At what age of the animal can one give the firstborn to the priest? Until what age? Can the priest work in order to receive priestly gifts as his salary? A levite or a poor person for his tithe? Can someone sell the right to give a particular priest the truma? Would it be the same for other priestly gifts? What differences are there between truma outside of Israel? Are there leniencies? In what areas?
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
English
עברית
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
Today’s daily daf tools:
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
Bekhorot 27
טוֹבַת הֲנָאָה לַבְּעָלִים.
the benefit of discretion for the owners of the produce, i.e., benefit accrued from the option of giving teruma and tithes to any priest or Levite of their choosing.
כֵּיצַד? יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָה מִכִּרְיוֹ, וּמְצָאוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֵר, וְאָמַר לוֹ: ״הֵא לְךָ סֶלַע זֶה, וּתְנֵהוּ לְבֶן בִּתִּי כֹּהֵן״ — מוּתָּר. אִם הָיָה כֹּהֵן לְכֹהֵן — אָסוּר.
The baraita continues: How so? With regard to an Israelite who separated teruma from his pile of grain, and another Israelite found him and said to him: Take this sela coin for yourself and give the teruma and tithes to my daughter’s son who is a priest, it is permitted. But if it was a priest who gave the sela coin for the right to give the teruma and tithes to another priest, it is prohibited. Priests may not pay for the gifts that they receive.
וְתַנָּא מַאי טַעְמָא לָא קָאָמַר מַתְּנוֹת כְּהוּנָּה? אָמַר לָךְ: תְּרוּמָה, דִּקְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף הִיא, דְּכֵיוָן דְּלָא מִתַּחֲלָא — לָא אָתֵי לְמִיטְעֵי בַּהּ.
The Gemara asks: And according to the tanna of this baraita, what is the reason that he does not state that the owners also have the benefit of discretion with regard to the gifts of the priesthood, i.e., the foreleg, jaw, and maw, which must be given to the priest from every non-sacred animal that one slaughters? Why does he mention teruma alone? The Gemara answers that he could have said to you: In the case of teruma, which has inherent sanctity, and which therefore cannot be redeemed, the priest will not come to err with it and treat it as though it has no sanctity, even if the owner receives payment for it.
הָנֵי, כֵּיוָן דִּקְדוּשַּׁת דָּמִים נִינְהוּ, אָתֵי לְמִיטְעֵי בְּהוֹן, דְּבַר מִיתַּחַל קְדוּשְׁתַּיְיהוּ אַאַרְבְּעָה זוּזֵי, וְאָתֵא לְמִינְהַג בְּהֹן מִנְהָג דְּחוּלִּין.
By contrast, with regard to these gifts of the priesthood, since they have sanctity that inheres in their value, which means that once the priest has received them he may sell them, the priest might come to err with them by saying that the sanctity that they have can be redeemed with four zuz, i.e., the one sela, and he might come to treat them in the manner that one treats non-sacred food. This would be a mistake, as a priest must eat his priestly gifts in a dignified manner, i.e., roasted and with seasoning (see Ḥullin 132b).
אָמַר רָבָא: תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ — אֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם כֹּהֵן הַמְסַיֵּיעַ בְּבֵית הַגְּרָנוֹת. רַב חָמָא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ לְשַׁמָּעֵיהּ.
§ On a related topic, Rava says: Teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael does not have any prohibition due to a priest assisting at the threshing floor. The Sages decreed that one must separate teruma from produce grown in certain places outside of Eretz Yisrael. Yet, the halakhot governing this teruma are not as stringent as those that apply to teruma from produce grown within Eretz Yisrael. Consequently, one may give such teruma to a priest for helping at the threshing floor. In support of this claim, the Gemara relates that Rav Ḥama gave teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael to his servant, who was a priest, as his wages.
אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ — בְּטֵילָה בְּרוֹב. רַבָּה מְבַטְּלָהּ בְּרוֹב, וְאוֹכֵל לָהּ בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתוֹ.
With regard to teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael, Shmuel says: Teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael that became mixed with non-sacred produce is nullified in a majority, unlike ordinary teruma, which requires one hundred parts of non-sacred produce to nullify it. The Gemara relates that Rabba, who was a priest, would nullify his teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael in a majority ab initio and eat it during his days of impurity. Both of these acts are prohibited in the case of teruma from produce grown in Eretz Yisrael.
רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כִּי מִתְרְמֵי לֵיהּ חַמְרָא דִּתְרוּמָה, הֲוָה רָמֵי תְּרֵי נַטְלֵי דְּחוּלִּין וַחֲדָא נַטְלָא דִּתְרוּמָה, וְשָׁקֵיל חַד. מִיכָּן וְאֵילָךְ, רָמֵי חֲדָא וְשָׁקֵיל חֲדָא.
The Gemara relates: Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, when he would happen to have wine of teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael, would pour two jugs of non-sacred wine and one jug of teruma wine into a vat in order to nullify the teruma wine, and then take out one jug’s worth of wine to drink. Having done so, from here onward every time he received more teruma wine grown outside of Eretz Yisrael, he would pour one jug of teruma wine into the same vat, which still contained two jugs’ worth of wine, and take out one jug’s worth of wine.
וְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, אוֹכֵל וְהוֹלֵךְ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַפְרִישׁ.
And Shmuel further says: Teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael does not need to be separated before one eats the produce. Rather, one may proceed to eat and afterward separate the teruma from the remainder.
וְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ אֲסוּרָה אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁהַטּוּמְאָה יוֹצְאָה עָלָיו מִגּוּפוֹ, וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי בַּאֲכִילָה, אֲבָל בִּנְגִיעָה — לֵית לַן בַּהּ.
And Shmuel also says: Teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael is prohibited only to a member of a priestly household whose impurity comes from his body, e.g., a man who experiences a seminal emission or a menstruating woman. It is not prohibited to a priest who came into contact with a corpse, an animal carcass, or the carcass of a creeping animal. And this statement, that such teruma is forbidden to one whose impurity comes from his body, applies only with regard to eating it. But with regard to touching teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael, we have no problem with it.
אָמַר רָבִינָא: הִילְכָּךְ, נִדָּה קוֹצָה חַלָּה, וְאוֹכֵל לָהּ כֹּהֵן קָטָן, וְאִי לֵיכָּא כֹּהֵן קָטָן — שָׁקְלָה לַהּ בְּרֵישׁ מַסָּא, וְשָׁדְיָא בְּתַנּוּרָא, וַהֲדַר מַפְרְשָׁא חַלָּה אַחֲרִיתִי, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֹא תִּשְׁתַּכַּח תּוֹרַת חַלָּה, וְאוֹכֵל לָהּ כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל.
Ravina says: Therefore, a menstruating woman, whose impurity comes from her body, may separate ḥalla from dough outside of Eretz Yisrael, and a minor priest, who has never experienced a seminal emission and is therefore ritually pure, may eat it. And if there is no minor priest available, she takes the ḥalla with the top of a skewer [massa] and throws it in the oven, and then separates another piece from the dough as ḥalla, not because it is necessary but so that the halakhic category of ḥalla should not be forgotten. And an adult priest may eat it, even if he is ritually impure.
רַב נַחְמָן וְרַב עַמְרָם וְרָמֵי בַּר חָמָא הֲווֹ קָאָזְלִי בְּאַרְבָּא, סְלֵיק רַב עַמְרָם לְאִפְּנוֹיֵי, אֲתַאי הָהִיא אִיתְּתָא עַלַּת קַמַּיְיהוּ, אֲמַרָה לְהוּ: טְמֵא מֵת מַהוּ שֶׁיִּטְבּוֹל וְאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן לְרָמֵי בַּר חָמָא:
The Gemara relates that Rav Naḥman, Rav Amram, and Rami bar Ḥama were traveling in a ferry. Rav Amram went to relieve himself. A certain woman came before Rav Naḥman and Rami bar Ḥama and said to them: In the case of one who is impure through contact with a corpse, what is the halakha with regard to whether he may immerse himself in a ritual bath and partake of teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael? Rav Naḥman said to Rami bar Ḥama:
וְכִי הַזָּאָה יֵשׁ לָנוּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא: לָא לֵיחוּשׁ לֵיהּ לְסָבָא. אַדְּהָכִי אֲתָא רַב עַמְרָם, אֲמַר לְהוּ: הָכִי אָמַר רַב: טְמֵא מֵת טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ.
But do we have sprinkling of the ashes of the red heifer? Since without such sprinkling one remains impure after contact with a corpse, how does it help to immerse in a ritual bath? Rami bar Ḥama said to him: Shouldn’t Rav Naḥman be concerned for the opinion of the old man, i.e., Rav Amram? Wouldn’t it be better to wait until he returns before answering? Meanwhile, Rav Amram came back. He said to them that this is what Rav says: One who became impure with impurity imparted by a corpse may immerse and partake of teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael.
וְלֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּוָותֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר מָר זוּטְרָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב שֵׁשֶׁת: טְמֵא שֶׁרֶץ טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְלֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּוָותֵיהּ.
The Gemara comments: But the halakha is not in accordance with his opinion. Mar Zutra said in the name of Rav Sheshet: One who became impure through contact with the carcass of a creeping animal may immerse in a ritual bath and partake of teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael. But the halakha is not in accordance with his opinion.
בְּכוֹר נֶאֱכָל שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה כּוּ׳. מִדְּקָאָמַר ״נוֹלַד בּוֹ מוּם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנָתוֹ״, לְמֵימְרָא דִּלְשָׁנָה דִּידֵיהּ מָנֵינַן. מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי?
§ The mishna teaches: The firstborn animal is eaten year by year, i.e., within its first year, whether it is blemished or unblemished. The Gemara comments: From the fact that the mishna says: If a blemish developed within its first year, rather than within the first year, that is to say that we count according to its year, not by the calendar year. In other words, the year is calculated from the day of the animal’s birth. From where is this matter derived?
דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״לִפְנֵי ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ תֹאכְלֶנּוּ שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה״, אֵיזוֹהִי שָׁנָה שֶׁנִּכְנֶסֶת בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ? הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר: שָׁנָה שֶׁל בְּכוֹר.
It is derived from a verse, as Rav Yehuda says that Rav says that the verse states: “You shall eat it before the Lord your God, year by year [shana beshana] in the place that the Lord shall choose, you and your household” (Deuteronomy 15:20). The phrase “shana beshana,” which can also be translated as: A year in a year, indicates that the verse is referring to one year that enters another year. Which type of year enters another year? You must say that this is speaking of the year of the firstborn animal, which enters the following calendar year, since if the animal is born in the middle of the year, its first year includes part of the subsequent calendar year.
דְּבֵי רַב תָּנָא: ״שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה״ — יוֹם אֶחָד בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ, וְיוֹם אֶחָד בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ, לִימֵּד עַל הַבְּכוֹר שֶׁנֶּאֱכָל לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד.
The school of Rav taught that there is a different halakha derived from the phrase “year by year.” This phrase indicates that it may be eaten on one day of this year and one day of that next year. The verse thereby taught with regard to an unblemished firstborn animal, which is sacrificed in the Temple, that it is eaten for two days and one night, like a peace offering.
דְּבֵי רַב, מְנָא לְהוּ? יָלְפִי מִקֳּדָשִׁים, וְקָדָשִׁים גּוּפַיְיהוּ מְנָלַן? אָמַר רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב: אָמַר קְרָא ״כֶּבֶשׂ בֶּן שְׁנָתוֹ״ — שְׁנָתוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְלֹא שָׁנָה שֶׁל מִנְיַן עוֹלָם.
The Gemara asks: From where does the school of Rav derive the halakha that a firstborn must be eaten within its own year and that its year is not calculated according to the calendar year? They derive it from the halakha of other sacrificial animals, whose age is counted from their birth rather than by the calendar year. And with regard to the other sacrificial animals themselves, from where do we derive that their age is counted from their birth? Rav Aḥa bar Yaakov says that the verse states: “And when the days of her purification are fulfilled, for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb in its first year for a burnt offering, and a pigeon or a dove for a sin offering, to the door of the Tent of Meeting, to the priest” (Leviticus 12:6). This description of the lamb is referring to its own year, and not a year of the counting of the world.
וְרַב, נֶאֱכָל לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד, מְנָא לֵיהּ? נָפְקָא לֵיהּ מֵ״וּבְשָׂרָם יִהְיֶה לָּךְ כַּחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה וּכְשׁוֹק הַיָּמִין״ — הִקִּישׁוֹ הַכָּתוּב לְחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק שֶׁל שְׁלָמִים: מָה לְהַלָּן שְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד, אַף כָּאן שְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד.
The Gemara asks: And Rav, from where does he derive that a firstborn is eaten for two days and one night? The Gemara answers: He derives it from a verse in which Moses spoke to Aaron and his sons with regard to eating the firstborn: “And their flesh shall be yours, as the breast of waving and as the right thigh, it shall be yours” (Numbers 18:18). The verse thereby juxtaposed the halakha of the firstborn with the breast and thigh of a peace offering. Just as there, it may be eaten for two days and one night, as stated explicitly in a verse (see Leviticus 7:16), so too here, a firstborn may be eaten for two days and one night.
