Today's Daf Yomi
January 20, 2020 | ืืดื ืืืืช ืชืฉืดืค
-
This monthโs learning is sponsored by Yad Binyamin ladies for the refuah shleima of Asher ben Devorah Fayga.
This month's learning is sponsored by Bracha Rutner in loving memory of her mother, Anna Rutner, Sarah bat Yom Tov and Rachel, on her 5th yahrzeit.
-
This month's shiurim are sponsored by Leora & Jonathan Kukin and Cynthia & Abe Steinberger in honor of Rella Feldman and Curtiss Pulitzer.
Berakhot 17
The gemara lists prayers that rabbis would add at the end of their shmone esreh or at particular moments. What is the root of the debate between the rabbis and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel regarding whether or not a groom can say shema on his wedding night? Is the issue that he not appear arrogant? If so, this seems the exact opposite of their debate regarding working on Tisha B’av. One is exempt from mitzvot on the day a close relative dies before the burial. Also those carrying the body are exempt from certain mitzvot – depending on how needed they are.
Podcast: Play in new window | Download
Podcast (ืืฃ ืืืื ืื ืฉืื - ืขืืจืืช): Play in new window | Download
ืชืืื ืื ืชืืจืื ืื ื: ืขืืจืืช
ืืคืืืื ืฉื ืืขืื ืืืคืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจืชื ืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืกืงืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืฉืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืฉืื
in the heavenly entourage [pamalia] of angels each of whom ministers to a specific nation (see Daniel 10), and whose infighting causes war on earth;
and in the earthly entourage, the Sages,
and among the disciples engaged in the study of Your Torah,
whether they engage in its study for its own sake or not for its own sake.
And all those engaged in Torah study not for its own sake,
may it be Your will that they will come to engage in its study for its own sake.
ืจืื ืืืืกื ืืจื ืืชืจ ืฆืืืชืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืืณ ืืืืื ื ืฉืชืขืืืื ื ืืงืจื ืืืจื ืืื ืชืขืืืื ื ืืงืจื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืขืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจื ืืื ืื ื ืืฆืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืกื ืืจื ืืชืจ ืืืฆืื ืืืจ ืืื ืจืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืข ืืคื ืื ืฉืจืฆืื ื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืืจ ืฉืืขืืกื ืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืฉืชืฆืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืงื ืจืฆืื ื ืืืื ืฉืื
After his prayer, Rabbi Alexandri said the following:
May it be Your will, Lord our God,
that You station us in a lighted corner and not in a darkened corner,
and do not let our hearts become faint nor our eyes dim.
Some say that this was the prayer that Rav Hamnuna would recite, and that after Rabbi Alexandri prayed, he would say the following:
Master of the Universe, it is revealed and known before You
that our will is to perform Your will, and what prevents us?
On the one hand, the yeast in the dough, the evil inclination that is within every person;
and the subjugation to the kingdoms on the other.
May it be Your will
that You will deliver us from their hands, of both the evil inclination and the foreign kingdoms,
so that we may return to perform the edicts of Your will with a perfect heart.
ืจืื ืืชืจ ืฆืืืชืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืฉืื ื ืืฆืจืชื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืฉื ืืฆืจืชื ืืืื ืื ื ืืฆืจืชื ืขืคืจ ืื ื ืืืื ืงื ืืืืืจ ืืืืชืชื ืืจื ืื ื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืืณ ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืคื ืื ืืจืง ืืจืืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืกืืจืื ืืืืืื ืจืขืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืคืืจื
After his prayer, Rava said the following:
My God, before I was created I was worthless,
and now that I have been created it is as if I had not been created, I am no more significant.
I am dust in life, all the more so in my death.
I am before You as a vessel filled with shame and humiliation.
Therefore, may it be Your will, Lord my God, that I will sin no more,
and that those transgressions that I have committed,
cleanse in Your abundant mercy;
but may this cleansing not be by means of suffering and serious illness, but rather in a manner I will be able to easily endure.
And this is the confession of Rav Hamnuna Zuti on Yom Kippur.
ืืจ ืืจืื ืืจืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืกืืื ืฆืืืชืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ื ืืจืข ืืฉืคืชืืชื ืืืืจ ืืจืื ืืืืงืืื ื ืคืฉื ืชืืื ืื ืคืฉื ืืขืคืจ ืืื ืชืืื ืคืชื ืืื ืืชืืจืชื ืืืืฆืืชืื ืชืจืืืฃ ื ืคืฉื ืืชืฆืืื ื ืืคืืข ืจืข ืืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืืืืฉื ืจืขื ืืืื ืจืขืืช ืืืชืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืขืื ืจืขื ืืืจื ืืคืจ ืขืฆืชื ืืงืืงื ืืืฉืืืชื ืืืื ืืจืฆืื ืืืจื ืคื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืคื ืื ืืณ ืฆืืจื ืืืืืื
When Mar, son of Ravina, would conclude his prayer, he said the following:
My God, guard my tongue from evil and my lips from speaking deceit.
To those who curse me let my soul be silent
and may my soul be like dust to all.
Open my heart to Your Torah,
and may my soul pursue your mitzvot.
And save me from a bad mishap, from the evil inclination,
from a bad woman, and from all evils that suddenly come upon the world.
And all who plan evil against me,
swiftly thwart their counsel, and frustrate their plans.
May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart find favor before You,
Lord, my Rock and my Redeemer.
ืจื ืฉืฉืช ืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืชืขื ืืชื ืืชืจ ืืืฆืื ืืืจ ืืื ืจืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืงืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืงืจืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืคืจ ืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืฉืืชื ืืชืขื ืืช ืื ืชืืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืชืืขื ืืืืื ืืงืจืืชืื ืืคื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืืชืจืฆื ื
The Gemara recounts that when Rav Sheshet would sit in observance of a fast, after he prayed he said as follows:
Master of the Universe, it is revealed before You
that when the Temple is standing, one sins and offers a sacrifice.
And although only its fat and blood were offered from that sacrifice on the altar, his transgression is atoned for him.
And now, I sat in observance of a fast and my fat and blood diminished.
May it be Your will that my fat and blood that diminished be considered as if I offered a sacrifice before You on the altar,
and may I find favor in Your eyes.
Having cited statements that various Sages would recite after their prayers, the Gemara cites additional passages recited by the Sages on different occasions.
ืจืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืกืืื ืกืคืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืกืืฃ ืืื ืืืืช ืืกืืฃ ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืฉืจื ืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืฉื ื ืืช ืจืื ืืืืฆืจื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืื ืื ืคืืจ ืืฉื ืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืขืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื
When Rabbi Yoแธฅanan would conclude study of the book of Job, he said the following:
A person will ultimately die and an animal will ultimately be slaughtered, and all are destined for death. Therefore, death itself is not a cause for great anguish.
Rather, happy is he who grew up in Torah, whose labor is in Torah,
who gives pleasure to his Creator,
who grew up with a good name and who took leave of the world with a good name.
Such a person lived his life fully, and about him, Solomon said:
โA good name is better than fine oil, and the day of death than the day of oneโs birthโ (Ecclesiastes 7:1); one who was faultless in life reaches the day of his death on a higher level than he was at the outset.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืขืช ืืช ืืจืื ืืืฉืงืื ืขื ืืืชื ืชืืจืชื ื ืฆืืจ ืชืืจืชื ืืืื ืื ืื ืขืื ืื ืชืืื ืืจืืชื ืฉืืืจ ืคืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืงืืฉ ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืขืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืงืื
Rabbi Meir was wont to say the following idiom:
Study with all your heart and with all your soul to know My ways
and to be diligent at the doors of My Torah.
Keep My Torah in your heart,
and fear of Me should be before your eyes.
Guard your mouth from all transgression,
and purify and sanctify yourself from all fault and iniquity.
And if you do so, I, God, will be with you everywhere.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืื ื ืื ื ืืจืื ืืืืจื ืืจืื ืื ื ืืืืืชื ืืขืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืฉืื ืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืชื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืืืชื ืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืืืชื ืืฉืื ืชืืืจ ืื ื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืฉื ืื ื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื
The Sages in Yavne were wont to say:
I who learn Torah am Godโs creature and my counterpart who engages in other labor is Godโs creature.
My work is in the city and his work is in the field.
I rise early for my work and he rises early for his work.
And just as he does not presume to perform my work, so I do not presume to perform his work.
Lest you say: I engage in Torah study a lot, while he only engages in Torah study a little, so I am better than he,
it has already been taught:
One who brings a substantial sacrifice and one who brings a meager sacrifice have equal merit,
as long as he directs his heart towards Heaven (Rav Hai Gaon, Arukh).
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืืจืื ืืขื ื ืจื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืขื ืงืจืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืคืืื ืขื ืืื ืืฉืืง ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ืขื ืืืจืืืช
Abaye was wont to say:
One must always be shrewd and utilize every strategy in order to achieve fear of Heaven and performance of mitzvot.
One must fulfill the verse: โA soft answer turns away wrathโ (Proverbs 15:1)
and take steps to increase peace with oneโs brethren and with oneโs relatives,
and with all people, even with a non-Jew in the marketplace, despite the fact that he is of no importance to him and does not know him at all (Meโiri),
so that he will be loved above in Godโs eyes,
pleasant below in the eyes of the people,
and acceptable to all of Godโs creatures.
ืืืจื ืขืืื ืขื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืงืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืืคืืื ืืื ืืฉืืง
Tangentially, the Gemara mentions that they said about Rabban Yoแธฅanan ben Zakkai that no one ever preceded him in issuing a greeting, not even a non-Jew in the marketplace, as Rabban Yoแธฅanan would always greet him first.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืจืื ืชืืืืช ืืืื ืชืฉืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืงืืจื ืืฉืื ื ืืืืขื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืณ ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืฉืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืขืืฉืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืฉื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื
Rava was wont to say:
The objective of Torah wisdom is to achieve repentance and good deeds;
that one should not read the Torah and study mishna and become arrogant
and spurn his father and his mother and his teacher
and one who is greater than he in wisdom or in the number of students who study before him,
as it is stated: โThe beginning of wisdom is fear of the Lord, a good understanding have all who fulfill themโ (Psalms 111:10).
It is not stated simply: All who fulfill, but rather: All who fulfill them, those who perform these actions as they ought to be performed, meaning those who do such deeds for their own sake, for the sake of the deeds themselves, not those who do them not for their own sake.
Rava continued: One who does them not for their own sake, it would have been preferable for him had he not been created.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืจื [ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื] ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืชืื ืืื ืคืจืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืชื ืืื ืงื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืชืืจืืช ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืจืืชืืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืชื:
Rav was wont to say:
The World-to-Come is not like this world.
In the World-to-Come there is no eating, no drinking,
no procreation, no business negotiations,
no jealousy, no hatred, and no competition.
Rather, the righteous sit with their crowns upon their heads, enjoying the splendor of the Divine Presence, as it is stated:
โAnd they beheld God, and they ate and drankโ (Exodus 24:11), meaning that beholding Godโs countenance is tantamount to eating and drinking.
ืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฉื ืืืจ ื ืฉืื ืฉืื ื ืืช ืงืื ื ืฉืืขื ื ืงืืื ืื ืืช ืืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืจืชื
The Gemara states: Greater is the promise for the future made by the Holy One, Blessed be He, to women than to men, as it is stated: โRise up, women at ease; hear My voice, confident daughters, listen to what I sayโ (Isaiah 32:9). This promise of ease and confidence is not given to men.
ืืืจ ืืื ืจื ืืจืื ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงืจืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืชื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืจืืืื ืื ืจืื ื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืจืืืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืื ืจืื ื
Rav said to Rabbi แธคiyya: By what virtue do women merit to receive this reward? Rabbi แธคiyya answered: They merit this reward for bringing their children to read the Torah in the synagogue, and for sending their husbands to study mishna in the study hall, and for waiting for their husbands until they return from the study hall.
ืื ืืื ืืคืืจื ืจืื ื ืืื ืจืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืจืื ืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืืชื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืชืงืืชื ืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืชืืื ื ืคืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื ื ืืจืืืฉ ืจื ื ืืช ืขืคืขืคืื ืืืฉืืจื ื ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืชืืจื ืืคื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืจืงืืข ืฉืคืชืืชืื ืืืืขื ืืขืช ืืืืืืชืื ืชืขืืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืคืขืืื ืืจืืฆื ืืฉืืืข ืืืจื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื
When the Sages who had been studying there took leave of the study hall of Rabbi Ami, and some say it was the study hall of Rabbi แธคanina, they would say to him the following blessing:
May you see your world, may you benefit from all of the good in the world, in your lifetime,
and may your end be to life in the World-to-Come,
and may your hope be sustained for many generations.
May your heart meditate understanding,
your mouth speak wisdom, and your tongue whisper with praise.
