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Bava Kamma 80

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Summary

Today’s daf is sponsored by Rozy & Larry Jaffe in loving memory of Rozy’s mother, Dita Muhlrad, Doba Faiga bat Menachem on her 8th yahrzeit. “Although she’s gone 8 years, “nana” continues to inspire us all daily by recalling her elegance, generosity, and sharp witticisms. Born on Simchat Torah, she always smiled and exuded simcha to all who knew her.”

Under what circumstances can one raise small animals in Israel? Rabban Gamliel took a more lenient approach, however, in the Tosefta there is a more stringent approach. The Tosefta also rules the one who raises many small animals and wants to repent does not need to sell them all at once. Similarly, a convert who inherits dogs and pigs can sell them over time. Similarly, one who vowed to marry a woman or buy a house does not need to marry/buy the first woman/house he finds but can take his time to find the right one. A story is told of a widow who was desperate to marry to help discipline her son and vowed to marry the first man who proposed, but when inappropriate men proposed, the rabbis permitted her to wait until an appropriate man proposed. What kind of animals can one raise in the home and why? Cats are permitted, along with others, as they eat mice and worms. However, in a contradictory story, Rav rules that cats should be killed and it is forbidden to keep them, as they are dangerous! To resolve this, they distinguish between black and white cats. Rav Papa’s sons mentioned three laws/ideas – when there is a plague of sores, people can cry out publicly in prayer on Shabbat (or perhaps it means they can declare fast days on account of it), a door that is closed, does not open very easily (understood metaphorically – how?) and one who purchases a house in Israel from a gentile can write a deed on Shabbat (by asking a gentile to write it for them). The Gemara raises a contradiction on the first, brings two suggestions to understand the second, and better explains in what way the third is permitted.

Today’s daily daf tools:

Bava Kamma 80

וְהַטַּבָּח לוֹקֵחַ וְשׁוֹחֵט, לוֹקֵחַ וְשׁוֹהֶה – וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְשַׁהֶה הָעֲגוּנָה שֶׁבָּהֶן שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.

The baraita continues: And a butcher may buy small domesticated animals and slaughter them, and again buy small domesticated animals and keep them for a while, provided that he does not keep the last one of them that he bought beyond thirty days.

שָׁאֲלוּ תַּלְמִידָיו אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: מַהוּ לְגַדֵּל? אָמַר לָהֶן: מוּתָּר. וְהָתְנַן: אֵין מְגַדְּלִין!

His students asked Rabban Gamliel: What is the halakha with regard to raising small domesticated animals in Eretz Yisrael? Rabban Gamliel said to them: It is permitted. The Gemara interrupts its citation of the baraita to pose a question: How could Rabban Gamliel say this? But didn’t we learn in the mishna: One may not raise small domesticated animals in Eretz Yisrael?

אֶלָּא הָכִי קָא בָּעוּ מִינֵּיהּ: מַהוּ לְשַׁהוֹת? אָמַר לָהֶן: מוּתָּר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תֵּצֵא וְתִרְעֶה בָּעֵדֶר; אֶלָּא קוֹשְׁרָהּ בְּכַרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה.

Rather, the text of the baraita must be emended, and they actually raised this dilemma before him: What is the halakha with regard to keeping them for a while? The Gemara resumes the quotation of the baraita: Rabban Gamliel said to them: It is permitted, provided that the animal does not go out and graze among the flock. Rather, one should tie it to the legs of the bed in his house.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּחָסִיד אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה גּוֹנֵחַ מִלִּבּוֹ, וְשָׁאֲלוּ לָרוֹפְאִים, וְאָמְרוּ: אֵין לוֹ תַּקָּנָה עַד שֶׁיִּנַק חָלָב רוֹתֵחַ מִשַּׁחֲרִית לְשַׁחֲרִית. וְהֵבִיאוּ לוֹ עֵז וְקָשְׁרוּ לוֹ בְּכַרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה, וְהָיָה יוֹנֵק מִמֶּנָּה מִשַּׁחֲרִית לְשַׁחֲרִית.

The Sages taught in a baraita: There was an incident involving a certain pious man who was groaning, i.e., suffering, due to a pain in his heart. Those caring for the man asked the physicians what to do for him, and they said: There is no other remedy for him but that he should suckle warm milk every morning. And they brought him a she-goat and tied it to the leg of the bed for him, and he would suckle milk from it every morning.

לְיָמִים נִכְנְסוּ חֲבֵירָיו לְבַקְּרוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאוּ אוֹתָהּ הָעֵז קְשׁוּרָה בְּכַרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה – חָזְרוּ לַאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם, וְאָמְרוּ: לִסְטִים מְזוּיָּין בְּבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְאָנוּ נִכְנָסִין אֶצְלוֹ?!

Days later, his friends came in to visit him. When they saw that she-goat tied to the legs of the bed, they turned back, saying: There is an armed bandit in this man’s house, and we are going in to visit him? They referred to the goat in this manner because small animals habitually graze on the vegetation of others, thereby stealing their crops.

יָשְׁבוּ וּבָדְקוּ, וְלֹא מָצְאוּ בּוֹ אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ עָוֹן שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעֵז. וְאַף הוּא בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָתוֹ אָמַר: יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁאֵין בִּי עָוֹן אֶלָּא עֲוֹן אוֹתָהּ הָעֵז, שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי עַל דִּבְרֵי חֲבֵרַי.

His friends sat down and investigated this pious man’s behavior, and they could not find any sin attributable to him except that sin of keeping that she-goat in his house. That man himself also said at the time of his death: I know for a fact that I have no sin attributable to me except the sin of keeping that she-goat in my house, as I transgressed the statement of my colleagues, the Sages.

אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: מִבַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים שֶׁבַּגָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן הָיוּ בֵּית אַבָּא; וּמִפְּנֵי מָה חָרְבוּ? שֶׁהָיוּ מַרְעִין בָּחוֹרָשִׁין, וְדָנִין דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת בְּיָחִיד. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶם חוֹרָשִׁים סָמוּךְ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, שָׂדֶה קְטַנָּה הָיְתָה וּמַעֲבִירִין דֶּרֶךְ עָלֶיהָ.

Rabbi Yishmael said: The members of my father’s family were among the wealthy property holders in the upper Galilee. And for what reason were they destroyed? It was due to the fact that they would graze flocks in the forests, and also because they would judge cases of monetary law by means of a single judge. And even though there were forests close to their houses, and therefore there should have been no problem for them to take their animals to graze in these forests, there was a small, private field and they would convey the animals on a path through it.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: רוֹעֶה שֶׁעָשָׂה תְּשׁוּבָה – אֵין מְחַיְּיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִמְכּוֹר מִיָּד, אֶלָּא מוֹכֵר עַל יָד עַל יָד. וְכֵן גֵּר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ כְּלָבִים וַחֲזִירִים בִּירוּשָּׁתוֹ – אֵין מְחַיְּיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִמְכּוֹר מִיָּד, אֶלָּא מוֹכֵר עַל יָד עַל יָד.