Follow 
Today’s daily daf tools:
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
Bava Batra 34: It’s Mine! Or Using Oaths or the Court to Your Own Ends
July 29, 2024 | כ״ג בתמוז תשפ״ד
Din & Daf: Close, Yet Creative Readings- Understanding Chazal’s Halakhic Parshanut
February 20, 2025 | כ״ב בשבט תשפ״ה
Gefet: When Can the Bank Foreclose on My House? Shi’abud Karka’ot
December 18, 2024 | י״ז בכסלו תשפ״ה
Bava Metzia – 113-119 + Siyum – Daf Yomi: One Week at a Time
June 27, 2024 | כ״א בסיון תשפ״ד
Pesachim 60: Can You Bring a Korban Pesach on the Wrong Day?!
January 20, 2021 | ז׳ בשבט תשפ״א
Is a “korah” considered a sign post or a mechitza
August 17, 2020 | כ״ז באב תש״פ
Two Approaches to Yesurim shel Ahava – On Second Thought
May 23, 2024 | ט״ו באייר תשפ״ד
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
I started with Ze Kollel in Berlin, directed by Jeremy Borowitz for Hillel Deutschland. We read Masechet Megillah chapter 4 and each participant wrote his commentary on a Sugia that particularly impressed him. I wrote six poems about different Sugiot! Fascinated by the discussions on Talmud I continued to learn with Rabanit Michelle Farber and am currently taking part in the Tikun Olam course.
Yael Merlini
Berlin, Germany
After experiences over the years of asking to join gemara shiurim for men and either being refused by the maggid shiur or being the only women there, sometimes behind a mechitza, I found out about Hadran sometime during the tail end of Masechet Shabbat, I think. Life has been much better since then.
Madeline Cohen
London, United Kingdom
I began my Daf Yomi journey on January 5, 2020. I had never learned Talmud before. Initially it struck me as a bunch of inane and arcane details with mind bending logic. I am now smitten. Rabbanit Farber brings the page to life and I am eager to learn with her every day!
Lori Stark
Highland Park, United States
I’ve been wanting to do Daf Yomi for years, but always wanted to start at the beginning and not in the middle of things. When the opportunity came in 2020, I decided: “this is now the time!” I’ve been posting my journey daily on social media, tracking my progress (#DafYomi); now it’s fully integrated into my daily routines. I’ve also inspired my partner to join, too!
Joséphine Altzman
Teaneck, United States
I started learning at the beginning of this Daf Yomi cycle because I heard a lot about the previous cycle coming to an end and thought it would be a good thing to start doing. My husband had already bought several of the Koren Talmud Bavli books and they were just sitting on the shelf, not being used, so here was an opportunity to start using them and find out exactly what was in them. Loving it!
Caroline Levison
Borehamwood, United Kingdom
In January 2020, my chevruta suggested that we “up our game. Let’s do Daf Yomi” – and she sent me the Hadran link. I lost my job (and went freelance), there was a pandemic, and I am still opening the podcast with my breakfast coffee, or after Shabbat with popcorn. My Aramaic is improving. I will need a new bookcase, though.
Rhondda May
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
I decided to learn one masechet, Brachot, but quickly fell in love and never stopped! It has been great, everyone is always asking how it’s going and chering me on, and my students are always making sure I did the day’s daf.
Yafit Fishbach
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
I had no formal learning in Talmud until I began my studies in the Joint Program where in 1976 I was one of the few, if not the only, woman talmud major. It was superior training for law school and enabled me to approach my legal studies with a foundation . In 2018, I began daf yomi listening to Rabbanit MIchelle’s pod cast and my daily talmud studies are one of the highlights of my life.
Terri Krivosha
Minneapolis, United States
With Rabbanit Dr. Naomi Cohen in the Women’s Talmud class, over 30 years ago. It was a “known” class and it was accepted, because of who taught. Since then I have also studied with Avigail Gross-Gelman and Dr. Gabriel Hazut for about a year). Years ago, in a shiur in my shul, I did know about Persians doing 3 things with their clothes on. They opened the shiur to woman after that!
Sharon Mink
Haifa, Israel
After all the hype on the 2020 siyum I became inspired by a friend to begin learning as the new cycle began.with no background in studying Talmud it was a bit daunting in the beginning. my husband began at the same time so we decided to study on shabbat together. The reaction from my 3 daughters has been fantastic. They are very proud. It’s been a great challenge for my brain which is so healthy!