May your eyelids look directly before you,
your eyes shine in the light of Torah,
and your face radiate like the brightness of the firmament.
May your lips express knowledge,
your kidneys rejoice in the upright,
and your feet run to hear the words of the Ancient of Days, God (see Daniel 7).
ืื ืืื ืืคืืจื ืจืื ื ืืื ืจื ืืกืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืืคืื ื ืืกืืืื ืืืืณ
When the Sages took leave of the study hall of Rav แธคisda, and some say it was the study hall of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naแธฅmani, they would say to him the following, in accordance with the verse: โOur leaders are laden, there is no breach and no going forth and no outcry in our open placesโ (Psalms 144:14).
ืืืืคืื ื ืืกืืืื ืจื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืืืืคืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืกืืืื ืืืฆืืช ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืคืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืช ืืืกืืืื ืืืกืืจืื
Our leaders are laden. Rav and Shmuel, and some say Rabbi Yoแธฅanan and Rabbi Elazar, disputed the proper understanding of this verse. One said: Our leaders in Torah are laden with mitzvot. And one said: Our leaders in Torah and mitzvot are laden with suffering.
ืืื ืคืจืฅ ืฉืื ืชืื ืกืืขืชื ื ืืกืืขืชื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืืชืืคื ืืืื ืืืฆืืช ืฉืื ืชืื ืกืืขืชื ื ืืกืืขืชื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืฉืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฆืืื ืฉืื ืชืื ืกืืขืชื ื ืืกืืขืชื ืฉื ืืืืฉืข ืฉืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืจืืืืืชืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืชืืืื ืฉืืงืืื ืชืืฉืืื ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืฆืจื:
โThere is no breachโ; that our faction of Sages should not be like the faction of David, from which Ahitophel emerged, who caused a breach in the kingdom of David.
โAnd no going forthโ; that our faction should not be like the faction of Saul, from which Doeg the Edomite emerged, who set forth on an evil path.
โAnd no outcryโ; that our faction should not be like the faction of Elisha, from which Geihazi emerged.
โIn our open placesโ; that we should not have a child or student who overcooks his food in public, i.e., who sins in public and causes others to sin, as in the well-known case of Jesus the Nazarene.
ืฉืืขื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืจืืืงืื ืืฆืืงื ืจื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืฆืืงื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืข ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืืชื ืืื ืืคืืื ืืืืืช ืขืฆืื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื
Having cited a dispute with regard to the interpretation of a verse where we are uncertain whether the dispute is between Rav and Shmuel or Rabbi Yoแธฅanan and Rabbi Elazar, the Gemara cites another verse with regard to which there is a similar dispute. It is said: โHear Me, stubborn-hearted who are far from charityโ (Isaiah 46:12). While both agree that the verse refers to the righteous, Rav and Shmuel, and some say Rabbi Yoแธฅanan and Rabbi Elazar, disagreed as to how to interpret the verse. One said: The entire world is sustained by Godโs charity, not because it deserves to exist, while the righteous who are far from Godโs charity are sustained by force, as due to their own good deeds they have the right to demand their sustenance. And one said: The entire world is sustained by the merit of their righteousness, while they are not sustained at all, not even by their own merit, in accordance with the statement that Rav Yehuda said that Rav said.
ืืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืงืื ืืืฆืืช ืืืจ ืืืจื ืืืืืจืช ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืงื ืืจืืืื ืืขืจื ืฉืืช ืืขืจื ืฉืืช
As Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Every day a Divine Voice emerges from Mount Horeb and says: The entire world is sustained by the merit of แธคanina ben Dosa, my son, and for แธคanina, my son, a kav of carobs is sufficient to sustain him for an entire week, from one Shabbat eve to the next Shabbat eve.
ืืคืืืื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืคืฉืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืืกืฃ ืชืืข ืืื ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื
And this exegesis disagrees with the opinion of Rav Yehuda, as Rav Yehuda said, who are the stubborn-hearted? They are the foolish heathens of Govaโei. Rav Yosef said: Know that this is so, as no convert has ever converted from their ranks.
ืืืจ ืจื ืืฉื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืกืื ืืืืจื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืงื ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืจืืืชื ืชืจื ืืื ื ืืฉืชื ืืื ืงืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื:
Similarly, Rav Ashi said: The heathen residents of the city Mata Meแธฅasya are the stubborn-hearted, as they witness the glory of the Torah twice a year at the kalla gatherings in Adar and Elul, when thousands of people congregate and study Torah en masse, yet no convert has ever converted from their ranks.
ืืชื ืื ืจืืฆื ืืงืจืืช ืืืืณ:
We learned in our mishna that if a groom wishes to recite Shema on the first night of his marriage, he may do so, and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel prohibited doing so because of the appearance of presumptuousness.
ืืืืืจื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืืจื ืืจืื ื ืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืืคืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืืื ืืชื ื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืชืฉืขื ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืื ืืงืื ืชืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืขืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืชืืืื ืืื
The Gemara asks: Is that to say that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel is concerned about presumptuousness and the Rabbis are not concerned about presumptuousness? Didnโt we learn that they say the opposite? As we learned in a mishna: A place where they were accustomed to perform labor on Ninth of Av, one may perform labor. A place where they were accustomed not to perform labor on Ninth of Av, one may not perform labor. And everywhere, Torah scholars are idle and do not perform labor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: With regard to performing labor on the Ninth of Av, one should always conduct himself as a Torah scholar.
ืงืฉืื ืืจืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืงืฉืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื
If so, there is a contradiction between the statement of the Rabbis here and the statement of the Rabbis there. And, there is a contradiction between the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel here and the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel there.
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืคืช ืืฉืืื ืจื ืฉืืฉื ืืจืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืขืืื ืื ืชืืืืฃ ืืจืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืื ืงืฉืื ืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืงื ืงืจื ืืืืื ื ืื ืงืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืงื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจื
Rabbi Yoแธฅanan said: The attribution of the opinions is reversed in one of the sources in the interest of avoiding contradiction. Rav Sheisha, son of Rav Idi, said: Actually, you need not reverse the opinions, as the contradiction between the statement of the Rabbis here and the statement of the Rabbis there is not difficult. In the case of the recitation of Shema on his wedding night, since everyone is reciting Shema and he is also reciting Shema, he is not conspicuous and it does not appear as presumptuousness. Here, in the case of the Ninth of Av, however, since everyone is performing labor and he is not performing labor, his idleness is conspicuous and appears as presumptuousness.
ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืื ืงืฉืื ืืชื ืืืื ื ืชืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ื ืกืืื ืืื ืืฆื ืืืืื ื ืืขืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืคืืง ืืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืงื:
So too, the contradiction between the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel here and the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel there is not difficult. There, in the case of the recitation of Shema on his wedding night, the matter is dependent upon his capacity to concentrate, and it is clear to all that he is unable to concentrate. Reciting Shema under those circumstances is a display of presumptuousness. But here, in the case of the Ninth of Av, one who sees him idle says: It is because he has no labor to perform. Go out and see how many idle people there are in the marketplace, even on days when one is permitted to work. Consequently, his idleness is not conspicuous.
ืืืจื ืขืื ืืื ืงืืจื
ืืชื ืืณ ืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืคืืืจ ืืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืืื ืืชืคืื ืืื ืืชืคืืืื ืืืื ืืฆืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืชืืจื
MISHNA: One whose deceased relative is laid out unburied before him is exempt from the recitation of Shema, from the Amida prayer, and from the mitzva to don phylacteries, as well as all positive mitzvot mentioned in the Torah, until the deceased has been buried.
ื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืืคื ืืืืคืืื ืืช ืฉืืคื ื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืืืจ ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืคื ื ืืืื ืฆืืจื ืืื ืคืืืจืื ืืืช ืฉืืืืจ ืืืื ืฆืืจื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืคืืืจืื ืื ืืชืคืื
With regard to the pallbearers and their replacements and the replacements of their replacements, those located before the bier who have not yet carried the deceased and those located after the bier. Those before the bier who are needed to carry the bier are exempt from reciting Shema; while those after the bier, even if they are still needed to carry it, since they have already carried the deceased, they are obligated to recite Shema. However, both these and those are exempt from reciting the Amida prayer, since they are preoccupied and are unable to focus and pray with the appropriate intent.
ืงืืจื ืืช ืืืช ืืืืจื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืืืจ ืขื ืฉืื ืืืืขื ืืฉืืจื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืืืื
After they buried the deceased and returned, if they have sufficient time to begin to recite Shema and conclude before they arrive at the row, formed by those who attended the burial, through which the bereaved family will pass in order to receive consolation, they should begin. If they do not have sufficient time to conclude reciting the entire Shema, then they should not begin.
ืืขืืืืื ืืฉืืจื ืืคื ืืืืื ืคืืืจืื ืืืืืฆืื ืื ืืืืืื (ื ืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืืงืื ืื ืคืืืจืื ืืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืืื ืืชืคืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืชืคืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื):
And those standing in the row, those in the interior row, directly before whom the mourners will pass and who will console them, are exempt from reciting Shema, while those in the exterior row, who stand there only to show their respect, are obligated to recite Shema. Women, slaves and minors are exempt from the recitation of Shema and from phylacteries, but are obligated in prayer, mezuza and Grace after Meals.
ืืืณ ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืื
GEMARA: We learned in the mishna that one whose deceased relative is laid out before him is exempt from the recitation of Shema and other positive mitzvot. The Gemara deduces: When the corpse is laid out before him, yes, he is exempt, but when the corpse is not physically laid out before him, no, he is not exempt from these mitzvot.
ืืจืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืจื ืขืืฉื ืืืืฆื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืฆื ืืืืืจ ืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืกื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืื
The Gemara raises a contradiction from a baraita: One whose deceased relative is laid out before him eats in another room. If he does not have another room, he eats in the house of a friend. If he does not have a friendโs house available, he makes a partition between him and the deceased and eats. If he does not have material with which to make a partition, he averts his face from the dead and eats. And in any case, he does not recline while he eats, as reclining is characteristic of a festive meal. Furthermore, he neither eats meat nor drinks wine, and does not recite a blessing before eating, and does not recite the formula to invite the participants in the meal to join together in the Grace after Meals [zimmun], i.e., he is exempt from the obligation of Grace after Meals.
-
This monthโs learning is sponsored by Yad Binyamin ladies for the refuah shleima of Asher ben Devorah Fayga.
This month's learning is sponsored by Bracha Rutner in loving memory of her mother, Anna Rutner, Sarah bat Yom Tov and Rachel, on her 5th yahrzeit.
-
This month's shiurim are sponsored by Leora & Jonathan Kukin and Cynthia & Abe Steinberger in honor of Rella Feldman and Curtiss Pulitzer.
Subscribe to Hadran's Daf Yomi
Want to explore more about the Daf?
See insights from our partners, contributors and community of women learners
Berakhot 17
The William Davidson Talmud | Powered by Sefaria

ืืคืืืื ืฉื ืืขืื ืืืคืืืื ืฉื ืืื ืืืื ืืชืืืืืื ืืขืืกืงืื ืืชืืจืชื ืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืกืงืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืฉืืื ืขืืกืงืื ืืฉืื
in the heavenly entourage [pamalia] of angels each of whom ministers to a specific nation (see Daniel 10), and whose infighting causes war on earth;
and in the earthly entourage, the Sages,
and among the disciples engaged in the study of Your Torah,
whether they engage in its study for its own sake or not for its own sake.
And all those engaged in Torah study not for its own sake,
may it be Your will that they will come to engage in its study for its own sake.
ืจืื ืืืืกื ืืจื ืืชืจ ืฆืืืชืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืืณ ืืืืื ื ืฉืชืขืืืื ื ืืงืจื ืืืจื ืืื ืชืขืืืื ื ืืงืจื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืฉืื ืขืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจื ืืื ืื ื ืืฆืื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืกื ืืจื ืืชืจ ืืืฆืื ืืืจ ืืื ืจืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืื ืืืืืข ืืคื ืื ืฉืจืฆืื ื ื ืืขืฉืืช ืจืฆืื ื ืืื ืืขืื ืฉืืืจ ืฉืืขืืกื ืืฉืขืืื ืืืืืืช ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืฉืชืฆืืื ื ืืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืงื ืจืฆืื ื ืืืื ืฉืื
After his prayer, Rabbi Alexandri said the following:
May it be Your will, Lord our God,
that You station us in a lighted corner and not in a darkened corner,
and do not let our hearts become faint nor our eyes dim.
Some say that this was the prayer that Rav Hamnuna would recite, and that after Rabbi Alexandri prayed, he would say the following:
Master of the Universe, it is revealed and known before You
that our will is to perform Your will, and what prevents us?
On the one hand, the yeast in the dough, the evil inclination that is within every person;
and the subjugation to the kingdoms on the other.
May it be Your will
that You will deliver us from their hands, of both the evil inclination and the foreign kingdoms,
so that we may return to perform the edicts of Your will with a perfect heart.
