Rabbi Yochanan said that a sukkah round like a furnace is a good sukkah as long as it has a circumference that could fit 24 people around it. The gemara struggles to understand why the circle needs to be that large. A sukkah of a craftsman – can one use it as a sukkah to fulfill one’s obligation on Sukkot using the inner one? What about the outer one? Are either or both of them obligated in mezuza? Sukkot Ganba”ch and Rakba”sh – acronyms for types of sukkot – can they be used for the holiday of Sukkot?
Sukkah 8
07.15.2021 | ו׳ באב תשפ״א
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This week’s learning is sponsored by Sara Averick in loving memory of her mother, Leah Shifrin Averick, לאה בת יהודה לייב חייקל וחיה מאשה. “She infused her many descendants with her love for Torah, Israel and the Jewish people.”
This week’s learning is sponsored by Elana and Daniel Storch in honor of their youngest daughter Arianne Yael’s engagement to Brett Aiken and for a for a refuah shleima for Ilana Malka bat Aviva Tamar and Leah Maritza bat Raizel. “We are thrilled to share besorot tovot with our Hadran Family. We pray that the chuppah will take place בשעה טובה ומוצלחת and they should be zoche to build a בית נאמן בישראל.
This week’s learning is sponsored by Ellen Cherrick in loving memory of her mother, Udy Katz Cherrick, z”l, on her 13th yahrzeit yesterday.
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This week’s learning is sponsored by Sara Averick in loving memory of her mother, Leah Shifrin Averick, לאה בת יהודה לייב חייקל וחיה מאשה. “She infused her many descendants with her love for Torah, Israel and the Jewish people.”
This week’s learning is sponsored by Elana and Daniel Storch in honor of their youngest daughter Arianne Yael’s engagement to Brett Aiken and for a for a refuah shleima for Ilana Malka bat Aviva Tamar and Leah Maritza bat Raizel. “We are thrilled to share besorot tovot with our Hadran Family. We pray that the chuppah will take place בשעה טובה ומוצלחת and they should be zoche to build a בית נאמן בישראל.
This week’s learning is sponsored by Ellen Cherrick in loving memory of her mother, Udy Katz Cherrick, z”l, on her 13th yahrzeit yesterday.
Sukkah 8
הָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּעִיגּוּלָא, אֲבָל בְּרִיבּוּעָא — בָּעֲיָא טְפֵי.
The Gemara answers: This applies only in the middle of the circle that has a circumference of twelve cubits, as the diameter of the circle is four cubits; but in order for a square inscribed within a circle to have a perimeter of sixteen cubits, the circle requires a circumference that is more than twelve cubits.
מִכְּדֵי כַּמָּה מְרוּבָּע יוֹתֵר עַל הָעִיגּוּל — רְבִיעַ, בְּשִׁיתְּסַר סַגִּי?
The Gemara asks further: Now, by how much is the perimeter of a square inscribing a circle greater than the circumference of that circle? It is greater by one quarter of the perimeter of the square. If that is the case, a circle with a circumference of sixteen cubits is sufficient. Why, then, does Rabbi Yoḥanan require a circumference of twenty-four cubits?
הָנֵי מִילֵּי בְּעִיגּוּל דְּנָפֵיק מִגּוֹ רִיבּוּעָא, אֲבָל רִיבּוּעָא דְּנָפֵיק מִגּוֹ עִגּוּלָא — בָּעֵינַן טְפֵי, מִשּׁוּם מוּרְשָׁא דְקַרְנָתָא.
The Gemara answers: This statement with regard to the ratio of the perimeter of a square to the circumference of a circle applies to a circle inscribed in a square, but in the case of a square circumscribed by a circle, the circle requires a greater circumference due to the projection of the corners of the square. In order to ensure that a square whose sides are four cubits each fits neatly into a circle, the circumference of the circle must be greater than sixteen cubits.
מִכְּדֵי כׇּל אַמְּתָא בְּרִיבּוּעָא אַמְּתָא וּתְרֵי חוּמְשֵׁי בַּאֲלַכְסוֹנָא, בְּשִׁיבְסַר נְכֵי חוּמְשָׁא סַגִּיא? לָא דָּק.