§ The Sages taught in a baraita: If there is a shepherd of small domesticated animals who repented, the court does not obligate him to sell all his animals immediately. Rather, he may sell them gradually. And likewise, in the case of a convert who came into possession of dogs and pigs (see 83a) as part of his inheritance, the court does not obligate him to sell all of them immediately. Rather, he may sell them gradually.

וְכֵן מִי שֶׁנָּדַר לִיקַּח בַּיִת וְלִיקַּח אִשָּׁה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל – אֵין מְחַיְּיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִיקַּח מִיָּד, עַד שֶׁיִּמְצָא אֶת הַהוֹגֶנֶת לוֹ.

And similarly, with regard to one who vowed to purchase a house or to marry a woman in Eretz Yisrael, the court does not obligate him to acquire the first house or marry the first woman he sees immediately upon his arrival in Eretz Yisrael. Instead, he may wait until he finds the house or wife appropriate for him.

וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְּאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁהָיָה בְּנָהּ מֵיצֵר לָהּ, וְקָפְצָה וְנִשְׁבְּעָה: ״כׇּל מִי שֶׁיָּבֹא, אֵינִי מַחְזִירָתוֹ״, וְקָפְצוּ עָלֶיהָ בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁאֵינָן מְהוּגָּנִין. וּכְשֶׁבָּא הַדָּבָר אֵצֶל חֲכָמִים, אָמְרוּ: לֹא נִתְכַּוְּונָה זוֹ אֶלָּא לְהָגוּן לָהּ.

And there was an incident involving a certain unmarried woman who had a son who was distressing her, and she jumped up and took an oath impulsively: Any man who comes to marry me and will discipline my son, I will not turn him away. And unworthy men jumped at the opportunity to marry her. And when the matter came before the Sages, they said: She need not marry one of these men, as this woman’s intention in her oath was certainly to marry only a man who is appropriate for her.

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאָמְרוּ אֵין מְגַדְּלִין בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה, כָּךְ אָמְרוּ אֵין מְגַדְּלִין חַיָּה דַּקָּה. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: מְגַדְּלִין כְּלָבִים כּוּפְרִין, וַחֲתוּלִים, וְקוֹפִין, וְחוּלְדּוֹת סְנָאִים – מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשׂוּיִים לְנַקֵּר אֶת הַבַּיִת.

The baraita continues: Just as the Sages said that one may not raise small domesticated animals, i.e., sheep and goats, so too they said that one may not raise small undomesticated animals. Rabbi Yishmael says: One may raise village dogs, cats, monkeys, and genets, because they serve to clean the house of mice and other vermin.

מַאי חוּלְדּוֹת סְנָאִים? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: שִׁרְצָא חַרְצָא. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: חַרְזָא – דְּקַטִּינֵי שָׁקַיהּ, וְרָעֲיָא בֵּינֵי וַורְדִּינֵי. וּמַאי שִׁרְצָא? דְּמִתַּתִּאי שָׁקַיהּ.

The Gemara asks: What are these genets? Rav Yehuda said: These are known in Aramaic as shartza ḥartza. And there are those who say that in Aramaic this animal is called ḥarza. This creature has short thighs and it grazes among the thorn bushes. And what is the reason that they are called shartza, a term that generally refers to creeping creatures that slither [shoretz] rather than walk? It is because its thighs are so short that it appears to slither instead of walking on legs.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: עָשִׂינוּ עַצְמֵנוּ בְּבָבֶל כְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִבְהֵמָה דַּקָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה לְרַב הוּנָא: דִּידָךְ מַאי?

§ Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: We in Babylonia have rendered ourselves like the residents of Eretz Yisrael with regard to the prohibition of the Sages against raising small domesticated animals. Rav Adda bar Ahava said to Rav Huna: What of your sheep and goats? How can you raise these animals in Babylonia?

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דִּידַן קָא מְינַטְּרָא לְהוּ חוּבָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: חוּבָּה תִּקְבְּרִינְהוּ לִבְנַהּ. כּוּלְּהוּ שְׁנֵיהּ דְּרַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה לָא אִקַּיַּים זַרְעָא לְרַב הוּנָא מֵחוּבָּה. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: עָשִׂינוּ עַצְמֵנוּ בְּבָבֶל כְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִבְהֵמָה דַּקָּה, מִכִּי אֲתָא רַב לְבָבֶל.

Rav Huna said to him: Ḥova, my wife, watches the animals to ensure that they do not graze on land belonging to others. Rav Adda bar Ahava cursed Rav Huna and said to him: May Ḥova bury her son! In all the years of Rav Adda bar Ahava, no children of Rav Huna from Ḥova survived, due to this curse. There are those who say a different version of the above statement: Rav Huna says that Rav says: We in Babylonia rendered ourselves like those of Eretz Yisrael with regard to raising small domesticated animals, from the time when Rav came to Babylonia.

רַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל וְרַב אַסִּי אִיקְּלַעוּ לְבֵי שְׁבוּעַ הַבֵּן, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ לְבֵי יְשׁוּעַ הַבֵּן. רַב לָא עָיֵיל קַמֵּיהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל,

§ Rav and Shmuel and Rav Asi once happened to be present at a house where a celebration was being held marking the passage of a week of a newborn son, i.e., a circumcision. And some say it was a house where a celebration was being held marking the redemption of a firstborn son. Rav would not enter before Shmuel, for reasons the Gemara will explain;

שְׁמוּאֵל לָא עָיֵיל קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אַסִּי, רַב אַסִּי לָא עָיֵיל קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב. אָמְרִי: מַאן נִתָּרַח? נִתָּרַח שְׁמוּאֵל וְנֵיתֵי רַב וְרַב אַסִּי.

Shmuel would not enter before Rav Asi, as he considered Rav Asi to be greater than he; and Rav Asi would not enter before Rav, as Rav was his teacher. They said: Which of us should stay behind and let the other two come in before him? They decided: Let Shmuel stay behind, and let Rav and Rav Asi come inside in that order. Afterward, Shmuel himself would enter.

וְנִתָּרַח רַב אוֹ רַב אַסִּי! רַב – מִילְּתָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא דַּעֲבַד לֵיהּ לִשְׁמוּאֵל; מִשּׁוּם הָהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה דְּלַטְיֵיהּ, אַדְבְּרֵיהּ רַב עֲלֵיהּ.

The Gemara asks: And why didn’t they decide to let Rav or Rav Asi stay behind? The Gemara explains: It was a mere gesture that Rav performed for Shmuel in initially stating that Shmuel should precede him, as Rav did not really feel that Shmuel was superior to him. Rather, on account of that incident in which he inadvertently cursed Shmuel, Rav took upon himself to treat Shmuel with deference.

אַדְּהָכִי וְהָכִי, אֲתָא שׁוּנָרָא קַטְעֵיהּ לִידָא דְּיָנוֹקָא. נְפַק רַב וּדְרַשׁ: חָתוּל – מוּתָּר לְהוֹרְגוֹ, וְאָסוּר לְקַיְּימוֹ, וְאֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל, וְאֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם הָשֵׁב אֲבֵידָה לַבְּעָלִים.