ืจืื ืืชืจ ืฆืืืชืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืขื ืฉืื ื ืืฆืจืชื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืฉื ืืฆืจืชื ืืืื ืื ื ืืฆืจืชื ืขืคืจ ืื ื ืืืื ืงื ืืืืืจ ืืืืชืชื ืืจื ืื ื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืืืฉื ืืืืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืืณ ืืืื ืฉืื ืืืื ืขืื ืืื ืฉืืืืชื ืืคื ืื ืืจืง ืืจืืืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืกืืจืื ืืืืืื ืจืขืื ืืืืื ื ืืืืื ืืจื ืืื ืื ื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืคืืจื
After his prayer, Rava said the following:
My God, before I was created I was worthless,
and now that I have been created it is as if I had not been created, I am no more significant.
I am dust in life, all the more so in my death.
I am before You as a vessel filled with shame and humiliation.
Therefore, may it be Your will, Lord my God, that I will sin no more,
and that those transgressions that I have committed,
cleanse in Your abundant mercy;
but may this cleansing not be by means of suffering and serious illness, but rather in a manner I will be able to easily endure.
And this is the confession of Rav Hamnuna Zuti on Yom Kippur.
ืืจ ืืจืื ืืจืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืกืืื ืฆืืืชืื ืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ื ืฆืืจ ืืฉืื ื ืืจืข ืืฉืคืชืืชื ืืืืจ ืืจืื ืืืืงืืื ื ืคืฉื ืชืืื ืื ืคืฉื ืืขืคืจ ืืื ืชืืื ืคืชื ืืื ืืชืืจืชื ืืืืฆืืชืื ืชืจืืืฃ ื ืคืฉื ืืชืฆืืื ื ืืคืืข ืจืข ืืืฆืจ ืืจืข ืืืืฉื ืจืขื ืืืื ืจืขืืช ืืืชืจืืฉืืช ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืืืฉืืื ืขืื ืจืขื ืืืจื ืืคืจ ืขืฆืชื ืืงืืงื ืืืฉืืืชื ืืืื ืืจืฆืื ืืืจื ืคื ืืืืืื ืืื ืืคื ืื ืืณ ืฆืืจื ืืืืืื
When Mar, son of Ravina, would conclude his prayer, he said the following:
My God, guard my tongue from evil and my lips from speaking deceit.
To those who curse me let my soul be silent
and may my soul be like dust to all.
Open my heart to Your Torah,
and may my soul pursue your mitzvot.
And save me from a bad mishap, from the evil inclination,
from a bad woman, and from all evils that suddenly come upon the world.
And all who plan evil against me,
swiftly thwart their counsel, and frustrate their plans.
May the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart find favor before You,
Lord, my Rock and my Redeemer.
ืจื ืฉืฉืช ืื ืืื ืืชืื ืืชืขื ืืชื ืืชืจ ืืืฆืื ืืืจ ืืื ืจืืื ืืขืืืืื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืฉืืืช ืืืงืืฉ ืงืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืงืจืื ืงืจืื ืืืื ืืงืจืืืื ืืื ื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืืชืืคืจ ืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืฉืืชื ืืชืขื ืืช ืื ืชืืขื ืืืื ืืืื ืืื ืจืฆืื ืืืคื ืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืฉื ืชืืขื ืืืืื ืืงืจืืชืื ืืคื ืื ืขื ืืื ืืืืื ืืชืจืฆื ื
The Gemara recounts that when Rav Sheshet would sit in observance of a fast, after he prayed he said as follows:
Master of the Universe, it is revealed before You
that when the Temple is standing, one sins and offers a sacrifice.
And although only its fat and blood were offered from that sacrifice on the altar, his transgression is atoned for him.
And now, I sat in observance of a fast and my fat and blood diminished.
May it be Your will that my fat and blood that diminished be considered as if I offered a sacrifice before You on the altar,
and may I find favor in Your eyes.
Having cited statements that various Sages would recite after their prayers, the Gemara cites additional passages recited by the Sages on different occasions.
ืจืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืื ืืกืืื ืกืคืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืืื ืกืืฃ ืืื ืืืืช ืืกืืฃ ืืืื ืืฉืืืื ืืืื ืืืืชื ืื ืขืืืืื ืืฉืจื ืื ืฉืืื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืื ืืชืืจื ืืขืืฉื ื ืืช ืจืื ืืืืฆืจื ืืืื ืืฉื ืืื ืื ืคืืจ ืืฉื ืืื ืื ืืขืืื ืืขืืื ืืืจ ืฉืืื ืืื ืฉื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืื ืืืืื
When Rabbi Yoแธฅanan would conclude study of the book of Job, he said the following:
A person will ultimately die and an animal will ultimately be slaughtered, and all are destined for death. Therefore, death itself is not a cause for great anguish.
Rather, happy is he who grew up in Torah, whose labor is in Torah,
who gives pleasure to his Creator,
who grew up with a good name and who took leave of the world with a good name.
Such a person lived his life fully, and about him, Solomon said:
โA good name is better than fine oil, and the day of death than the day of oneโs birthโ (Ecclesiastes 7:1); one who was faultless in life reaches the day of his death on a higher level than he was at the outset.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืจืื ืืืืจ ืืืืจ ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ื ืคืฉื ืืืขืช ืืช ืืจืื ืืืฉืงืื ืขื ืืืชื ืชืืจืชื ื ืฆืืจ ืชืืจืชื ืืืื ืื ืื ืขืื ืื ืชืืื ืืจืืชื ืฉืืืจ ืคืื ืืื ืืื ืืืืจ ืืงืืฉ ืขืฆืื ืืื ืืฉืื ืืขืื ืืื ื ืืืื ืขืื ืืื ืืงืื
Rabbi Meir was wont to say the following idiom:
Study with all your heart and with all your soul to know My ways
and to be diligent at the doors of My Torah.
Keep My Torah in your heart,
and fear of Me should be before your eyes.
Guard your mouth from all transgression,
and purify and sanctify yourself from all fault and iniquity.
And if you do so, I, God, will be with you everywhere.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืืืื ืืจืื ื ืืืื ื ืื ื ืืจืื ืืืืจื ืืจืื ืื ื ืืืืืชื ืืขืืจ ืืืื ืืืืืชื ืืฉืื ืื ื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืชื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ืืืืืืชื ืืฉื ืฉืืื ืืื ื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืืืชื ืื ืื ื ืืื ื ืืชืืืจ ืืืืืืชื ืืฉืื ืชืืืจ ืื ื ืืจืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืฉื ืื ื ืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืืืืขืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืื ืืื ืืฉืืื
The Sages in Yavne were wont to say:
I who learn Torah am Godโs creature and my counterpart who engages in other labor is Godโs creature.