The Gemara calculates precisely how much greater the circumference must be in order to circumscribe the four-by-four-cubit square. Now, in every square whose sides each measure one cubit its diagonal measures one and two-fifths cubits, and in a circle that circumscribes a square, the diagonal of the square is the diameter of the circle. In this case, the circumscribed square measures four by four cubits; therefore, the diagonal of the square, which is the diameter of the circle, measures five and three-fifths cubits. Since the Gemara calculates the circumference of the circle as three times its diameter, a circular sukka with a circumference of seventeen cubits minus one-fifth of a cubit should be sufficient. The Gemara answers: Rabbi Yoḥanan was not precise and rounded the dimensions of the circular sukka to a number higher than the absolute minimum.
אֵימוֹר דְּאָמְרִינַן לָא דָּק פּוּרְתָּא, טוּבָא מִי אָמְרִינַן לָא דָּק?
The Gemara wonders: Say that we say that the Sage was not precise when the difference between the number cited and the precise number is slight; however, when the difference is great, do we say the Sage was not precise? After all, Rabbi Yoḥanan stated that the minimum measure is twenty-four cubits, a difference of more than seven cubits.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ מָר קַשִּׁישָׁא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב חִסְדָּא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: מִי סָבְרַתְּ גַּבְרָא בְּאַמְּתָא יָתֵיב, תְּלָתָא גַּבְרֵי בְּתַרְתֵּי אַמְּתָא יָתְבִי. כַּמָּה הָווּ לְהוּ — שִׁיתְּסַר, אֲנַן שִׁיבְסַר נְכֵי חוּמְשָׁא בָּעֵינַן! לָא דָּק.
Mar Keshisha, i.e., the elder, son of Rav Ḥisda, said to Rav Ashi: Do you hold that when a man sits, he sits and occupies one cubit, and consequently a sukka that seats twenty-four people must have a circumference of twenty-four cubits? In fact, three people sit and occupy two cubits. The Gemara asks: How many cubits are there in the sukka required by Rabbi Yoḥanan? There are sixteen cubits. But we require a sukka with a circumference of seventeen cubits minus one-fifth, as calculated above. The Gemara answers: He was not precise and rounded the figure down to the lower whole number; actually, the required circumference is four-fifths of a cubit larger.
אֵימוֹר דְּאָמְרִינַן לָא דָּק לְחוּמְרָא, לְקוּלָּא מִי אָמְרִינַן לָא דָּק?
The Gemara rejects this explanation: Say that we say that the Sage was not precise when the result is a stringency, e.g., he required a sukka whose dimensions are greater than the minimum required dimensions; however, when the result is a leniency, do we say the Sage was not precise? In that case, the lack of precision will lead to establishing a sukka whose dimensions are smaller than the minimum requirement.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַסִּי לְרַב אָשֵׁי: לְעוֹלָם גַּבְרָא בְּאַמְּתָא יָתֵיב, וְרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן מְקוֹם גַּבְרֵי לָא קָחָשֵׁיב.
Rav Asi said to Rav Ashi: Actually, a man sits and occupies one cubit, and Rabbi Yoḥanan is not factoring the space that the men occupy in his calculation. In other words, to this point, the assumption has been that Rabbi Yoḥanan calculated the circumference of the sukka required to seat twenty-four people. Actually, he merely calculated the circumference of the inner circle formed by the twenty-four people seated.
כַּמָּה הָווּ לְהוּ — תַּמְנֵי סְרֵי, בְּשִׁיבְסַר נְכֵי חוּמְשָׁא סַגִּיא! הַיְינוּ דְּלָא דָּק וּלְחוּמְרָא לָא דָּק.
The Gemara asks: How many cubits are there in the circumference of the inner circle formed by a circle of twenty-four people? There are eighteen cubits. Based on the principle that for every three cubits of circumference there is one cubit of diameter, the diameter of a circle whose outer circumference surrounds twenty-four people is eight cubits. To calculate the circumference of the inner circle, subtract from the diameter the space occupied by two people, each sitting at one end of the diameter. The result is a diameter of six cubits. Based on the above principle, a circle with a diameter of six cubits will have a circumference of eighteen cubits. However, a circumference of seventeen cubits minus one-fifth of a cubit should be sufficient. The Gemara answers: This is the case where he was not precise, and in this case he is not precise when the result is a stringency, as instead of sixteen and four-fifths, Rabbi Yoḥanan required eighteen cubits.