In the meantime, while all this was going on, a cat [shunara] came and severed the hand of the baby. Rav emerged from the house and taught: With regard to a cat, it is permitted to kill it even if it is privately owned; and it is prohibited to maintain it in one’s possession; and it is not subject to the prohibition against theft if one takes it from its owner; and, in the case of a lost cat, it is not subject to the obligation of returning a lost item to its owner.

וְכֵיוָן דְּאָמְרַתְּ ״מוּתָּר לְהוֹרְגוֹ״, מַאי נִיהוּ תּוּ ״אָסוּר לְקַיְּימוֹ״? מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: מוּתָּר לְהוֹרְגוֹ, אִיסּוּרָא לֵיכָּא; קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

The Gemara asks a question with regard to Rav’s statement: And since you said that it is permitted to kill it, what is the need to state further that it is prohibited to maintain it in one’s possession? If a cat is considered such a dangerous animal that it is permitted to kill it, of course one cannot keep it in his possession. The Gemara answers: Lest you say that although Rav ruled that it is permitted to kill it, he concedes that there is no prohibition in keeping it, Rav therefore teaches us that it is also prohibited to keep it in one’s possession.

אָמְרִי: וְכֵיוָן דְּאָמְרַתְּ ״אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל״, מַאי נִיהוּ תּוּ ״אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם הָשֵׁב אֲבֵידָה לַבְּעָלִים״? אָמַר רָבִינָא: לְעוֹרוֹ.

The Sages say, further questioning Rav’s statement: And since you said that it is not subject to the prohibition against theft if one takes it from its owner, what is the need to state further that it is not subject to the obligation of returning a lost item to its owner in the case of a lost cat? If one may actively steal a cat, certainly there is no obligation to return it when found. Ravina said in response: Rav was referring to its hide.

מֵיתִיבִי, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: מְגַדְּלִין כְּלָבִים כּוּפְרִין, וַחֲתוּלִין, וְקוֹפִין, וְחוּלְדּוֹת סְנָאִים – מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשׂוּיִין לְנַקֵּר אֶת הַבַּיִת! לָא קַשְׁיָא; הָא בְּאוּכָּמָא, הָא בְּחִיוּוֹרָא.

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita against Rav’s ruling that it is prohibited to keep a cat. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: One may raise village dogs, cats, monkeys, and genets, because they serve to clean the house of mice and other vermin. The Gemara resolves the apparent contradiction: It is not difficult. This ruling in the baraita is stated with regard to a black cat, which is harmless, whereas that ruling of Rav is stated with regard to a white cat, which is dangerous.

וְהָא מַעֲשֶׂה דְּרַב – אוּכָּמָא הֲוָה! הָתָם – אוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא הֲוָה. וְהָא מִבְעָיא בָּעֵיא לֵיהּ רָבִינָא!

The Gemara raises a difficulty against this answer: But in the incident of Rav it was a black cat. Since this cat severed the baby’s hand, it was obviously a vicious, dangerous animal. The Gemara answers: There it was a black cat, but it was the offspring of a white one. The offspring of a white cat is dangerous, even if it itself is black. The Gemara further objects: But didn’t Ravina raise this very issue as a dilemma?

דְּבָעֵי רָבִינָא: אוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא, מַהוּ? כִּי קָמִבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ לְרָבִינָא – בְּאוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא בַּר אוּכָּמָא; מַעֲשֶׂה דְּרַב – בְּאוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא הֲוָה.

As Ravina raised a dilemma: What is the halakha with regard to a black cat that is the offspring of a white one? Is it also dangerous like its parent? The Gemara answers: When Ravina raised the dilemma, it was with regard to a black cat that is the offspring of a white cat that itself is the offspring of a black cat. By contrast, in the incident with Rav it was a black cat that was the offspring of a white one, which was itself the offspring of a white cat. That animal is definitely dangerous.

(חב״ד בי״ח בח״ן – סִימָן.) אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַדָּא בַּר פָּפָּא, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר פָּפָּא, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פָּפָּא:

§ The Gemara provides a mnemonic device for the distinguishing letters in the various names of the sons of Rav Pappa in the ensuing list: Ḥet beit dalet, beit yod ḥet, beit ḥet nun. Rabbi Aḥa bar Pappa says the following three statements in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Pappa, who said them in the name of Rabbi Adda bar Pappa. And some say Rabbi Abba bar Pappa says them in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Pappa, who said them in the name of Rabbi Aḥa bar Pappa. And some say Rabbi Abba bar Pappa says them in the name of Rabbi Aḥa bar Pappa, who said them in the name of Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa.

מַתְרִיעִין עַל הַחִיכּוּךְ בְּשַׁבָּת, וְדֶלֶת הַנִּנְעֶלֶת לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה תִּפָּתַח, וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ בַּיִת בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל – כּוֹתְבִין עָלָיו אוֹנוֹ אֲפִילּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת.

The three statements are as follows: The court sounds the alarm on Shabbat over a breakout of sores; and a door that is locked will not be opened quickly; and with regard to one who purchases a house in Eretz Yisrael, one writes a bill of sale for this transaction even on Shabbat.

מֵיתִיבִי: וּשְׁאָר פּוּרְעָנִיּוֹת הַמִּתְרַגְּשׁוֹת וּבָאוֹת עַל הַצִּבּוּר – כְּגוֹן חִיכּוּךְ, חָגָב, זְבוּב, צִירְעָה וְיַתּוּשׁ, וְשִׁילּוּחַ נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים – לֹא הָיוּ מַתְרִיעִין, אֶלָּא צוֹעֲקִים!

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: After explaining how the public engages in prayer when there is a drought, the baraita teaches: And with regard to all other types of calamities that break out upon the community, other than drought, such as sores, a plague of locusts, flies, hornets, or mosquitoes, or infestations of snakes or scorpions, the court would not sound the alarm on Shabbat, but the people would cry out. This indicates that it is not proper to sound the alarm on Shabbat for an epidemic of sores.

לָא קַשְׁיָא; כָּאן בְּלַח, כָּאן בְּיָבֵשׁ. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: שְׁחִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַמִּצְרִים – לַח מִבַּחוּץ וְיָבֵשׁ מִבִּפְנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיְהִי שְׁחִין אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת פּוֹרֵחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה״.

The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. Here it is referring to moist sores; whereas there it is referring to dry sores, which are more dangerous than moist ones. As Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: The boils that the Holy One, Blessed be He, brought upon the Egyptians were moist on the outside and dry on the inside, as it is stated: “And it became a boil breaking out with oozing upon man and upon beast” (Exodus 9:10). The phrase “breaking out” is referring to the exterior of the wound. Since the verse specifies that the outside was oozing with secretions, it can be inferred that the inside was dry. This indicates that the sores can be of either type.