My work is in the city and his work is in the field.
I rise early for my work and he rises early for his work.
And just as he does not presume to perform my work, so I do not presume to perform his work.
Lest you say: I engage in Torah study a lot, while he only engages in Torah study a little, so I am better than he,
it has already been taught:
One who brings a substantial sacrifice and one who brings a meager sacrifice have equal merit,
as long as he directs his heart towards Heaven (Rav Hai Gaon, Arukh).
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืขืจืื ืืืจืื ืืขื ื ืจื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืื ืขื ืืืื ืืขื ืงืจืืืื ืืขื ืื ืืื ืืืคืืื ืขื ืืื ืืฉืืง ืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืืขืื ืื ืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืืงืืื ืขื ืืืจืืืช
Abaye was wont to say:
One must always be shrewd and utilize every strategy in order to achieve fear of Heaven and performance of mitzvot.
One must fulfill the verse: โA soft answer turns away wrathโ (Proverbs 15:1)
and take steps to increase peace with oneโs brethren and with oneโs relatives,
and with all people, even with a non-Jew in the marketplace, despite the fact that he is of no importance to him and does not know him at all (Meโiri),
so that he will be loved above in Godโs eyes,
pleasant below in the eyes of the people,
and acceptable to all of Godโs creatures.
ืืืจื ืขืืื ืขื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืื ืืืื ืฉืื ืืงืืืื ืืื ืฉืืื ืืขืืื ืืืคืืื ืืื ืืฉืืง
Tangentially, the Gemara mentions that they said about Rabban Yoแธฅanan ben Zakkai that no one ever preceded him in issuing a greeting, not even a non-Jew in the marketplace, as Rabban Yoแธฅanan would always greet him first.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืจืื ืชืืืืช ืืืื ืชืฉืืื ืืืขืฉืื ืืืืื ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืงืืจื ืืฉืื ื ืืืืขื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืจืื ืืืื ืฉืืื ืืืื ืืื ื ืืืืื ืืืื ืื ืฉื ืืืจ ืจืืฉืืช ืืืื ืืจืืช ืืณ ืฉืื ืืื ืืื ืขืืฉืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืื ื ืืืจ ืืื ืืขืืฉืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืฉืื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ืืื ืืขืืฉื ืฉืื ืืฉืื ื ืื ืื ืฉืื ื ืืจื
Rava was wont to say:
The objective of Torah wisdom is to achieve repentance and good deeds;
that one should not read the Torah and study mishna and become arrogant
and spurn his father and his mother and his teacher
and one who is greater than he in wisdom or in the number of students who study before him,
as it is stated: โThe beginning of wisdom is fear of the Lord, a good understanding have all who fulfill themโ (Psalms 111:10).
It is not stated simply: All who fulfill, but rather: All who fulfill them, those who perform these actions as they ought to be performed, meaning those who do such deeds for their own sake, for the sake of the deeds themselves, not those who do them not for their own sake.
Rava continued: One who does them not for their own sake, it would have been preferable for him had he not been created.
ืืจืืื ืืคืืืื ืืจื [ืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืขืืื ืืื] ืืขืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืื ืืืืื ืืื ืฉืชืื ืืื ืคืจืื ืืจืืื ืืื ืืฉื ืืืชื ืืื ืงื ืื ืืื ืฉื ืื ืืื ืชืืจืืช ืืื ืฆืืืงืื ืืืฉืืื ืืขืืจืืชืืื ืืจืืฉืืื ืื ืื ืื ืืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืฉื ืืืจ ืืืืื ืืช ืืืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืฉืชื:
Rav was wont to say:
The World-to-Come is not like this world.
In the World-to-Come there is no eating, no drinking,
no procreation, no business negotiations,
no jealousy, no hatred, and no competition.
Rather, the righteous sit with their crowns upon their heads, enjoying the splendor of the Divine Presence, as it is stated:
โAnd they beheld God, and they ate and drankโ (Exodus 24:11), meaning that beholding Godโs countenance is tantamount to eating and drinking.
ืืืืื ืืืืื ืฉืืืืืื ืืงืืืฉ ืืจืื ืืื ืื ืฉืื ืืืชืจ ืื ืืื ืฉืื ืฉื ืืืจ ื ืฉืื ืฉืื ื ืืช ืงืื ื ืฉืืขื ื ืงืืื ืื ืืช ืืืืืช ืืืื ื ืืืจืชื
The Gemara states: Greater is the promise for the future made by the Holy One, Blessed be He, to women than to men, as it is stated: โRise up, women at ease; hear My voice, confident daughters, listen to what I sayโ (Isaiah 32:9). This promise of ease and confidence is not given to men.
ืืืจ ืืื ืจื ืืจืื ืืืื ื ืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืืืงืจืืื ืื ืืืื ืืื ืื ืืฉืชื ืืืืชื ืืื ืืืจืืืื ืื ืจืื ื ืื ืืจืื ืืืืจืืืื ืขื ืืืชื ืืื ืจืื ื
Rav said to Rabbi แธคiyya: By what virtue do women merit to receive this reward? Rabbi แธคiyya answered: They merit this reward for bringing their children to read the Torah in the synagogue, and for sending their husbands to study mishna in the study hall, and for waiting for their husbands until they return from the study hall.
ืื ืืื ืืคืืจื ืจืื ื ืืื ืจืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืจืื ืื ืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืขืืืื ืชืจืื ืืืืื ืืืืจืืชื ืืืื ืืขืืื ืืื ืืชืงืืชื ืืืืจ ืืืจืื ืืื ืืืื ืชืืื ื ืคืื ืืืืจ ืืืืืช ืืืฉืื ื ืืจืืืฉ ืจื ื ืืช ืขืคืขืคืื ืืืฉืืจื ื ืืื ืขืื ืื ืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืชืืจื ืืคื ืื ืืืืืจื ืืืืืจ ืืจืงืืข ืฉืคืชืืชืื ืืืืขื ืืขืช ืืืืืืชืื ืชืขืืืื ื ืืืฉืจืื ืืคืขืืื ืืจืืฆื ืืฉืืืข ืืืจื ืขืชืืง ืืืืื
When the Sages who had been studying there took leave of the study hall of Rabbi Ami, and some say it was the study hall of Rabbi แธคanina, they would say to him the following blessing:
May you see your world, may you benefit from all of the good in the world, in your lifetime,
and may your end be to life in the World-to-Come,
and may your hope be sustained for many generations.
