא אִימְּשַׁח בְּגַוֵּויהּ, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.
The Gemara explains that the statement of the baraita is necessary, lest you say that these individuals are excluded from the halakha of misuse because the Merciful One states with regard to the anointing oil: “Or whosoever puts any of it upon a stranger, he shall be cut off from his people” (Exodus 30:33). And with regard to the anointing oil, this distinguished person, i.e., the High Priest or the king, is not considered a “stranger,” as he is anointed with it. Therefore, the baraita teaches us that even a High Priest and a king are included in the prohibition of misuse.
וְאַקְּשַׁהּ רַחֲמָנָא לְסוֹטָה, וְלַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, וְלִתְרוּמָה. לְסוֹטָה, דְּאַף עַל גַּב דְּלֹא פָּגַם, גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ נָמֵי, נָתְנָה טַבַּעַת בְּיָדָהּ – מָעֲלָה.
§ The Gemara summarizes the derivations with regard to the halakha of misuse. The Merciful One compared the halakha of misuse to the case of a sota, and to idol worship, and to teruma, in order to teach several basic principles. Misuse is compared to a sota, in the verse: “If any man’s wife goes aside, and acts unfaithfully against him” (Numbers 5:12), as here one is liable for committing adultery even though the adulteress did not damage her body through her actions. With regard to consecrated property as well, even without causing damage, as in the case in which a woman placed a consecrated gold ring on her hand, i.e., her finger, she has thereby become liable for misuse.
כִּי אַקְּשַׁהּ רַחֲמָנָא לַעֲבוֹדָה זָרָה, דְּעַד דְּאִית בַּהּ שִׁינּוּי, גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ נָמֵי, עַד דְּבִיקַּע בְּקַרְדּוֹם, וְיִפְגֹּם וּפָגוּם.
When the Merciful One compared misuse to idol worship, in the verse: “And they broke faith with the God of their fathers” (I Chronicles 5:25), this teaches that one is not liable for idol worship until there is a change effected by his act, as the idolater changes his worship of God for worship of idols. With regard to consecrated property as well, if the item is susceptible to damage, a person does not become liable for misuse until the act of misuse changes the item from being available for use for sacred purposes to being available for use only for non-sacred purposes, as in a case where he chops non-sacred wood with a consecrated ax and concurrently damages the ax, as the consecrated property is thereby damaged.
אַקְּשַׁהּ רַחֲמָנָא לִתְרוּמָה: מָה תְּרוּמָה, ״כִּי יֹאכַל״ – פְּרָט לְמַזִּיק, גַּבֵּי הֶקְדֵּשׁ נָמֵי – כֹּל דְּבַר אֲכִילָה, כִּי מַזֵּיק לֵיהּ – פָּטוּר.
Finally, the Merciful One compared misuse to the partaking of teruma by a non-priest, through the verbal analogy of the words “sin” and “sin” (see 18b). What is the halakha with regard to teruma? The verse states: “And if a man eats of the sacred item through error, then he shall add its fifth part upon it” (Leviticus 22:14). This excludes one who causes damage to the teruma without partaking of it, e.g., by spilling it on the ground. Such a person is exempt from the payment of the additional one-fifth. With regard to consecrated property as well, in the case of any consecrated edible item, or some other item, when one damages it without deriving benefit from the damaging act, he is exempt with regard to misuse.
כֵּיצַד? נָתְנָה קַטְלָא כּוּ׳. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב כָּהֲנָא לְרַב זְבִיד: וְדַהֲבָא לָאו בַּר אִיפְּגוֹמֵי הוּא? וְהָא דַּהֲבָא דְּכַלְּתֵיהּ דְּנוּן, לְהֵיכָא אֲזַל?
§ The mishna teaches: How is one liable for misuse of an item that is not subject to damage? For example, if a woman placed a consecrated gold chain around her neck. Rav Kahana said to Rav Zevid: And is it correct that gold is not subject to damage? But where did the gold of the daughter-in-law of the wealthy man Nun go? When Nun married off his son, he gave the bride many golden items of jewelry, which deteriorated over time. Evidently, gold is also subject to damage.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דִּלְמָא, דַּהֲבָא דְּרָמְיָין כַּלָּתָיךְ הוּא. וְעוֹד: נְהִי דְּלָא אִיכָּא נֶהֱנָה וּפָגַם לְאַלְתַּר, לְעוֹלָם מִי לָא אִיכָּא פְּגִימָה?
Rav Zevid said to Rav Kahana: Perhaps the gold of Nun’s daughter-in-law suffered the fate of the gold that your daughters-in-law cast aside. Like your daughters-in-law, Nun’s daughter-in-law treated her gold carelessly, which is why it deteriorated. And furthermore, granted that gold does not have the status of an item that is damaged immediately [le’altar] when someone derives benefit from it, but even so, does gold never sustain damage? Even gold deteriorates slowly and suffers measurable damage over long periods of time.