״וְדֶלֶת הַנִּנְעֶלֶת לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה תִּפָּתַח״, מַאי הִיא? מָר זוּטְרָא אָמַר: סְמִיכָה. רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: כׇּל הַמְּרִיעִין לוֹ, לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה מְטִיבִין לוֹ. רַב אַחָא מִדִּיפְתִּי אָמַר: לְעוֹלָם אֵין מְטִיבִין לוֹ. וְלָא הִיא, רַב אַחָא מִדִּיפְתִּי מִילְּתָא דְּנַפְשֵׁיהּ הוּא דְּאָמַר.

The Gemara analyzes the second of the three statements: And a door that is locked will not be opened quickly. This is clearly a metaphor, but to what is it referring? Mar Zutra said: It is a metaphor for rabbinic ordination. If one meets with resistance in his quest to receive ordination, he should take it as a sign that this opportunity will not soon open up for him again. Rav Ashi said: It means that anyone who is treated poorly will not soon be treated well. Rav Aḥa of Difti said: He will never be treated well. The Gemara comments: But that is not so; Rav Aḥa of Difti was saying only a matter that reflected what had occurred to him.

וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ בַּיִת בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל – כּוֹתְבִין עָלָיו אוֹנוֹ אֲפִילּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. בְּשַׁבָּת סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ?!

The Gemara turns its attention to the third statement: And with regard to one who purchases a house in Eretz Yisrael, one writes a bill of sale for this transaction even on Shabbat. The Gemara asks: Can it enter your mind that one may write this bill of sale on Shabbat? Writing on Shabbat is a prohibited labor for which one is liable to receive the death penalty.

אֶלָּא כִּדְאָמַר רָבָא הָתָם: אוֹמֵר לְגוֹי וְעוֹשֶׂה; הָכִי נָמֵי, אוֹמֵר לְגוֹי וְעוֹשֶׂה. וְאַף עַל גַּב דַּאֲמִירָה לְגוֹי שְׁבוּת הִיא, מִשּׁוּם יִשּׁוּב אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לָא גְּזַרוּ בֵּיהּ רַבָּנַן.

The Gemara explains: Rather, this is as Rava said there, with regard to a similar issue, that one tells a gentile to do it, and he does so. Here, too, it is referring to a situation where he tells a gentile to write a bill of sale for the house, and he does it. And even though telling a gentile to perform an action that is prohibited for a Jew on Shabbat is generally a violation of a rabbinic decree, as the Sages prohibited telling a gentile to perform prohibited labor on behalf of a Jew on Shabbat, here the Sages did not impose this decree, due to the mitzva of settling Eretz Yisrael.

אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן: הַלּוֹקֵחַ עִיר בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לִיקַּח לָהּ דֶּרֶךְ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ, מִשּׁוּם יִשּׁוּב אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says that Rabbi Yonatan says: With regard to one who purchases a city in Eretz Yisrael, the court forces him to purchase a path to the city from all four of its sides, due to the importance of settling Eretz Yisrael.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן, עֲשָׂרָה תְּנָאִין הִתְנָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ:

§ The Sages taught in a baraita: Joshua stipulated ten conditions when he apportioned Eretz Yisrael among the tribes:

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I had tried to start after being inspired by the hadran siyum, but did not manage to stick to it. However, just before masechet taanit, our rav wrote a message to the shul WhatsApp encouraging people to start with masechet taanit, so I did! And this time, I’m hooked! I listen to the shiur every day , and am also trying to improve my skills.

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Laura Major

Yad Binyamin, Israel

In my Shana bet at Migdal Oz I attended the Hadran siyum hash”as. Witnessing so many women so passionate about their Torah learning and connection to God, I knew I had to begin with the coming cycle. My wedding (June 24) was two weeks before the siyum of mesechet yoma so I went a little ahead and was able to make a speech and siyum at my kiseh kallah on my wedding day!

Sharona Guggenheim Plumb
Sharona Guggenheim Plumb

Givat Shmuel, Israel

I was exposed to Talmud in high school, but I was truly inspired after my daughter and I decided to attend the Women’s Siyum Shas in 2020. We knew that this was a historic moment. We were blown away, overcome with emotion at the euphoria of the revolution. Right then, I knew I would continue. My commitment deepened with the every-morning Virtual Beit Midrash on Zoom with R. Michelle.

Adina Hagege
Adina Hagege

Zichron Yaakov, Israel

I attended the Siyum so that I could tell my granddaughter that I had been there. Then I decided to listen on Spotify and after the siyum of Brachot, Covid and zoom began. It gave structure to my day. I learn with people from all over the world who are now my friends – yet most of us have never met. I can’t imagine life without it. Thank you Rabbanit Michelle.

Emma Rinberg
Emma Rinberg

Raanana, Israel

I started at the beginning of this cycle. No 1 reason, but here’s 5.
In 2019 I read about the upcoming siyum hashas.
There was a sermon at shul about how anyone can learn Talmud.
Talmud references come up when I am studying. I wanted to know more.
Yentl was on telly. Not a great movie but it’s about studying Talmud.
I went to the Hadran website: A new cycle is starting. I’m gonna do this

Denise Neapolitan
Denise Neapolitan

Cambridge, United Kingdom

I started learning daf in January, 2020, being inspired by watching the Siyyum Hashas in Binyanei Haumah. I wasn’t sure I would be able to keep up with the task. When I went to school, Gemara was not an option. Fast forward to March, 2022, and each day starts with the daf. The challenge is now learning the intricacies of delving into the actual learning. Hadran community, thank you!

Rochel Cheifetz
Rochel Cheifetz

Riverdale, NY, United States

Attending the Siyyum in Jerusalem 26 months ago inspired me to become part of this community of learners. So many aspects of Jewish life have been illuminated by what we have learned in Seder Moed. My day is not complete without daf Yomi. I am so grateful to Rabbanit Michelle and the Hadran Community.

Nancy Kolodny
Nancy Kolodny

Newton, United States

I started learning Daf Yomi because my sister, Ruth Leah Kahan, attended Michelle’s class in person and suggested I listen remotely. She always sat near Michelle and spoke up during class so that I could hear her voice. Our mom had just died unexpectedly and it made me feel connected to hear Ruth Leah’s voice, and now to know we are both listening to the same thing daily, continents apart.
Jessica Shklar
Jessica Shklar

Philadelphia, United States

I began daf yomi in January 2020 with Brachot. I had made aliya 6 months before, and one of my post-aliya goals was to complete a full cycle. As a life-long Tanach teacher, I wanted to swim from one side of the Yam shel Torah to the other. Daf yomi was also my sanity through COVID. It was the way to marking the progression of time, and feel that I could grow and accomplish while time stopped.

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Leah Herzog

Givat Zev, Israel

I began my journey with Rabbanit Michelle more than five years ago. My friend came up with a great idea for about 15 of us to learn the daf and one of us would summarize weekly what we learned.
It was fun but after 2-3 months people began to leave. I have continued. Since the cycle began Again I have joined the Teaneck women.. I find it most rewarding in so many ways. Thank you

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Dena Heller

New Jersey, United States

I had never heard of Daf Yomi and after reading the book, The Weight of Ink, I explored more about it. I discovered that it was only 6 months before a whole new cycle started and I was determined to give it a try. I tried to get a friend to join me on the journey but after the first few weeks they all dropped it. I haven’t missed a day of reading and of listening to the podcast.