רַבָּנַן דְּקֵיסָרִי, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ דַּיָּינֵי דְקֵיסָרִי אָמְרִי: עִיגּוּלָא דְּנָפֵיק מִגּוֹ רִיבּוּעָא — רִבְעָא,
The Sages of Caesarea, and some say that it was the judges of Caesarea, said that Rabbi Yoḥanan’s statement could be explained using a different calculation: The circumference of a circle inscribed in a square is one–quarter less than the perimeter of the square,
רִיבּוּעָא דְּנָפֵיק מִגּוֹ עִיגּוּלָא — פַּלְגָא. וְלָא הִיא, דְּהָא קָחָזֵינַן דְּלָא הָוֵי כּוּלֵּי הַאי.
while the perimeter of a square circumscribed by a circle is smaller than the circumference of that circle by half, i.e., if one adds half the perimeter of the square to the perimeter of the square, that is equal to the circumference of its circumscribing circle. Therefore, a circle with a circumference of twenty-four cubits would circumscribe a square with a perimeter of sixteen cubits, as prescribed by Rabbi Yoḥanan. The Gemara notes: And that is not the case, as we see that the circumference of the circumscribing circle is not that much. The actual circumference is closer to seventeen cubits.
אָמַר רַבִּי לֵוִי מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי מֵאִיר: שְׁתֵּי סוּכּוֹת שֶׁל יוֹצְרִים זוֹ לִפְנִים מִזּוֹ — הַפְּנִימִית אֵינָהּ סוּכָּה, וְחַיֶּיבֶת בִּמְזוּזָה. וְהַחִיצוֹנָה סוּכָּה, וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַמְּזוּזָה.
§ Rabbi Levi said in the name of Rabbi Meir: With regard to two craftsmen’s booths, one within the other, as potters would build two booths, an inner one used as living quarters and an outer one for plying their craft and selling their wares, the inner one is not fit for fulfillment of the mitzva of sukka, since the potter resides there year-round and it is not evident during the Festival that he is residing there for the sake of the mitzva of sukka. And since it a permanent residence, it is also obligated in the mitzva of mezuza. And the outer booth is fit for fulfillment of the mitzva of sukka, since he does not reside there year-round, and when he resides there during the Festival it is evident that he is doing so for the sake of the mitzva. Since it is not designated as a year-round residence, but rather serves as an entrance to his residence and a passage for merchants and merchandise, it is not considered a residence and is not obligated in the mitzva of mezuza.
וְאַמַּאי? תִּהְוֵי חִיצוֹנָה כְּבֵית שַׁעַר הַפְּנִימִית, וְתִתְחַיֵּיב בִּמְזוּזָה! מִשּׁוּם דְּלָא קְבִיעַ.
The Gemara asks: Why is the outer booth exempt from the mitzva of mezuza? Let the outer booth be considered like a gatehouse of the inner booth and therefore be obligated in the mitzva of mezuza. The Gemara answers: It is exempt because even the inner booth is not a permanent residence. It requires a mezuza because the potter resides there year-round; however, that alone does not render it a full-fledged residence that would obligate one to affix a mezuza to the outer booth as its gatehouse.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: גַּנְבַּ״ךְ: סוּכַּת גּוֹיִם, סוּכַּת נָשִׁים, סוּכַּת בְּהֵמָה, סוּכַּת כּוּתִים סוּכָּה מִכׇּל מָקוֹם — כְּשֵׁרָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא מְסוּכֶּכֶת כְּהִלְכָתָהּ.
The Sages taught: The booths represented by the mnemonic: Gimmel, nun, beit, kaf, which stands for a booth of gentiles [goyim], a booth of women [nashim], a booth of domesticated animals [behema], a booth of Samaritans [Kutim], a booth of any sort, each is fit for use as a sukka, provided it is roofed in the standard sense. None of them is disqualified due to the one who constructed it or the purpose for which it was constructed.
מַאי ״כְּהִלְכָתָהּ״? אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: וְהוּא שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ לְצֵל סוּכָּה.