Stacey Goodstein Ashtamker
Modi’in, Israel
Hadran entered my life after the last Siyum Hashaas, January 2020. I was inspired and challenged simultaneously, having never thought of learning Gemara. With my family’s encouragement, I googled “daf yomi for women”. A perfecr fit!
I especially enjoy when Rabbanit Michelle connects the daf to contemporary issues to share at the shabbat table e.g: looking at the Kohen during duchaning. Toda rabba
Marsha Wasserman
Jerusalem, Israel
Jill Shames
Jerusalem, Israel
I began my journey with Rabbanit Michelle more than five years ago. My friend came up with a great idea for about 15 of us to learn the daf and one of us would summarize weekly what we learned.
It was fun but after 2-3 months people began to leave. I have continued. Since the cycle began Again I have joined the Teaneck women.. I find it most rewarding in so many ways. Thank you
Dena Heller
New Jersey, United States
When the new cycle began, I thought, If not now, when? I’d just turned 72. I feel like a tourist on a tour bus passing astonishing scenery each day. Rabbanit Michelle is my beloved tour guide. When the cycle ends, I’ll be 80. I pray that I’ll have strength and mind to continue the journey to glimpse a little more. My grandchildren think having a daf-learning savta is cool!
Wendy Dickstein
Jerusalem, Israel
While vacationing in San Diego, Rabbi Leah Herz asked if I’d be interested in being in hevruta with her to learn Daf Yomi through Hadran. Why not? I had loved learning Gemara in college in 1971 but hadn’t returned. With the onset of covid, Daf Yomi and Rabbanit Michelle centered me each day. Thank-you for helping me grow and enter this amazing world of learning.
Meryll Page
Minneapolis, MN, United States
I began Daf Yomi with the last cycle. I was inspired by the Hadran Siyum in Yerushalayim to continue with this cycle. I have learned Daf Yomi with Rabanit Michelle in over 25 countries on 6 continents ( missing Australia)
Barbara Goldschlag
Silver Spring, MD, United States
In early January of 2020, I learned about Siyyum HaShas and Daf Yomi via Tablet Magazine’s brief daily podcast about the Daf. I found it compelling and fascinating. Soon I discovered Hadran; since then I have learned the Daf daily with Rabbanit Michelle Cohen Farber. The Daf has permeated my every hour, and has transformed and magnified my place within the Jewish Universe.
Lisa Berkelhammer
San Francisco, CA , United States
Last cycle, I listened to parts of various מסכתות. When the הדרן סיום was advertised, I listened to Michelle on נידה. I knew that בע”ה with the next cycle I was in (ב”נ). As I entered the סיום (early), I saw the signs and was overcome with emotion. I was randomly seated in the front row, and I cried many times that night. My choice to learn דף יומי was affirmed. It is one of the best I have made!
Miriam Tannenbaum
אפרת, Israel
Robin Zeiger
Tel Aviv, Israel
תמיד רציתי. למדתי גמרא בבית ספר בטורונטו קנדה. עליתי ארצה ולמדתי שזה לא מקובל. הופתעתי.
יצאתי לגימלאות לפני שנתיים וזה מאפשר את המחוייבות לדף יומי.
עבורי ההתמדה בלימוד מעגן אותי בקשר שלי ליהדות. אני תמיד מחפשת ותמיד. מוצאת מקור לקשר. ללימוד חדש ומחדש. קשר עם נשים לומדות מעמיק את החוויה ומשמעותית מאוד.
Vitti Kones
מיתר, ישראל
Bekhorot 27
טוֹבַת הֲנָאָה לַבְּעָלִים.
the benefit of discretion for the owners of the produce, i.e., benefit accrued from the option of giving teruma and tithes to any priest or Levite of their choosing.
כֵּיצַד? יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָה מִכִּרְיוֹ, וּמְצָאוֹ יִשְׂרָאֵל אַחֵר, וְאָמַר לוֹ: ״הֵא לְךָ סֶלַע זֶה, וּתְנֵהוּ לְבֶן בִּתִּי כֹּהֵן״ — מוּתָּר. אִם הָיָה כֹּהֵן לְכֹהֵן — אָסוּר.