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Anne Rubin

Elkins Park, United States

3 years ago, I joined Rabbanit Michelle to organize the unprecedented Siyum HaShas event in Jerusalem for thousands of women. The whole experience was so inspiring that I decided then to start learning the daf and see how I would go…. and I’m still at it. I often listen to the Daf on my bike in mornings, surrounded by both the external & the internal beauty of Eretz Yisrael & Am Yisrael!

Lisa Kolodny
Lisa Kolodny

Raanana, Israel

I tried Daf Yomi in the middle of the last cycle after realizing I could listen to Michelle’s shiurim online. It lasted all of 2 days! Then the new cycle started just days before my father’s first yahrzeit and my youngest daughter’s bat mitzvah. It seemed the right time for a new beginning. My family, friends, colleagues are immensely supportive!

Catriella-Freedman-jpeg
Catriella Freedman

Zichron Yaakov, Israel

Shortly after the death of my father, David Malik z”l, I made the commitment to Daf Yomi. While riding to Ben Gurion airport in January, Siyum HaShas was playing on the radio; that was the nudge I needed to get started. The “everyday-ness” of the Daf has been a meaningful spiritual practice, especial after COVID began & I was temporarily unable to say Kaddish at daily in-person minyanim.

Lisa S. Malik
Lisa S. Malik

Wynnewood, United States

It’s hard to believe it has been over two years. Daf yomi has changed my life in so many ways and has been sustaining during this global sea change. Each day means learning something new, digging a little deeper, adding another lens, seeing worlds with new eyes. Daf has also fostered new friendships and deepened childhood connections, as long time friends have unexpectedly become havruta.

Joanna Rom
Joanna Rom

Northwest Washington, United States

I attended the Siyum so that I could tell my granddaughter that I had been there. Then I decided to listen on Spotify and after the siyum of Brachot, Covid and zoom began. It gave structure to my day. I learn with people from all over the world who are now my friends – yet most of us have never met. I can’t imagine life without it. Thank you Rabbanit Michelle.

Emma Rinberg
Emma Rinberg

Raanana, Israel

I heard about the syium in January 2020 & I was excited to start learning then the pandemic started. Learning Daf became something to focus on but also something stressful. As the world changed around me & my family I had to adjust my expectations for myself & the world. Daf Yomi & the Hadran podcast has been something I look forward to every day. It gives me a moment of centering & Judaism daily.

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Talia Haykin

Denver, United States

I learned Talmud as a student in Yeshivat Ramaz and felt at the time that Talmud wasn’t for me. After reading Ilana Kurshan’s book I was intrigued and after watching the great siyum in Yerushalayim it ignited the spark to begin this journey. It has been a transformative life experience for me as a wife, mother, Savta and member of Klal Yisrael.
Elana Storch
Elana Storch

Phoenix, Arizona, United States

I started learning when my brother sent me the news clip of the celebration of the last Daf Yomi cycle. I was so floored to see so many women celebrating that I wanted to be a part of it. It has been an enriching experience studying a text in a language I don’t speak, using background knowledge that I don’t have. It is stretching my learning in unexpected ways, bringing me joy and satisfaction.

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Jodi Gladstone

Warwick, Rhode Island, United States

I began Daf Yomi with the last cycle. I was inspired by the Hadran Siyum in Yerushalayim to continue with this cycle. I have learned Daf Yomi with Rabanit Michelle in over 25 countries on 6 continents ( missing Australia)

Barbara-Goldschlag
Barbara Goldschlag

Silver Spring, MD, United States

Bava Kamma 80

וְהַטַּבָּח לוֹקֵחַ וְשׁוֹחֵט, לוֹקֵחַ וְשׁוֹהֶה – וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יְשַׁהֶה הָעֲגוּנָה שֶׁבָּהֶן שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם.

The baraita continues: And a butcher may buy small domesticated animals and slaughter them, and again buy small domesticated animals and keep them for a while, provided that he does not keep the last one of them that he bought beyond thirty days.

שָׁאֲלוּ תַּלְמִידָיו אֶת רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל: מַהוּ לְגַדֵּל? אָמַר לָהֶן: מוּתָּר. וְהָתְנַן: אֵין מְגַדְּלִין!

His students asked Rabban Gamliel: What is the halakha with regard to raising small domesticated animals in Eretz Yisrael? Rabban Gamliel said to them: It is permitted. The Gemara interrupts its citation of the baraita to pose a question: How could Rabban Gamliel say this? But didn’t we learn in the mishna: One may not raise small domesticated animals in Eretz Yisrael?

אֶלָּא הָכִי קָא בָּעוּ מִינֵּיהּ: מַהוּ לְשַׁהוֹת? אָמַר לָהֶן: מוּתָּר, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא תֵּצֵא וְתִרְעֶה בָּעֵדֶר; אֶלָּא קוֹשְׁרָהּ בְּכַרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה.

Rather, the text of the baraita must be emended, and they actually raised this dilemma before him: What is the halakha with regard to keeping them for a while? The Gemara resumes the quotation of the baraita: Rabban Gamliel said to them: It is permitted, provided that the animal does not go out and graze among the flock. Rather, one should tie it to the legs of the bed in his house.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: מַעֲשֶׂה בְּחָסִיד אֶחָד שֶׁהָיָה גּוֹנֵחַ מִלִּבּוֹ, וְשָׁאֲלוּ לָרוֹפְאִים, וְאָמְרוּ: אֵין לוֹ תַּקָּנָה עַד שֶׁיִּנַק חָלָב רוֹתֵחַ מִשַּׁחֲרִית לְשַׁחֲרִית. וְהֵבִיאוּ לוֹ עֵז וְקָשְׁרוּ לוֹ בְּכַרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה, וְהָיָה יוֹנֵק מִמֶּנָּה מִשַּׁחֲרִית לְשַׁחֲרִית.

The Sages taught in a baraita: There was an incident involving a certain pious man who was groaning, i.e., suffering, due to a pain in his heart. Those caring for the man asked the physicians what to do for him, and they said: There is no other remedy for him but that he should suckle warm milk every morning. And they brought him a she-goat and tied it to the leg of the bed for him, and he would suckle milk from it every morning.

לְיָמִים נִכְנְסוּ חֲבֵירָיו לְבַקְּרוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאוּ אוֹתָהּ הָעֵז קְשׁוּרָה בְּכַרְעֵי הַמִּטָּה – חָזְרוּ לַאֲחוֹרֵיהֶם, וְאָמְרוּ: לִסְטִים מְזוּיָּין בְּבֵיתוֹ שֶׁל זֶה, וְאָנוּ נִכְנָסִין אֶצְלוֹ?!