The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the term: In the standard sense? Rav Ḥisda said that it means: And provided that one established the booth to provide shade of a sukka from its roofing, it may be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
״מִכׇּל מָקוֹם״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי מַאי? לְאֵתוֹיֵי: סוּכַּת רַקְבַּ״שׁ. דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: סוּכַּת רַקְבַּ״שׁ: סוּכַּת רוֹעִים, סוּכַּת קַיָּיצִים סוּכַּת בּוּרְגָּנִין סוּכַּת שׁוֹמְרֵי פֵירוֹת, סוּכָּה מִכׇּל מָקוֹם — כְּשֵׁרָה, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁתְּהֵא מְסוּכֶּכֶת כְּהִלְכָתָהּ.
The Gemara asks: What does the phrase: A booth of any sort, come to include? What other booths are included in this generalization? The Gemara answers: It comes to include the booths listed in another baraita with the mnemonic: Reish, kuf, beit, shin, as the Sages taught: The booth known by the mnemonic reish, kuf, beit, shin, which stands for the booth of shepherds [ro’im], the booth of fig driers [kayyatzim], the booth of guards of fields [burganin], the booth of the guards of produce [shomerei peirot], a booth of any sort, each is fit, provided it is roofed in the standard sense.
מַאי ״כְּהִלְכָתָהּ״? אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: וְהוּא שֶׁעֲשָׂאָהּ לְצֵל סוּכָּה.
The Gemara asks again: What is the meaning of the term: In the standard sense? Rav Ḥisda said that it means: And provided that one established the booth to provide shade of a sukka, it may be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
״מִכׇּל מָקוֹם״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי מַאי? לְאֵתוֹיֵי: סוּכַּת גַּנְבַּ״ךְ.
The Gemara asks: What does the phrase: A booth of any sort, come to include? The Gemara answers: It comes to include the booths listed in the first baraita cited above with the mnemonic gimmel, nun, beit, kaf.
הַאי תַּנָּא דְּגַנְבַּ״ךְ, אַלִּימָא לֵיהּ גַּנְבַּ״ךְ מִשּׁוּם דִּקְבִיעִי, וְקָא תָּנֵא ״מִכׇּל מָקוֹם״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי רַקְבַּ״שׁ, דְּלָא קְבִיעִי.
The Gemara explains: This tanna who taught and detailed the halakhot of booths of gimmel, nun, beit, kaf did so because the fitness of the booths of gimmel, nun, beit, kaf for use in fulfilling the mitzva of sukka is powerful and more obvious to him because they are permanent structures, even though their builders are not obligated in the mitzva. And he taught: Booths of any sort, to include the booths of reish, kuf, beit, shin, which, although they are seasonal and not permanent structures, may still be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
וְהַאי תַּנָּא דְּרַקְבַּ״שׁ, אַלִּימָא לֵיהּ רַקְבַּ״שׁ, דִּבְנֵי חִיּוּבָא נִינְהוּ, וְתָנֵא ״מִכׇּל מָקוֹם״ לְאֵתוֹיֵי גַּנְבַּ״ךְ, דְּלָאו בְּנֵי חִיּוּבָא נִינְהוּ.
And that other tanna who taught and detailed the halakhot of booths of reish, kuf, beit, shin did so because the fitness of the booths of reish, kuf, beit, shin for use in fulfilling the mitzva of sukka is powerful and more obvious to him because those who constructed the booths are obligated in the mitzva of sukka. And he taught: Booths of any sort, to include the booths of gimmel, nun, beit, kaf, which, although those who constructed them are not obligated in the mitzva, may still be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
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I started learning Talmud with R’ Haramati in Yeshivah of Flatbush. But after a respite of 60 years, Rabbanit Michelle lit my fire – after attending the last three world siyumim in Miami Beach, Meadowlands and Boca Raton, and now that I’m retired, I decided – “I can do this!” It has been an incredible journey so far, and I look forward to learning Daf everyday – Mazal Tov to everyone!
Roslyn Jaffe
Florida, United States
In January 2020, my chevruta suggested that we “up our game. Let’s do Daf Yomi” – and she sent me the Hadran link. I lost my job (and went freelance), there was a pandemic, and I am still opening the podcast with my breakfast coffee, or after Shabbat with popcorn. My Aramaic is improving. I will need a new bookcase, though.