The baraita continues: How so? With regard to an Israelite who separated teruma from his pile of grain, and another Israelite found him and said to him: Take this sela coin for yourself and give the teruma and tithes to my daughter’s son who is a priest, it is permitted. But if it was a priest who gave the sela coin for the right to give the teruma and tithes to another priest, it is prohibited. Priests may not pay for the gifts that they receive.
וְתַנָּא מַאי טַעְמָא לָא קָאָמַר מַתְּנוֹת כְּהוּנָּה? אָמַר לָךְ: תְּרוּמָה, דִּקְדוּשַּׁת הַגּוּף הִיא, דְּכֵיוָן דְּלָא מִתַּחֲלָא — לָא אָתֵי לְמִיטְעֵי בַּהּ.
The Gemara asks: And according to the tanna of this baraita, what is the reason that he does not state that the owners also have the benefit of discretion with regard to the gifts of the priesthood, i.e., the foreleg, jaw, and maw, which must be given to the priest from every non-sacred animal that one slaughters? Why does he mention teruma alone? The Gemara answers that he could have said to you: In the case of teruma, which has inherent sanctity, and which therefore cannot be redeemed, the priest will not come to err with it and treat it as though it has no sanctity, even if the owner receives payment for it.
הָנֵי, כֵּיוָן דִּקְדוּשַּׁת דָּמִים נִינְהוּ, אָתֵי לְמִיטְעֵי בְּהוֹן, דְּבַר מִיתַּחַל קְדוּשְׁתַּיְיהוּ אַאַרְבְּעָה זוּזֵי, וְאָתֵא לְמִינְהַג בְּהֹן מִנְהָג דְּחוּלִּין.
By contrast, with regard to these gifts of the priesthood, since they have sanctity that inheres in their value, which means that once the priest has received them he may sell them, the priest might come to err with them by saying that the sanctity that they have can be redeemed with four zuz, i.e., the one sela, and he might come to treat them in the manner that one treats non-sacred food. This would be a mistake, as a priest must eat his priestly gifts in a dignified manner, i.e., roasted and with seasoning (see Ḥullin 132b).
אָמַר רָבָא: תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ — אֵין בָּהּ מִשּׁוּם כֹּהֵן הַמְסַיֵּיעַ בְּבֵית הַגְּרָנוֹת. רַב חָמָא יָהֵיב לֵיהּ לְשַׁמָּעֵיהּ.
§ On a related topic, Rava says: Teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael does not have any prohibition due to a priest assisting at the threshing floor. The Sages decreed that one must separate teruma from produce grown in certain places outside of Eretz Yisrael. Yet, the halakhot governing this teruma are not as stringent as those that apply to teruma from produce grown within Eretz Yisrael. Consequently, one may give such teruma to a priest for helping at the threshing floor. In support of this claim, the Gemara relates that Rav Ḥama gave teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael to his servant, who was a priest, as his wages.
אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ — בְּטֵילָה בְּרוֹב. רַבָּה מְבַטְּלָהּ בְּרוֹב, וְאוֹכֵל לָהּ בִּימֵי טוּמְאָתוֹ.
With regard to teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael, Shmuel says: Teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael that became mixed with non-sacred produce is nullified in a majority, unlike ordinary teruma, which requires one hundred parts of non-sacred produce to nullify it. The Gemara relates that Rabba, who was a priest, would nullify his teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael in a majority ab initio and eat it during his days of impurity. Both of these acts are prohibited in the case of teruma from produce grown in Eretz Yisrael.
רַב הוּנָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרַב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, כִּי מִתְרְמֵי לֵיהּ חַמְרָא דִּתְרוּמָה, הֲוָה רָמֵי תְּרֵי נַטְלֵי דְּחוּלִּין וַחֲדָא נַטְלָא דִּתְרוּמָה, וְשָׁקֵיל חַד. מִיכָּן וְאֵילָךְ, רָמֵי חֲדָא וְשָׁקֵיל חֲדָא.
The Gemara relates: Rav Huna, son of Rav Yehoshua, when he would happen to have wine of teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael, would pour two jugs of non-sacred wine and one jug of teruma wine into a vat in order to nullify the teruma wine, and then take out one jug’s worth of wine to drink. Having done so, from here onward every time he received more teruma wine grown outside of Eretz Yisrael, he would pour one jug of teruma wine into the same vat, which still contained two jugs’ worth of wine, and take out one jug’s worth of wine.
וְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, אוֹכֵל וְהוֹלֵךְ, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מַפְרִישׁ.
And Shmuel further says: Teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael does not need to be separated before one eats the produce. Rather, one may proceed to eat and afterward separate the teruma from the remainder.
וְאָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: אֵין תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ אֲסוּרָה אֶלָּא בְּמִי שֶׁהַטּוּמְאָה יוֹצְאָה עָלָיו מִגּוּפוֹ, וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי בַּאֲכִילָה, אֲבָל בִּנְגִיעָה — לֵית לַן בַּהּ.
And Shmuel also says: Teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael is prohibited only to a member of a priestly household whose impurity comes from his body, e.g., a man who experiences a seminal emission or a menstruating woman. It is not prohibited to a priest who came into contact with a corpse, an animal carcass, or the carcass of a creeping animal. And this statement, that such teruma is forbidden to one whose impurity comes from his body, applies only with regard to eating it. But with regard to touching teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael, we have no problem with it.
אָמַר רָבִינָא: הִילְכָּךְ, נִדָּה קוֹצָה חַלָּה, וְאוֹכֵל לָהּ כֹּהֵן קָטָן, וְאִי לֵיכָּא כֹּהֵן קָטָן — שָׁקְלָה לַהּ בְּרֵישׁ מַסָּא, וְשָׁדְיָא בְּתַנּוּרָא, וַהֲדַר מַפְרְשָׁא חַלָּה אַחֲרִיתִי, כִּי הֵיכִי דְּלֹא תִּשְׁתַּכַּח תּוֹרַת חַלָּה, וְאוֹכֵל לָהּ כֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל.
Ravina says: Therefore, a menstruating woman, whose impurity comes from her body, may separate ḥalla from dough outside of Eretz Yisrael, and a minor priest, who has never experienced a seminal emission and is therefore ritually pure, may eat it. And if there is no minor priest available, she takes the ḥalla with the top of a skewer [massa] and throws it in the oven, and then separates another piece from the dough as ḥalla, not because it is necessary but so that the halakhic category of ḥalla should not be forgotten. And an adult priest may eat it, even if he is ritually impure.
רַב נַחְמָן וְרַב עַמְרָם וְרָמֵי בַּר חָמָא הֲווֹ קָאָזְלִי בְּאַרְבָּא, סְלֵיק רַב עַמְרָם לְאִפְּנוֹיֵי, אֲתַאי הָהִיא אִיתְּתָא עַלַּת קַמַּיְיהוּ, אֲמַרָה לְהוּ: טְמֵא מֵת מַהוּ שֶׁיִּטְבּוֹל וְאוֹכֵל תְּרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב נַחְמָן לְרָמֵי בַּר חָמָא:
The Gemara relates that Rav Naḥman, Rav Amram, and Rami bar Ḥama were traveling in a ferry. Rav Amram went to relieve himself. A certain woman came before Rav Naḥman and Rami bar Ḥama and said to them: In the case of one who is impure through contact with a corpse, what is the halakha with regard to whether he may immerse himself in a ritual bath and partake of teruma from outside of Eretz Yisrael? Rav Naḥman said to Rami bar Ḥama:
וְכִי הַזָּאָה יֵשׁ לָנוּ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָמֵי בַּר חָמָא: לָא לֵיחוּשׁ לֵיהּ לְסָבָא. אַדְּהָכִי אֲתָא רַב עַמְרָם, אֲמַר לְהוּ: הָכִי אָמַר רַב: טְמֵא מֵת טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ.
But do we have sprinkling of the ashes of the red heifer? Since without such sprinkling one remains impure after contact with a corpse, how does it help to immerse in a ritual bath? Rami bar Ḥama said to him: Shouldn’t Rav Naḥman be concerned for the opinion of the old man, i.e., Rav Amram? Wouldn’t it be better to wait until he returns before answering? Meanwhile, Rav Amram came back. He said to them that this is what Rav says: One who became impure with impurity imparted by a corpse may immerse and partake of teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael.
וְלֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּוָותֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר מָר זוּטְרָא מִשְּׁמֵיהּ דְּרַב שֵׁשֶׁת: טְמֵא שֶׁרֶץ טוֹבֵל וְאוֹכֵל בִּתְרוּמַת חוּצָה לָאָרֶץ, וְלֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּוָותֵיהּ.
The Gemara comments: But the halakha is not in accordance with his opinion. Mar Zutra said in the name of Rav Sheshet: One who became impure through contact with the carcass of a creeping animal may immerse in a ritual bath and partake of teruma from produce grown outside of Eretz Yisrael. But the halakha is not in accordance with his opinion.