May your heart meditate understanding,
your mouth speak wisdom, and your tongue whisper with praise.
May your eyelids look directly before you,
your eyes shine in the light of Torah,
and your face radiate like the brightness of the firmament.
May your lips express knowledge,
your kidneys rejoice in the upright,
and your feet run to hear the words of the Ancient of Days, God (see Daniel 7).
ืื ืืื ืืคืืจื ืจืื ื ืืื ืจื ืืกืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืื ืจืื ืฉืืืื ืืจ ื ืืื ื ืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืืคืื ื ืืกืืืื ืืืืณ
When the Sages took leave of the study hall of Rav แธคisda, and some say it was the study hall of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naแธฅmani, they would say to him the following, in accordance with the verse: โOur leaders are laden, there is no breach and no going forth and no outcry in our open placesโ (Psalms 144:14).
ืืืืคืื ื ืืกืืืื ืจื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืืืืคืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืกืืืื ืืืฆืืช ืืื ืืืจ ืืืืคืื ื ืืชืืจื ืืืืฆืืช ืืืกืืืื ืืืกืืจืื
Our leaders are laden. Rav and Shmuel, and some say Rabbi Yoแธฅanan and Rabbi Elazar, disputed the proper understanding of this verse. One said: Our leaders in Torah are laden with mitzvot. And one said: Our leaders in Torah and mitzvot are laden with suffering.
ืืื ืคืจืฅ ืฉืื ืชืื ืกืืขืชื ื ืืกืืขืชื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืืชืืคื ืืืื ืืืฆืืช ืฉืื ืชืื ืกืืขืชื ื ืืกืืขืชื ืฉื ืฉืืื ืฉืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืฆืืื ืฉืื ืชืื ืกืืขืชื ื ืืกืืขืชื ืฉื ืืืืฉืข ืฉืืฆื ืืื ื ืืืื ืืจืืืืืชืื ื ืฉืื ืืื ืื ื ืื ืื ืชืืืื ืฉืืงืืื ืชืืฉืืื ืืจืืื ืืืื ืืฉื ืื ืืฆืจื:
โThere is no breachโ; that our faction of Sages should not be like the faction of David, from which Ahitophel emerged, who caused a breach in the kingdom of David.
โAnd no going forthโ; that our faction should not be like the faction of Saul, from which Doeg the Edomite emerged, who set forth on an evil path.
โAnd no outcryโ; that our faction should not be like the faction of Elisha, from which Geihazi emerged.
โIn our open placesโ; that we should not have a child or student who overcooks his food in public, i.e., who sins in public and causes others to sin, as in the well-known case of Jesus the Nazarene.
ืฉืืขื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืจืืืงืื ืืฆืืงื ืจื ืืฉืืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืจืื ืืืขืืจ ืื ืืืจ ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืฆืืงื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืจืืข ืืื ืืืจ ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืืืชื ืืื ืืคืืื ืืืืืช ืขืฆืื ืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื
Having cited a dispute with regard to the interpretation of a verse where we are uncertain whether the dispute is between Rav and Shmuel or Rabbi Yoแธฅanan and Rabbi Elazar, the Gemara cites another verse with regard to which there is a similar dispute. It is said: โHear Me, stubborn-hearted who are far from charityโ (Isaiah 46:12). While both agree that the verse refers to the righteous, Rav and Shmuel, and some say Rabbi Yoแธฅanan and Rabbi Elazar, disagreed as to how to interpret the verse. One said: The entire world is sustained by Godโs charity, not because it deserves to exist, while the righteous who are far from Godโs charity are sustained by force, as due to their own good deeds they have the right to demand their sustenance. And one said: The entire world is sustained by the merit of their righteousness, while they are not sustained at all, not even by their own merit, in accordance with the statement that Rav Yehuda said that Rav said.
ืืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืื ืืื ืืืื ืืช ืงืื ืืืฆืืช ืืืจ ืืืจื ืืืืืจืช ืื ืืขืืื ืืืื ื ืืื ืื ืืฉืืื ืื ืื ื ืื ื ืืื ืื ื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืงื ืืจืืืื ืืขืจื ืฉืืช ืืขืจื ืฉืืช
As Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Every day a Divine Voice emerges from Mount Horeb and says: The entire world is sustained by the merit of แธคanina ben Dosa, my son, and for แธคanina, my son, a kav of carobs is sufficient to sustain him for an entire week, from one Shabbat eve to the next Shabbat eve.
ืืคืืืื ืืจื ืืืืื ืืืืจ ืจื ืืืืื ืืื ืืืืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืคืฉืื ืืืจ ืจื ืืืกืฃ ืชืืข ืืื ืื ืืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื
And this exegesis disagrees with the opinion of Rav Yehuda, as Rav Yehuda said, who are the stubborn-hearted? They are the foolish heathens of Govaโei. Rav Yosef said: Know that this is so, as no convert has ever converted from their ranks.
ืืืจ ืจื ืืฉื ืื ื ืืชื ืืืกืื ืืืืจื ืื ื ืื ืื ืืงื ืืื ืืงืจื ืืืืจืืืชื ืชืจื ืืื ื ืืฉืชื ืืื ืงืืืืืจ ืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื:
Similarly, Rav Ashi said: The heathen residents of the city Mata Meแธฅasya are the stubborn-hearted, as they witness the glory of the Torah twice a year at the kalla gatherings in Adar and Elul, when thousands of people congregate and study Torah en masse, yet no convert has ever converted from their ranks.
ืืชื ืื ืจืืฆื ืืงืจืืช ืืืืณ:
We learned in our mishna that if a groom wishes to recite Shema on the first night of his marriage, he may do so, and Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel prohibited doing so because of the appearance of presumptuousness.
ืืืืืจื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืฉ ืืืืืจื ืืจืื ื ืื ืืืืฉื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืืคืื ืฉืืขืื ื ืืื ืืชื ื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืื ืืชืฉืขื ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืงืื ืฉื ืืื ืฉืื ืืขืฉืืช ืืื ืขืืฉืื ืืื ืืงืื ืชืืืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืืจ ืืขืืื ืืขืฉื ืื ืืื ืืช ืขืฆืื ืืชืืืื ืืื
The Gemara asks: Is that to say that Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel is concerned about presumptuousness and the Rabbis are not concerned about presumptuousness? Didnโt we learn that they say the opposite? As we learned in a mishna: A place where they were accustomed to perform labor on Ninth of Av, one may perform labor. A place where they were accustomed not to perform labor on Ninth of Av, one may not perform labor. And everywhere, Torah scholars are idle and do not perform labor. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: With regard to performing labor on the Ninth of Av, one should always conduct himself as a Torah scholar.