Rhondda May
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
I tried Daf Yomi in the middle of the last cycle after realizing I could listen to Michelle’s shiurim online. It lasted all of 2 days! Then the new cycle started just days before my father’s first yahrzeit and my youngest daughter’s bat mitzvah. It seemed the right time for a new beginning. My family, friends, colleagues are immensely supportive!
Catriella Freedman
Zichron Yaakov, Israel
About a year into learning more about Judaism on a path to potential conversion, I saw an article about the upcoming Siyum HaShas in January of 2020. My curiosity was piqued and I immediately started investigating what learning the Daf actually meant. Daily learning? Just what I wanted. Seven and a half years? I love a challenge! So I dove in head first and I’ve enjoyed every moment!!
Nickie Matthews
Blacksburg, United States
With Rabbanit Dr. Naomi Cohen in the Women’s Talmud class, over 30 years ago. It was a “known” class and it was accepted, because of who taught. Since then I have also studied with Avigail Gross-Gelman and Dr. Gabriel Hazut for about a year). Years ago, in a shiur in my shul, I did know about Persians doing 3 things with their clothes on. They opened the shiur to woman after that!
Sharon Mink
Haifa, Israel
Inspired by Hadran’s first Siyum ha Shas L’Nashim two years ago, I began daf yomi right after for the next cycle. As to this extraordinary journey together with Hadran..as TS Eliot wrote “We must not cease from exploration and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we began and to know the place for the first time.
Susan Handelman
Jerusalem, Israel
I began my Daf Yomi journey on January 5, 2020. I had never learned Talmud before. Initially it struck me as a bunch of inane and arcane details with mind bending logic. I am now smitten. Rabbanit Farber brings the page to life and I am eager to learn with her every day!
Lori Stark
Highland Park, United States
I started learning at the start of this cycle, and quickly fell in love. It has become such an important part of my day, enriching every part of my life.
Naomi Niederhoffer
Toronto, Canada
Sukkah 8
ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΌΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’ΦΈΧ β ΧΦΌΦΈΧ’Φ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ€Φ΅Χ.
The Gemara answers: This applies only in the middle of the circle that has a circumference of twelve cubits, as the diameter of the circle is four cubits; but in order for a square inscribed within a circle to have a perimeter of sixteen cubits, the circle requires a circumference that is more than twelve cubits.
ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ’ ΧΧΦΉΧͺΦ΅Χ¨ Χ’Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ’Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ β Χ¨Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ’Φ·, ΧΦΌΦ°Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦΌΦ°Χ‘Φ·Χ¨ Χ‘Φ·ΧΦΌΦ΄Χ?
The Gemara asks further: Now, by how much is the perimeter of a square inscribing a circle greater than the circumference of that circle? It is greater by one quarter of the perimeter of the square. If that is the case, a circle with a circumference of sixteen cubits is sufficient. Why, then, does Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan require a circumference of twenty-four cubits?
ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΌΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ ΦΈΧ€Φ΅ΧΧ§ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΉ Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ ΦΈΧ€Φ΅ΧΧ§ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΉ Χ’Φ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦΌΦΈΧ’Φ΅ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ°Χ€Φ΅Χ, ΧΦ΄Χ©ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΌΧ¨Φ°Χ©ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ§Φ·Χ¨Φ°Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ.
The Gemara answers: This statement with regard to the ratio of the perimeter of a square to the circumference of a circle applies to a circle inscribed in a square, but in the case of a square circumscribed by a circle, the circle requires a greater circumference due to the projection of the corners of the square. In order to ensure that a square whose sides are four cubits each fits neatly into a circle, the circumference of the circle must be greater than sixteen cubits.
ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’ΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΧͺΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ©ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦ²ΧΦ·ΧΦ°Χ‘ΧΦΉΧ ΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΦ°Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ‘Φ·Χ¨ Χ Φ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ©ΧΦΈΧ Χ‘Φ·ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΧ? ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§.
The Gemara calculates precisely how much greater the circumference must be in order to circumscribe the four-by-four-cubit square. Now, in every square whose sides each measure one cubit its diagonal measures one and two-fifths cubits, and in a circle that circumscribes a square, the diagonal of the square is the diameter of the circle. In this case, the circumscribed square measures four by four cubits; therefore, the diagonal of the square, which is the diameter of the circle, measures five and three-fifths cubits. Since the Gemara calculates the circumference of the circle as three times its diameter, a circular sukka with a circumference of seventeen cubits minus one-fifth of a cubit should be sufficient. The Gemara answers: Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan was not precise and rounded the dimensions of the circular sukka to a number higher than the absolute minimum.