בְּכוֹר נֶאֱכָל שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה כּוּ׳. מִדְּקָאָמַר ״נוֹלַד בּוֹ מוּם בְּתוֹךְ שְׁנָתוֹ״, לְמֵימְרָא דִּלְשָׁנָה דִּידֵיהּ מָנֵינַן. מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי?
§ The mishna teaches: The firstborn animal is eaten year by year, i.e., within its first year, whether it is blemished or unblemished. The Gemara comments: From the fact that the mishna says: If a blemish developed within its first year, rather than within the first year, that is to say that we count according to its year, not by the calendar year. In other words, the year is calculated from the day of the animal’s birth. From where is this matter derived?
דְּאָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר רַב, דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״לִפְנֵי ה׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ תֹאכְלֶנּוּ שָׁנָה בְשָׁנָה״, אֵיזוֹהִי שָׁנָה שֶׁנִּכְנֶסֶת בַּחֲבֶרְתָּהּ? הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר: שָׁנָה שֶׁל בְּכוֹר.
It is derived from a verse, as Rav Yehuda says that Rav says that the verse states: “You shall eat it before the Lord your God, year by year [shana beshana] in the place that the Lord shall choose, you and your household” (Deuteronomy 15:20). The phrase “shana beshana,” which can also be translated as: A year in a year, indicates that the verse is referring to one year that enters another year. Which type of year enters another year? You must say that this is speaking of the year of the firstborn animal, which enters the following calendar year, since if the animal is born in the middle of the year, its first year includes part of the subsequent calendar year.
דְּבֵי רַב תָּנָא: ״שָׁנָה בְּשָׁנָה״ — יוֹם אֶחָד בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ, וְיוֹם אֶחָד בְּשָׁנָה זוֹ, לִימֵּד עַל הַבְּכוֹר שֶׁנֶּאֱכָל לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד.
The school of Rav taught that there is a different halakha derived from the phrase “year by year.” This phrase indicates that it may be eaten on one day of this year and one day of that next year. The verse thereby taught with regard to an unblemished firstborn animal, which is sacrificed in the Temple, that it is eaten for two days and one night, like a peace offering.
דְּבֵי רַב, מְנָא לְהוּ? יָלְפִי מִקֳּדָשִׁים, וְקָדָשִׁים גּוּפַיְיהוּ מְנָלַן? אָמַר רַב אַחָא בַּר יַעֲקֹב: אָמַר קְרָא ״כֶּבֶשׂ בֶּן שְׁנָתוֹ״ — שְׁנָתוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ, וְלֹא שָׁנָה שֶׁל מִנְיַן עוֹלָם.
The Gemara asks: From where does the school of Rav derive the halakha that a firstborn must be eaten within its own year and that its year is not calculated according to the calendar year? They derive it from the halakha of other sacrificial animals, whose age is counted from their birth rather than by the calendar year. And with regard to the other sacrificial animals themselves, from where do we derive that their age is counted from their birth? Rav Aḥa bar Yaakov says that the verse states: “And when the days of her purification are fulfilled, for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring a lamb in its first year for a burnt offering, and a pigeon or a dove for a sin offering, to the door of the Tent of Meeting, to the priest” (Leviticus 12:6). This description of the lamb is referring to its own year, and not a year of the counting of the world.
וְרַב, נֶאֱכָל לִשְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד, מְנָא לֵיהּ? נָפְקָא לֵיהּ מֵ״וּבְשָׂרָם יִהְיֶה לָּךְ כַּחֲזֵה הַתְּנוּפָה וּכְשׁוֹק הַיָּמִין״ — הִקִּישׁוֹ הַכָּתוּב לְחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק שֶׁל שְׁלָמִים: מָה לְהַלָּן שְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד, אַף כָּאן שְׁנֵי יָמִים וְלַיְלָה אֶחָד.
The Gemara asks: And Rav, from where does he derive that a firstborn is eaten for two days and one night? The Gemara answers: He derives it from a verse in which Moses spoke to Aaron and his sons with regard to eating the firstborn: “And their flesh shall be yours, as the breast of waving and as the right thigh, it shall be yours” (Numbers 18:18). The verse thereby juxtaposed the halakha of the firstborn with the breast and thigh of a peace offering. Just as there, it may be eaten for two days and one night, as stated explicitly in a verse (see Leviticus 7:16), so too here, a firstborn may be eaten for two days and one night.
Follow