ืงืฉืื ืืจืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืงืฉืื ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื
If so, there is a contradiction between the statement of the Rabbis here and the statement of the Rabbis there. And, there is a contradiction between the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel here and the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel there.
ืืืจ ืจืื ืืืื ื ืืืืืคืช ืืฉืืื ืจื ืฉืืฉื ืืจืื ืืจื ืืืื ืืืจ ืืขืืื ืื ืชืืืืฃ ืืจืื ื ืืืจืื ื ืื ืงืฉืื ืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืงื ืงืจื ืืืืื ื ืื ืงืจื ืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจื ืืื ืืืื ืืืืื ืขืืื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืืื ืื ืงื ืขืืื ืืืืื ืืืืืจื
Rabbi Yoแธฅanan said: The attribution of the opinions is reversed in one of the sources in the interest of avoiding contradiction. Rav Sheisha, son of Rav Idi, said: Actually, you need not reverse the opinions, as the contradiction between the statement of the Rabbis here and the statement of the Rabbis there is not difficult. In the case of the recitation of Shema on his wedding night, since everyone is reciting Shema and he is also reciting Shema, he is not conspicuous and it does not appear as presumptuousness. Here, in the case of the Ninth of Av, however, since everyone is performing labor and he is not performing labor, his idleness is conspicuous and appears as presumptuousness.
ืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืจืื ืฉืืขืื ืื ืืืืืื ืื ืงืฉืื ืืชื ืืืื ื ืชืืื ืืืืชื ืืื ื ืกืืื ืืื ืืฆื ืืืืื ื ืืขืชืื ืืื ืืื ืืจืืื ืืืืจ ืืืืื ืืื ืืืื ืื ืคืืง ืืื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืืงื:
So too, the contradiction between the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel here and the statement of Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel there is not difficult. There, in the case of the recitation of Shema on his wedding night, the matter is dependent upon his capacity to concentrate, and it is clear to all that he is unable to concentrate. Reciting Shema under those circumstances is a display of presumptuousness. But here, in the case of the Ninth of Av, one who sees him idle says: It is because he has no labor to perform. Go out and see how many idle people there are in the marketplace, even on days when one is permitted to work. Consequently, his idleness is not conspicuous.
ืืืจื ืขืื ืืื ืงืืจื
ืืชื ืืณ ืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืคืืืจ ืืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืืื ืืชืคืื ืืื ืืชืคืืืื ืืืื ืืฆืืช ืืืืืจืืช ืืชืืจื
MISHNA: One whose deceased relative is laid out unburied before him is exempt from the recitation of Shema, from the Amida prayer, and from the mitzva to don phylacteries, as well as all positive mitzvot mentioned in the Torah, until the deceased has been buried.
ื ืืฉืื ืืืื ืืืืืคืืื ืืืืืคื ืืืืคืืื ืืช ืฉืืคื ื ืืืื ืืืช ืฉืืืืจ ืืืื ืืช ืฉืืคื ื ืืืื ืฆืืจื ืืื ืคืืืจืื ืืืช ืฉืืืืจ ืืืื ืฆืืจื ืืื ืืืืืื ืืืื ืืืื ืคืืืจืื ืื ืืชืคืื
With regard to the pallbearers and their replacements and the replacements of their replacements, those located before the bier who have not yet carried the deceased and those located after the bier. Those before the bier who are needed to carry the bier are exempt from reciting Shema; while those after the bier, even if they are still needed to carry it, since they have already carried the deceased, they are obligated to recite Shema. However, both these and those are exempt from reciting the Amida prayer, since they are preoccupied and are unable to focus and pray with the appropriate intent.
ืงืืจื ืืช ืืืช ืืืืจื ืื ืืืืืื ืืืชืืื ืืืืืืจ ืขื ืฉืื ืืืืขื ืืฉืืจื ืืชืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืชืืืื
After they buried the deceased and returned, if they have sufficient time to begin to recite Shema and conclude before they arrive at the row, formed by those who attended the burial, through which the bereaved family will pass in order to receive consolation, they should begin. If they do not have sufficient time to conclude reciting the entire Shema, then they should not begin.
ืืขืืืืื ืืฉืืจื ืืคื ืืืืื ืคืืืจืื ืืืืืฆืื ืื ืืืืืื (ื ืฉืื ืืขืืืื ืืงืื ืื ืคืืืจืื ืืงืจืืืช ืฉืืข ืืื ืืชืคืืืื ืืืืืืื ืืชืคืื ืืืืืืื ืืืืจืืช ืืืืื):
And those standing in the row, those in the interior row, directly before whom the mourners will pass and who will console them, are exempt from reciting Shema, while those in the exterior row, who stand there only to show their respect, are obligated to recite Shema. Women, slaves and minors are exempt from the recitation of Shema and from phylacteries, but are obligated in prayer, mezuza and Grace after Meals.
ืืืณ ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืื ืืฉืืื ื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืื
GEMARA: We learned in the mishna that one whose deceased relative is laid out before him is exempt from the recitation of Shema and other positive mitzvot. The Gemara deduces: When the corpse is laid out before him, yes, he is exempt, but when the corpse is not physically laid out before him, no, he is not exempt from these mitzvot.
ืืจืืื ืื ืื ืฉืืชื ืืืื ืืคื ืื ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืจ ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืจ ืืืื ืืืืช ืืืืจื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืช ืืืืจื ืขืืฉื ืืืืฆื ืืืืื ืืื ืืื ืื ืืืจ ืืขืฉืืช ืืืืฆื ืืืืืจ ืคื ืื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืกื ืืืืื ืืืื ื ืืืื ืืฉืจ ืืืื ื ืฉืืชื ืืื ืืืื ื ืืืจื ืืืื ื ืืืื
The Gemara raises a contradiction from a baraita: One whose deceased relative is laid out before him eats in another room. If he does not have another room, he eats in the house of a friend. If he does not have a friendโs house available, he makes a partition between him and the deceased and eats. If he does not have material with which to make a partition, he averts his face from the dead and eats. And in any case, he does not recline while he eats, as reclining is characteristic of a festive meal. Furthermore, he neither eats meat nor drinks wine, and does not recite a blessing before eating, and does not recite the formula to invite the participants in the meal to join together in the Grace after Meals [zimmun], i.e., he is exempt from the obligation of Grace after Meals.