ΧΦ΅ΧΧΧΦΉΧ¨ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§ Χ€ΦΌΧΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧͺΦΌΦΈΧ, ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§?
The Gemara wonders: Say that we say that the Sage was not precise when the difference between the number cited and the precise number is slight; however, when the difference is great, do we say the Sage was not precise? After all, Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan stated that the minimum measure is twenty-four cubits, a difference of more than seven cubits.
ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΈΧ¨ Χ§Φ·Χ©ΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ©ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦ΄Χ‘Φ°ΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ©ΧΦ΅Χ: ΧΦ΄Χ Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧͺΦΌΦ° ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧͺΦ΅ΧΧ, ΧͺΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦ·Χ¨Φ°ΧͺΦΌΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧͺΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ. ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌ β Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦΌΦ°Χ‘Φ·Χ¨, ΧΦ²Χ Φ·Χ Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ‘Φ·Χ¨ Χ Φ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ©ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ’Φ΅ΧΧ Φ·Χ! ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§.
Mar Keshisha, i.e., the elder, son of Rav αΈ€isda, said to Rav Ashi: Do you hold that when a man sits, he sits and occupies one cubit, and consequently a sukka that seats twenty-four people must have a circumference of twenty-four cubits? In fact, three people sit and occupy two cubits. The Gemara asks: How many cubits are there in the sukka required by Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan? There are sixteen cubits. But we require a sukka with a circumference of seventeen cubits minus one-fifth, as calculated above. The Gemara answers: He was not precise and rounded the figure down to the lower whole number; actually, the required circumference is four-fifths of a cubit larger.
ΧΦ΅ΧΧΧΦΉΧ¨ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°Χ§ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§?
The Gemara rejects this explanation: Say that we say that the Sage was not precise when the result is a stringency, e.g., he required a sukka whose dimensions are greater than the minimum required dimensions; however, when the result is a leniency, do we say the Sage was not precise? In that case, the lack of precision will lead to establishing a sukka whose dimensions are smaller than the minimum requirement.
ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦ·Χ‘ΦΌΦ΄Χ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ©ΧΦ΅Χ: ΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧͺΦ΅ΧΧ, ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΦ΄Χ ΧΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ§ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧ Χ§ΦΈΧΦΈΧ©ΧΦ΅ΧΧ.
Rav Asi said to Rav Ashi: Actually, a man sits and occupies one cubit, and Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan is not factoring the space that the men occupy in his calculation. In other words, to this point, the assumption has been that Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan calculated the circumference of the sukka required to seat twenty-four people. Actually, he merely calculated the circumference of the inner circle formed by the twenty-four people seated.
ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌ β ΧͺΦΌΦ·ΧΦ°Χ Φ΅Χ Χ‘Φ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ, ΧΦΌΦ°Χ©ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ‘Φ·Χ¨ Χ Φ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ©ΧΦΈΧ Χ‘Φ·ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΧ! ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧ ΧΦΌ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§ ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦΈΧ§.
The Gemara asks: How many cubits are there in the circumference of the inner circle formed by a circle of twenty-four people? There are eighteen cubits. Based on the principle that for every three cubits of circumference there is one cubit of diameter, the diameter of a circle whose outer circumference surrounds twenty-four people is eight cubits. To calculate the circumference of the inner circle, subtract from the diameter the space occupied by two people, each sitting at one end of the diameter. The result is a diameter of six cubits. Based on the above principle, a circle with a diameter of six cubits will have a circumference of eighteen cubits. However, a circumference of seventeen cubits minus one-fifth of a cubit should be sufficient. The Gemara answers: This is the case where he was not precise, and in this case he is not precise when the result is a stringency, as instead of sixteen and four-fifths, Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan required eighteen cubits.
Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ§Φ΅ΧΧ‘ΦΈΧ¨Φ΄Χ, ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ°Χ§Φ΅ΧΧ‘ΦΈΧ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ: Χ’Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ ΦΈΧ€Φ΅ΧΧ§ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΉ Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’ΦΈΧ β Χ¨Φ΄ΧΦ°Χ’ΦΈΧ,
The Sages of Caesarea, and some say that it was the judges of Caesarea, said that Rabbi YoαΈ₯ananβs statement could be explained using a different calculation: The circumference of a circle inscribed in a square is one–quarter less than the perimeter of the square,
Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ ΦΈΧ€Φ΅ΧΧ§ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΉ Χ’Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ β Χ€ΦΌΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ. ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ, ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧ Χ§ΦΈΧΦΈΧΦ΅ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΧΧ.
while the perimeter of a square circumscribed by a circle is smaller than the circumference of that circle by half, i.e., if one adds half the perimeter of the square to the perimeter of the square, that is equal to the circumference of its circumscribing circle. Therefore, a circle with a circumference of twenty-four cubits would circumscribe a square with a perimeter of sixteen cubits, as prescribed by Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan. The Gemara notes: And that is not the case, as we see that the circumference of the circumscribing circle is not that much. The actual circumference is closer to seventeen cubits.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΅ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΄Χ©ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΅ΧΦ΄ΧΧ¨: Χ©ΧΦ°ΧͺΦΌΦ΅Χ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΉΧͺ Χ©ΧΦΆΧ ΧΧΦΉΧ¦Φ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ΄Χ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΉ β ΧΦ·Χ€ΦΌΦ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΧΧ ΦΈΧΦΌ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦΆΧΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ. ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΧΧ¦ΧΦΉΧ ΦΈΧ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΧ€Φ°ΧΧΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ.
Β§ Rabbi Levi said in the name of Rabbi Meir: With regard to two craftsmenβs booths, one within the other, as potters would build two booths, an inner one used as living quarters and an outer one for plying their craft and selling their wares, the inner one is not fit for fulfillment of the mitzva of sukka, since the potter resides there year-round and it is not evident during the Festival that he is residing there for the sake of the mitzva of sukka. And since it a permanent residence, it is also obligated in the mitzva of mezuza. And the outer booth is fit for fulfillment of the mitzva of sukka, since he does not reside there year-round, and when he resides there during the Festival it is evident that he is doing so for the sake of the mitzva. Since it is not designated as a year-round residence, but rather serves as an entrance to his residence and a passage for merchants and merchandise, it is not considered a residence and is not obligated in the mitzva of mezuza.
ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ·ΧΧ? ΧͺΦΌΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ¦ΧΦΉΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧΧͺ Χ©ΧΦ·Χ’Φ·Χ¨ ΧΦ·Χ€ΦΌΦ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ, ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΧͺΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ΅ΧΧ ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ! ΧΦ΄Χ©ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧ Χ§Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ’Φ·.
The Gemara asks: Why is the outer booth exempt from the mitzva of mezuza? Let the outer booth be considered like a gatehouse of the inner booth and therefore be obligated in the mitzva of mezuza. The Gemara answers: It is exempt because even the inner booth is not a permanent residence. It requires a mezuza because the potter resides there year-round; however, that alone does not render it a full-fledged residence that would obligate one to affix a mezuza to the outer booth as its gatehouse.
ΧͺΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧ Φ·Χ: ΧΦΌΦ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧΦ°: Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧΦ΄Χ, Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ Χ ΦΈΧ©ΧΦ΄ΧΧ, Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧΦΈΧ, Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ§ΧΦΉΧ β ΧΦΌΦ°Χ©ΧΦ΅Χ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ Χ©ΧΦΆΧͺΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ°Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΆΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧΦΌ.
The Sages taught: The booths represented by the mnemonic: Gimmel, nun, beit, kaf, which stands for a booth of gentiles [goyim], a booth of women [nashim], a booth of domesticated animals [behema], a booth of Samaritans [Kutim], a booth of any sort, each is fit for use as a sukka, provided it is roofed in the standard sense. None of them is disqualified due to the one who constructed it or the purpose for which it was constructed.
ΧΦ·ΧΧ Χ΄ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧΦΌΧ΄? ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦ΄Χ‘Φ°ΧΦΌΦΈΧ: ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ Χ©ΧΦΆΧ’Φ²Χ©ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΦ°Χ¦Φ΅Χ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ.