הַנֶּהֱנֶה מִן הַחַטָּאת וְכוּ׳. מִכְּדֵי אִי בִּבְהֵמָה תְּמִימָה, הַיְינוּ כּוֹס שֶׁל זָהָב! אָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: בְּבַעֲלַת מוּם עָסְקִינַן.
§ The mishna further teaches: One who derives benefit from a sin offering or from other items of the most sacred order, as in the case of one who detaches its wool while the animal is alive, is not liable for misuse unless he causes damage of the value of one peruta. The Gemara asks: Now, if the ruling of the mishna is stated with regard to an unblemished domesticated animal, which is fit for sacrifice, this case is the same as that of a consecrated gold cup, which is not subject to damage. Since the animal remains fit as an offering even after wool has been detached from it, why is it subject to misuse only if it is damaged? Rav Pappa said: We are dealing with a blemished animal. Since it is unfit for sacrifice, it will be sold by the Temple treasury, and therefore the removal of wool reduces its sale price. Consequently, it is subject to misuse only if such use causes it damage.
מַתְנִי׳ נֶהֱנָה כְּבַחֲצִי פְרוּטָה וּפָגַם כַּחֲצִי פְרוּטָה, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּהֱנָה בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה בְּדָבָר אֶחָד וּפָגַם בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה בְּדָבָר אַחֵר – לֹא מָעַל, עֵד שֶׁיֵּהָנֶה בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה וְיִפְגֹּם בְּשָׁוֶה פְּרוּטָה בְּדָבָר אֶחָד.
MISHNA: If one derived benefit equal to half of a peruta from a consecrated item and caused it half of a peruta of damage, or if he derived benefit equal to the value of one peruta from a consecrated item that has the potential to be damaged and caused damage of the value of one peruta to another consecrated item but derived no benefit from it, he is exempt. The reason is that one is not liable for misuse until he derives benefit of the value of one peruta from a consecrated item and causes damage of the value of one peruta to one, i.e., the same item.
אֵין מוֹעֵל אַחַר מוֹעֵל בְּמוּקְדָּשִׁין אֶלָּא בְּהֵמָה וּכְלִי שָׁרֵת בִּלְבַד. כֵּיצַד? רָכַב עַל גַּבֵּי בְּהֵמָה, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְרָכַב, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְרָכַב – כּוּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. שָׁתָה בְּכוֹס שֶׁל זָהָב, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְשָׁתָה, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְשָׁתָה – כּוּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. תָּלַשׁ מִן הַחַטָּאת, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְתָלַשׁ, וּבָא חֲבֵרוֹ וְתָלַשׁ – כּוּלָּן מָעֲלוּ. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ פִּדְיוֹן – יֵשׁ בּוֹ מוֹעֵל אַחַר מוֹעֵל.
One is liable for misuse after misuse in consecrated items only in the case of an animal and in the case of service vessels.How so? If one rode upon a sacrificial animal, and another person came and rode upon that animal, and yet another came and rode upon it as well, all of them are liable for misuse of the animal. In the case of service vessels, if one drank from a gold cup, and another came and drank from that cup, and yet another individual came and drank from it, all of them are liable for misuse of the cup. If one removed wool from a sin offering, and another came and removed wool from that animal, and yet another person came and removed wool from it, all of them are liable for misuse of the animal. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: With regard to any consecrated item that is not subject to redemption, there is liability for misuse after misuse with regard to it.
גְּמָ׳ מַנִּי? מַתְנִיתִין רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, הִיא: דְּתַנְיָא אֵין מוֹעֵל אַחַר מוֹעֵל אֶלָּא בִּבְהֵמָה בִּלְבַד. רַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה אוֹמֵר: בְּהֵמָה וּכְלִי שָׁרֵת.
GEMARA: According to the mishna, one can be liable for misuse after misuse only in the case of an animal or service vessels. The Gemara inquires: Whose opinion is expressed in the mishna? It is the opinion of Rabbi Neḥemya, as it is taught in a baraita (Tosefta 2:6): One is liable for misuse after misuse only in the case of an animal alone. Since an animal designated for sacrifice is not awaiting redemption or sale, its sanctity is not compromised when someone misuses it. It is therefore susceptible to repeated misuse. But with regard to service vessels, as according to the first tanna of the baraita they may be redeemed, their sanctity is compromised after they are misused even once, and they are no longer subject to misuse. Rabbi Neḥemya says: One is liable for misuse both in the case of an animal and in the case of service vessels.
מַאי טַעְמָא דְּתַנָּא קַמָּא? קָסָבַר: בְּעִנְיָינָא דִבְהֵמָה כְּתִיב, דִּכְתִיב בְּאֵיל הָאָשָׁם.