Days later, his friends came in to visit him. When they saw that she-goat tied to the legs of the bed, they turned back, saying: There is an armed bandit in this man’s house, and we are going in to visit him? They referred to the goat in this manner because small animals habitually graze on the vegetation of others, thereby stealing their crops.

יָשְׁבוּ וּבָדְקוּ, וְלֹא מָצְאוּ בּוֹ אֶלָּא אוֹתוֹ עָוֹן שֶׁל אוֹתָהּ הָעֵז. וְאַף הוּא בִּשְׁעַת מִיתָתוֹ אָמַר: יוֹדֵעַ אֲנִי שֶׁאֵין בִּי עָוֹן אֶלָּא עֲוֹן אוֹתָהּ הָעֵז, שֶׁעָבַרְתִּי עַל דִּבְרֵי חֲבֵרַי.

His friends sat down and investigated this pious man’s behavior, and they could not find any sin attributable to him except that sin of keeping that she-goat in his house. That man himself also said at the time of his death: I know for a fact that I have no sin attributable to me except the sin of keeping that she-goat in my house, as I transgressed the statement of my colleagues, the Sages.

אָמַר רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל: מִבַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים שֶׁבַּגָּלִיל הָעֶלְיוֹן הָיוּ בֵּית אַבָּא; וּמִפְּנֵי מָה חָרְבוּ? שֶׁהָיוּ מַרְעִין בָּחוֹרָשִׁין, וְדָנִין דִּינֵי מָמוֹנוֹת בְּיָחִיד. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהָיוּ לָהֶם חוֹרָשִׁים סָמוּךְ לְבָתֵּיהֶם, שָׂדֶה קְטַנָּה הָיְתָה וּמַעֲבִירִין דֶּרֶךְ עָלֶיהָ.

Rabbi Yishmael said: The members of my father’s family were among the wealthy property holders in the upper Galilee. And for what reason were they destroyed? It was due to the fact that they would graze flocks in the forests, and also because they would judge cases of monetary law by means of a single judge. And even though there were forests close to their houses, and therefore there should have been no problem for them to take their animals to graze in these forests, there was a small, private field and they would convey the animals on a path through it.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: רוֹעֶה שֶׁעָשָׂה תְּשׁוּבָה – אֵין מְחַיְּיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִמְכּוֹר מִיָּד, אֶלָּא מוֹכֵר עַל יָד עַל יָד. וְכֵן גֵּר שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לוֹ כְּלָבִים וַחֲזִירִים בִּירוּשָּׁתוֹ – אֵין מְחַיְּיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִמְכּוֹר מִיָּד, אֶלָּא מוֹכֵר עַל יָד עַל יָד.

§ The Sages taught in a baraita: If there is a shepherd of small domesticated animals who repented, the court does not obligate him to sell all his animals immediately. Rather, he may sell them gradually. And likewise, in the case of a convert who came into possession of dogs and pigs (see 83a) as part of his inheritance, the court does not obligate him to sell all of them immediately. Rather, he may sell them gradually.

וְכֵן מִי שֶׁנָּדַר לִיקַּח בַּיִת וְלִיקַּח אִשָּׁה בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל – אֵין מְחַיְּיבִין אוֹתוֹ לִיקַּח מִיָּד, עַד שֶׁיִּמְצָא אֶת הַהוֹגֶנֶת לוֹ.

And similarly, with regard to one who vowed to purchase a house or to marry a woman in Eretz Yisrael, the court does not obligate him to acquire the first house or marry the first woman he sees immediately upon his arrival in Eretz Yisrael. Instead, he may wait until he finds the house or wife appropriate for him.

וּמַעֲשֶׂה בְּאִשָּׁה אַחַת שֶׁהָיָה בְּנָהּ מֵיצֵר לָהּ, וְקָפְצָה וְנִשְׁבְּעָה: ״כׇּל מִי שֶׁיָּבֹא, אֵינִי מַחְזִירָתוֹ״, וְקָפְצוּ עָלֶיהָ בְּנֵי אָדָם שֶׁאֵינָן מְהוּגָּנִין. וּכְשֶׁבָּא הַדָּבָר אֵצֶל חֲכָמִים, אָמְרוּ: לֹא נִתְכַּוְּונָה זוֹ אֶלָּא לְהָגוּן לָהּ.

And there was an incident involving a certain unmarried woman who had a son who was distressing her, and she jumped up and took an oath impulsively: Any man who comes to marry me and will discipline my son, I will not turn him away. And unworthy men jumped at the opportunity to marry her. And when the matter came before the Sages, they said: She need not marry one of these men, as this woman’s intention in her oath was certainly to marry only a man who is appropriate for her.

כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאָמְרוּ אֵין מְגַדְּלִין בְּהֵמָה דַּקָּה, כָּךְ אָמְרוּ אֵין מְגַדְּלִין חַיָּה דַּקָּה. רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר: מְגַדְּלִין כְּלָבִים כּוּפְרִין, וַחֲתוּלִים, וְקוֹפִין, וְחוּלְדּוֹת סְנָאִים – מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשׂוּיִים לְנַקֵּר אֶת הַבַּיִת.

The baraita continues: Just as the Sages said that one may not raise small domesticated animals, i.e., sheep and goats, so too they said that one may not raise small undomesticated animals. Rabbi Yishmael says: One may raise village dogs, cats, monkeys, and genets, because they serve to clean the house of mice and other vermin.

מַאי חוּלְדּוֹת סְנָאִים? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה: שִׁרְצָא חַרְצָא. וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי: חַרְזָא – דְּקַטִּינֵי שָׁקַיהּ, וְרָעֲיָא בֵּינֵי וַורְדִּינֵי. וּמַאי שִׁרְצָא? דְּמִתַּתִּאי שָׁקַיהּ.

The Gemara asks: What are these genets? Rav Yehuda said: These are known in Aramaic as shartza ḥartza. And there are those who say that in Aramaic this animal is called ḥarza. This creature has short thighs and it grazes among the thorn bushes. And what is the reason that they are called shartza, a term that generally refers to creeping creatures that slither [shoretz] rather than walk? It is because its thighs are so short that it appears to slither instead of walking on legs.

אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב: עָשִׂינוּ עַצְמֵנוּ בְּבָבֶל כְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִבְהֵמָה דַּקָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה לְרַב הוּנָא: דִּידָךְ מַאי?

§ Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: We in Babylonia have rendered ourselves like the residents of Eretz Yisrael with regard to the prohibition of the Sages against raising small domesticated animals. Rav Adda bar Ahava said to Rav Huna: What of your sheep and goats? How can you raise these animals in Babylonia?

אֲמַר לֵיהּ: דִּידַן קָא מְינַטְּרָא לְהוּ חוּבָּה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: חוּבָּה תִּקְבְּרִינְהוּ לִבְנַהּ. כּוּלְּהוּ שְׁנֵיהּ דְּרַב אַדָּא בַּר אַהֲבָה לָא אִקַּיַּים זַרְעָא לְרַב הוּנָא מֵחוּבָּה. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי, אָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: עָשִׂינוּ עַצְמֵנוּ בְּבָבֶל כְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לִבְהֵמָה דַּקָּה, מִכִּי אֲתָא רַב לְבָבֶל.