The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of the term: In the standard sense? Rav αΈ€isda said that it means: And provided that one established the booth to provide shade of a sukka from its roofing, it may be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
Χ΄ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ§ΧΦΉΧΧ΄ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧͺΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΧΧ? ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧͺΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ: Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ Χ¨Φ·Χ§Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧ©Χ. ΧΦΌΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧ Φ·Χ: Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ Χ¨Φ·Χ§Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧ©Χ: Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ Χ¨ΧΦΉΧ’Φ΄ΧΧ, Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ Χ§Φ·ΧΦΌΦΈΧΧ¦Φ΄ΧΧ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧΦΌΦΈΧ Φ΄ΧΧ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ Χ©ΧΧΦΉΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ Χ€Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΧΦΉΧͺ, Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ§ΧΦΉΧ β ΧΦΌΦ°Χ©ΧΦ΅Χ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ Χ©ΧΦΆΧͺΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ°Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΆΧΦΆΧͺ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧΦΌ.
The Gemara asks: What does the phrase: A booth of any sort, come to include? What other booths are included in this generalization? The Gemara answers: It comes to include the booths listed in another baraita with the mnemonic: Reish, kuf, beit, shin, as the Sages taught: The booth known by the mnemonic reish, kuf, beit, shin, which stands for the booth of shepherds [roβim], the booth of fig driers [kayyatzim], the booth of guards of fields [burganin], the booth of the guards of produce [shomerei peirot], a booth of any sort, each is fit, provided it is roofed in the standard sense.
ΧΦ·ΧΧ Χ΄ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧΦΌΧ΄? ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦ΄Χ‘Φ°ΧΦΌΦΈΧ: ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ Χ©ΧΦΆΧ’Φ²Χ©ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧΦΌ ΧΦ°Χ¦Φ΅Χ Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦΈΧ.
The Gemara asks again: What is the meaning of the term: In the standard sense? Rav αΈ€isda said that it means: And provided that one established the booth to provide shade of a sukka, it may be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
Χ΄ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ§ΧΦΉΧΧ΄ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧͺΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΧΧ? ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧͺΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ: Χ‘ΧΦΌΧΦΌΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΌΦ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧΦ°.
The Gemara asks: What does the phrase: A booth of any sort, come to include? The Gemara answers: It comes to include the booths listed in the first baraita cited above with the mnemonic gimmel, nun, beit, kaf.
ΧΦ·ΧΧ ΧͺΦΌΦ·Χ ΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧΦ°, ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΌΦ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧΦ° ΧΦ΄Χ©ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΦΌΦ΄Χ§Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ’Φ΄Χ, ΧΦ°Χ§ΦΈΧ ΧͺΦΌΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ Χ΄ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ§ΧΦΉΧΧ΄ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧͺΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ Χ¨Φ·Χ§Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧ©Χ, ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧ Χ§Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ’Φ΄Χ.
The Gemara explains: This tanna who taught and detailed the halakhot of booths of gimmel, nun, beit, kaf did so because the fitness of the booths of gimmel, nun, beit, kaf for use in fulfilling the mitzva of sukka is powerful and more obvious to him because they are permanent structures, even though their builders are not obligated in the mitzva. And he taught: Booths of any sort, to include the booths of reish, kuf, beit, shin, which, although they are seasonal and not permanent structures, may still be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΧ ΧͺΦΌΦ·Χ ΦΌΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ¨Φ·Χ§Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧ©Χ, ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·Χ§Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧ©Χ, ΧΦΌΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ Χ Φ΄ΧΧ Φ°ΧΧΦΌ, ΧΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ Χ΄ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ§ΧΦΉΧΧ΄ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧͺΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΌΦ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΌΦ·Χ΄βΧΦ°, ΧΦΌΦ°ΧΦΈΧΧ ΧΦΌΦ°Χ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ Χ Φ΄ΧΧ Φ°ΧΧΦΌ.
And that other tanna who taught and detailed the halakhot of booths of reish, kuf, beit, shin did so because the fitness of the booths of reish, kuf, beit, shin for use in fulfilling the mitzva of sukka is powerful and more obvious to him because those who constructed the booths are obligated in the mitzva of sukka. And he taught: Booths of any sort, to include the booths of gimmel, nun, beit, kaf, which, although those who constructed them are not obligated in the mitzva, may still be used to fulfill the mitzva of sukka.
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