The Gemara asks: What is the reason of the first tanna in the baraita, who rules that service vessels are not susceptible to repeated misuse? The Gemara answers that he holds that the halakha of misuse is written with regard to the case of an animal. As it is written: “If anyone commits a misuse, and sins through error, in the sacred items of the Lord, then he shall bring his guilt offering to the Lord…and the priest shall make atonement for him with the ram of the guilt offering, and he shall be forgiven” (Leviticus 5:15–16). It is derived from here that the liability for repeated misuse applies only to an animal.
וְרַבִּי נְחֶמְיָה, אָמַר לָךְ: קַל וָחוֹמֶר: אִם אֲחֵרִים מֵבִיא לִקְדוּשָּׁתָן, הוּא עַצְמוֹ – לֹא כׇּל שֶׁכֵּן!
And Rabbi Neḥemya could have said to you, in response, the following a fortiori inference: If a service vessel brings other materials placed in them to their state of sanctity, thereby rendering those materials susceptible to misuse after misuse, all the more so is it not clear that the vessel itself should be susceptible to misuse after misuse.
רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: כׇּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ פִּדְיוֹן, יֵשׁ כּוּ׳. הַיְינוּ תַּנָּא קַמָּא! אָמַר רָבָא: אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ עֵצִים.
§ The mishna teaches that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: With regard to any consecrated item that is not subject to redemption, there is liability for misuse after misuse. The Gemara raises a difficulty: This opinion is the same as that of the first tanna. Why is this ruling presented as a dissenting opinion? Rava said: There is a difference between them in the case of donated wood. The first tanna maintains that wood does not have the status of an item consecrated as an offering; rather, it has the status of an item consecrated for Temple maintenance, and is therefore not subject to repeated misuse. By contrast, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi holds that wood has the status of items consecrated as an offering, which is not subject to damage and is therefore subject to repeated misuse.
דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: הָאוֹמֵר ״הֲרֵי עָלַי עֵצִים״ – לֹא יִפְחוֹת מִשְּׁנֵי גְזִירִין. רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: עֵצִים – קׇרְבָּן הֵן, וּטְעוּנִין מֶלַח, וּטְעוּנִין תְּנוּפָה.
As the Sages taught in a baraita: With regard to one who says, in the form of a vow: It is incumbent upon me to bring wood to the Temple, he must not bring fewer than two logs for the arrangement on the altar. Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: Wood is considered an offering, as it is placed upon the altar, and therefore it requires salt, and it requires waving, like a meal offering.
אָמַר רָבָא: לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי, עֵצִים טְעוּנִין עֵצִים. וְאָמַר רַב פָּפָּא: לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי, עֵצִים צְרִיכִין קְמִיצָה.
Rava says: According to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, wood donated in this manner requires more wood as an accompaniment, so that the donated sacrificial wood is sacrificed in the same manner as other donated offerings. And Rav Pappa further says: According to the statement of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi, wood donated in this manner requires the removal of a handful. Similar to the rite of a meal offering, a portion of the wood must be removed and burned first.
רַב פָּפָּא אָמַר: קׇדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ תְּמִימִין וְנַעֲשׂוּ בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין וְעָבַר וּשְׁחָטָן אִיכָּא בֵּינַיְיהוּ.
Rav Pappa said that there is another difference between the opinion of the first tanna and that of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi. If there were unblemished animals consecrated for the altar, and they became blemished and were disqualified from being sacrificed as offerings, and someone transgressed and slaughtered them before they were redeemed, in this case there is a difference between the opinion of the first tanna and that of Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi.
וְהָתַנְיָא: קׇדְשֵׁי מִזְבֵּחַ תְּמִימִין, וְנַעֲשׂוּ בַּעֲלֵי מוּמִין, וְעָבַר וּשְׁחָטָן, רַבִּי אוֹמֵר: יִקָּבְרוּ,
And indeed, it is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi and the Rabbis engage in a dispute in that case: If there were unblemished animals consecrated for the altar, and they became blemished, and someone transgressed and slaughtered them, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi says: The consecrated animals may no longer be redeemed, as it is written: “He shall stand the animal before the priest. And the priest shall value it” (Leviticus 27:11–12). A dead animal cannot be stood before the priest, and therefore the animal carcasses must be buried.
וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: יִפָּדוּ.
But the Rabbis say: The animals should be redeemed. Since Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi maintains the animals may not be redeemed, this indicates that they have inherent sanctity, and therefore they are subject to repeated misuse. By contrast, the first tanna, like the Rabbis, holds that their sanctity is a function of their value, and consequently they are not subject to repeated misuse.
מַתְנִי׳ נָטַל אֶבֶן אוֹ קוֹרָה שֶׁל הֶקְדֵּשׁ – הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא מָעַל.
MISHNA: In a case where one took for his use a consecrated stone or a beam, that person is not liable for its misuse.
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