Rav Huna said to him: Ḥova, my wife, watches the animals to ensure that they do not graze on land belonging to others. Rav Adda bar Ahava cursed Rav Huna and said to him: May Ḥova bury her son! In all the years of Rav Adda bar Ahava, no children of Rav Huna from Ḥova survived, due to this curse. There are those who say a different version of the above statement: Rav Huna says that Rav says: We in Babylonia rendered ourselves like those of Eretz Yisrael with regard to raising small domesticated animals, from the time when Rav came to Babylonia.

רַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל וְרַב אַסִּי אִיקְּלַעוּ לְבֵי שְׁבוּעַ הַבֵּן, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ לְבֵי יְשׁוּעַ הַבֵּן. רַב לָא עָיֵיל קַמֵּיהּ דִּשְׁמוּאֵל,

§ Rav and Shmuel and Rav Asi once happened to be present at a house where a celebration was being held marking the passage of a week of a newborn son, i.e., a circumcision. And some say it was a house where a celebration was being held marking the redemption of a firstborn son. Rav would not enter before Shmuel, for reasons the Gemara will explain;

שְׁמוּאֵל לָא עָיֵיל קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אַסִּי, רַב אַסִּי לָא עָיֵיל קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב. אָמְרִי: מַאן נִתָּרַח? נִתָּרַח שְׁמוּאֵל וְנֵיתֵי רַב וְרַב אַסִּי.

Shmuel would not enter before Rav Asi, as he considered Rav Asi to be greater than he; and Rav Asi would not enter before Rav, as Rav was his teacher. They said: Which of us should stay behind and let the other two come in before him? They decided: Let Shmuel stay behind, and let Rav and Rav Asi come inside in that order. Afterward, Shmuel himself would enter.

וְנִתָּרַח רַב אוֹ רַב אַסִּי! רַב – מִילְּתָא בְּעָלְמָא הוּא דַּעֲבַד לֵיהּ לִשְׁמוּאֵל; מִשּׁוּם הָהוּא מַעֲשֶׂה דְּלַטְיֵיהּ, אַדְבְּרֵיהּ רַב עֲלֵיהּ.

The Gemara asks: And why didn’t they decide to let Rav or Rav Asi stay behind? The Gemara explains: It was a mere gesture that Rav performed for Shmuel in initially stating that Shmuel should precede him, as Rav did not really feel that Shmuel was superior to him. Rather, on account of that incident in which he inadvertently cursed Shmuel, Rav took upon himself to treat Shmuel with deference.

אַדְּהָכִי וְהָכִי, אֲתָא שׁוּנָרָא קַטְעֵיהּ לִידָא דְּיָנוֹקָא. נְפַק רַב וּדְרַשׁ: חָתוּל – מוּתָּר לְהוֹרְגוֹ, וְאָסוּר לְקַיְּימוֹ, וְאֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל, וְאֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם הָשֵׁב אֲבֵידָה לַבְּעָלִים.

In the meantime, while all this was going on, a cat [shunara] came and severed the hand of the baby. Rav emerged from the house and taught: With regard to a cat, it is permitted to kill it even if it is privately owned; and it is prohibited to maintain it in one’s possession; and it is not subject to the prohibition against theft if one takes it from its owner; and, in the case of a lost cat, it is not subject to the obligation of returning a lost item to its owner.

וְכֵיוָן דְּאָמְרַתְּ ״מוּתָּר לְהוֹרְגוֹ״, מַאי נִיהוּ תּוּ ״אָסוּר לְקַיְּימוֹ״? מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: מוּתָּר לְהוֹרְגוֹ, אִיסּוּרָא לֵיכָּא; קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן.

The Gemara asks a question with regard to Rav’s statement: And since you said that it is permitted to kill it, what is the need to state further that it is prohibited to maintain it in one’s possession? If a cat is considered such a dangerous animal that it is permitted to kill it, of course one cannot keep it in his possession. The Gemara answers: Lest you say that although Rav ruled that it is permitted to kill it, he concedes that there is no prohibition in keeping it, Rav therefore teaches us that it is also prohibited to keep it in one’s possession.

אָמְרִי: וְכֵיוָן דְּאָמְרַתְּ ״אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם גָּזֵל״, מַאי נִיהוּ תּוּ ״אֵין בּוֹ מִשּׁוּם הָשֵׁב אֲבֵידָה לַבְּעָלִים״? אָמַר רָבִינָא: לְעוֹרוֹ.

The Sages say, further questioning Rav’s statement: And since you said that it is not subject to the prohibition against theft if one takes it from its owner, what is the need to state further that it is not subject to the obligation of returning a lost item to its owner in the case of a lost cat? If one may actively steal a cat, certainly there is no obligation to return it when found. Ravina said in response: Rav was referring to its hide.

מֵיתִיבִי, רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: מְגַדְּלִין כְּלָבִים כּוּפְרִין, וַחֲתוּלִין, וְקוֹפִין, וְחוּלְדּוֹת סְנָאִים – מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשׂוּיִין לְנַקֵּר אֶת הַבַּיִת! לָא קַשְׁיָא; הָא בְּאוּכָּמָא, הָא בְּחִיוּוֹרָא.

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita against Rav’s ruling that it is prohibited to keep a cat. Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar says: One may raise village dogs, cats, monkeys, and genets, because they serve to clean the house of mice and other vermin. The Gemara resolves the apparent contradiction: It is not difficult. This ruling in the baraita is stated with regard to a black cat, which is harmless, whereas that ruling of Rav is stated with regard to a white cat, which is dangerous.

וְהָא מַעֲשֶׂה דְּרַב – אוּכָּמָא הֲוָה! הָתָם – אוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא הֲוָה. וְהָא מִבְעָיא בָּעֵיא לֵיהּ רָבִינָא!

The Gemara raises a difficulty against this answer: But in the incident of Rav it was a black cat. Since this cat severed the baby’s hand, it was obviously a vicious, dangerous animal. The Gemara answers: There it was a black cat, but it was the offspring of a white one. The offspring of a white cat is dangerous, even if it itself is black. The Gemara further objects: But didn’t Ravina raise this very issue as a dilemma?

דְּבָעֵי רָבִינָא: אוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא, מַהוּ? כִּי קָמִבַּעְיָא לֵיהּ לְרָבִינָא – בְּאוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא בַּר אוּכָּמָא; מַעֲשֶׂה דְּרַב – בְּאוּכָּמָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא בַּר חִיוָּרָא הֲוָה.

As Ravina raised a dilemma: What is the halakha with regard to a black cat that is the offspring of a white one? Is it also dangerous like its parent? The Gemara answers: When Ravina raised the dilemma, it was with regard to a black cat that is the offspring of a white cat that itself is the offspring of a black cat. By contrast, in the incident with Rav it was a black cat that was the offspring of a white one, which was itself the offspring of a white cat. That animal is definitely dangerous.

(חב״ד בי״ח בח״ן – סִימָן.) אָמַר רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַדָּא בַּר פָּפָּא, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר פָּפָּא, וְאָמְרִי לַהּ: אָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי אַחָא בַּר פָּפָּא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי חֲנִינָא בַּר פָּפָּא:

§ The Gemara provides a mnemonic device for the distinguishing letters in the various names of the sons of Rav Pappa in the ensuing list: Ḥet beit dalet, beit yod ḥet, beit ḥet nun. Rabbi Aḥa bar Pappa says the following three statements in the name of Rabbi Abba bar Pappa, who said them in the name of Rabbi Adda bar Pappa. And some say Rabbi Abba bar Pappa says them in the name of Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Pappa, who said them in the name of Rabbi Aḥa bar Pappa. And some say Rabbi Abba bar Pappa says them in the name of Rabbi Aḥa bar Pappa, who said them in the name of Rabbi Ḥanina bar Pappa.

מַתְרִיעִין עַל הַחִיכּוּךְ בְּשַׁבָּת, וְדֶלֶת הַנִּנְעֶלֶת לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה תִּפָּתַח, וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ בַּיִת בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל – כּוֹתְבִין עָלָיו אוֹנוֹ אֲפִילּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת.

The three statements are as follows: The court sounds the alarm on Shabbat over a breakout of sores; and a door that is locked will not be opened quickly; and with regard to one who purchases a house in Eretz Yisrael, one writes a bill of sale for this transaction even on Shabbat.

מֵיתִיבִי: וּשְׁאָר פּוּרְעָנִיּוֹת הַמִּתְרַגְּשׁוֹת וּבָאוֹת עַל הַצִּבּוּר – כְּגוֹן חִיכּוּךְ, חָגָב, זְבוּב, צִירְעָה וְיַתּוּשׁ, וְשִׁילּוּחַ נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים – לֹא הָיוּ מַתְרִיעִין, אֶלָּא צוֹעֲקִים!

The Gemara raises an objection from a baraita: After explaining how the public engages in prayer when there is a drought, the baraita teaches: And with regard to all other types of calamities that break out upon the community, other than drought, such as sores, a plague of locusts, flies, hornets, or mosquitoes, or infestations of snakes or scorpions, the court would not sound the alarm on Shabbat, but the people would cry out. This indicates that it is not proper to sound the alarm on Shabbat for an epidemic of sores.

לָא קַשְׁיָא; כָּאן בְּלַח, כָּאן בְּיָבֵשׁ. דְּאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן לֵוִי: שְׁחִין שֶׁהֵבִיא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל הַמִּצְרִים – לַח מִבַּחוּץ וְיָבֵשׁ מִבִּפְנִים, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וַיְהִי שְׁחִין אֲבַעְבֻּעֹת פּוֹרֵחַ בָּאָדָם וּבַבְּהֵמָה״.

The Gemara answers: This is not difficult. Here it is referring to moist sores; whereas there it is referring to dry sores, which are more dangerous than moist ones. As Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi says: The boils that the Holy One, Blessed be He, brought upon the Egyptians were moist on the outside and dry on the inside, as it is stated: “And it became a boil breaking out with oozing upon man and upon beast” (Exodus 9:10). The phrase “breaking out” is referring to the exterior of the wound. Since the verse specifies that the outside was oozing with secretions, it can be inferred that the inside was dry. This indicates that the sores can be of either type.

״וְדֶלֶת הַנִּנְעֶלֶת לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה תִּפָּתַח״, מַאי הִיא? מָר זוּטְרָא אָמַר: סְמִיכָה. רַב אָשֵׁי אָמַר: כׇּל הַמְּרִיעִין לוֹ, לֹא בִּמְהֵרָה מְטִיבִין לוֹ. רַב אַחָא מִדִּיפְתִּי אָמַר: לְעוֹלָם אֵין מְטִיבִין לוֹ. וְלָא הִיא, רַב אַחָא מִדִּיפְתִּי מִילְּתָא דְּנַפְשֵׁיהּ הוּא דְּאָמַר.

The Gemara analyzes the second of the three statements: And a door that is locked will not be opened quickly. This is clearly a metaphor, but to what is it referring? Mar Zutra said: It is a metaphor for rabbinic ordination. If one meets with resistance in his quest to receive ordination, he should take it as a sign that this opportunity will not soon open up for him again. Rav Ashi said: It means that anyone who is treated poorly will not soon be treated well. Rav Aḥa of Difti said: He will never be treated well. The Gemara comments: But that is not so; Rav Aḥa of Difti was saying only a matter that reflected what had occurred to him.

וְהַלּוֹקֵחַ בַּיִת בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל – כּוֹתְבִין עָלָיו אוֹנוֹ אֲפִילּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. בְּשַׁבָּת סָלְקָא דַּעְתָּךְ?!

The Gemara turns its attention to the third statement: And with regard to one who purchases a house in Eretz Yisrael, one writes a bill of sale for this transaction even on Shabbat. The Gemara asks: Can it enter your mind that one may write this bill of sale on Shabbat? Writing on Shabbat is a prohibited labor for which one is liable to receive the death penalty.

אֶלָּא כִּדְאָמַר רָבָא הָתָם: אוֹמֵר לְגוֹי וְעוֹשֶׂה; הָכִי נָמֵי, אוֹמֵר לְגוֹי וְעוֹשֶׂה. וְאַף עַל גַּב דַּאֲמִירָה לְגוֹי שְׁבוּת הִיא, מִשּׁוּם יִשּׁוּב אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל לָא גְּזַרוּ בֵּיהּ רַבָּנַן.

The Gemara explains: Rather, this is as Rava said there, with regard to a similar issue, that one tells a gentile to do it, and he does so. Here, too, it is referring to a situation where he tells a gentile to write a bill of sale for the house, and he does it. And even though telling a gentile to perform an action that is prohibited for a Jew on Shabbat is generally a violation of a rabbinic decree, as the Sages prohibited telling a gentile to perform prohibited labor on behalf of a Jew on Shabbat, here the Sages did not impose this decree, due to the mitzva of settling Eretz Yisrael.

אָמַר רַבִּי שְׁמוּאֵל בַּר נַחְמָנִי אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹנָתָן: הַלּוֹקֵחַ עִיר בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל, כּוֹפִין אוֹתוֹ לִיקַּח לָהּ דֶּרֶךְ מֵאַרְבַּע רוּחוֹתֶיהָ, מִשּׁוּם יִשּׁוּב אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani says that Rabbi Yonatan says: With regard to one who purchases a city in Eretz Yisrael, the court forces him to purchase a path to the city from all four of its sides, due to the importance of settling Eretz Yisrael.

תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן, עֲשָׂרָה תְּנָאִין הִתְנָה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ:

§ The Sages taught in a baraita: Joshua stipulated ten conditions when he apportioned Eretz Yisrael among the tribes:

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