This week’s learning is sponsored by Mark Goldstein in honor of his wife, Rena on the occasion of their 40th anniversary!
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This week’s learning is sponsored by Mark Goldstein in honor of his wife, Rena Septee Goldstein, on the occasion of their 44th anniversary.
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
English
עברית
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
Summary
Today’s daily daf tools:
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This week’s learning is sponsored by Mark Goldstein in honor of his wife, Rena Septee Goldstein, on the occasion of their 44th anniversary.
Ketubot 47
מִשּׁוּם אֵיבָה.
The Gemara explains: The reason is due to enmity, so that he should not bear a grudge against her for finding articles and withholding them from him, which might lead him to become reluctant to provide her with sustenance.
בְּמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ. מְנָלַן? דְּאָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: מִנַּיִן שֶׁמַּעֲשֵׂה הַבַּת לָאָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְכִי יִמְכּוֹר אִישׁ אֶת בִּתּוֹ לְאָמָה״, מָה אָמָה מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ לְרַבָּהּ — אַף בַּת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ לְאָבִיהָ. וְאֵימָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי קְטַנָּה, דְּמָצֵי מְזַבֵּן לַהּ, אֲבָל נַעֲרָה, דְּלָא מָצֵי מְזַבֵּן לַהּ — מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ דִּידַהּ הָווּ!
§ The mishna further taught that a father is entitled to his daughter’s earnings. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? The Gemara answers: As Rav Huna said that Rav said: From where is it derived that the earnings of a daughter belong to her father? As it is stated: “And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant” (Exodus 21:7), which indicates that just as with regard to a maidservant, her earnings belong to her master, as she was sold for this purpose, so too with regard to a daughter, her earnings go to her father. The Gemara asks: But one can say that this applies only to a minor, as a father can sell her as a maidservant. However, with regard to a young woman, whom he cannot sell, perhaps her earnings should belong to her.
מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּאָבִיהָ הָווּ, דְּאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ לָאו דְּאָבִיהָ, אֶלָּא הָא דְּזַכִּי לֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא לְאָב לְמִימְסְרַהּ לְחוּפָּה, הֵיכִי מָצֵי מָסַר לַהּ? הָא קָמְבַטֵּל לַהּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ.
The Gemara responds: It is reasonable that her earnings should go to her father, as, if it should enter your mind to say that her earnings do not belong to her father, what about the fact that the Merciful One entitles a father to bring his daughter, when she is a young woman, to the wedding canopy? How can he bring her to the wedding canopy? Doesn’t he thereby cause her to neglect her earnings at that time, as she cannot work while getting married? If she has the rights to her own earnings, she can object on these grounds.
פָּרֵיךְ רַב אַחַאי: אֵימָא דְּיָהֵיב לַהּ שְׂכַר פְּקַעְתַּהּ. אִי נָמֵי דִּמְסַר לָהּ בְּלֵילְיָא. אִי נָמֵי דִּמְסַר לַהּ בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים.
Rav Aḥai refutes this claim: Say that when he brings her to the wedding canopy, he gives her the wages she neglects by taking a break from her work, and therefore the above objection does not apply. Alternatively, it is referring to a case where he brought her to the wedding canopy at night, when she does not work. Alternatively, it means that he brought her to the wedding canopy on Shabbatot or Festivals, when it is prohibited to work.
אֶלָּא: קְטַנָּה לָא צְרִיכָא קְרָא — הַשְׁתָּא זַבּוֹנֵי מְזַבֵּין לַהּ, מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ מִיבְּעֵי?! [אֶלָּא] כִּי אִיצְטְרִיךְ קְרָא, לְנַעֲרָה.
Rather, the Gemara reverts to the original exposition based upon the case of a Hebrew maidservant, and argues that with regard to a minor, it is not necessary to derive from a verse that her father is entitled to her earnings, for the following reason: Now, if her father has the right to sell her as a maidservant, is it necessary to state that her earnings belong to him? Rather, when the verse was necessary, it was to teach that the earnings of a young woman also belong to her father.
בַּהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״בִּנְעוּרֶיהָ בֵּית אָבִיהָ״.
§ The mishna taught that a father is entitled to effect the nullification of his daughter’s vows. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? The Gemara answers that it is written: “Being in her youth, in her father’s house” (Numbers 30:17), and the Torah proceeds to explain that during this period a father can nullify his daughter’s vows.
וּמְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״וְיָצְאָה … וְהָיְתָה״, אִיתַּקּוּשׁ יְצִיאָה לַהֲוָיָיהּ.
The mishna further taught: And he accepts her bill of divorce on her behalf. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? The Gemara answers that it is written: “And she departs out of his house and goes and becomes another man’s wife” (Deuteronomy 24:2). This verse juxtaposes departing a marriage and becoming a wife, which teaches that the halakhot of betrothal apply to her departing her husband’s home via a bill of divorce. Consequently, just as a father has the right to accept betrothal on his daughter’s behalf, he can also receive a bill of divorce on her behalf.
וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הָאָב אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת בְּחַיֵּי בִתּוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הָאָב אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת בְּחַיֵּי בִתּוֹ. בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? תַּנָּא קַמָּא סָבַר: בִּשְׁלָמָא בַּעַל, תַּקִּינוּ לֵיה רַבָּנַן פֵּירֵי, דְּאִם כֵּן מִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק,
§ The mishna taught that a father may not consume the produce of his daughter’s property during her lifetime. The Sages taught in a baraita: A father may not consume the produce of his daughter’s property during his daughter’s lifetime. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: A father may consume this produce during his daughter’s lifetime. The Gemara asks: With regard to what principle do they disagree? The Gemara explains that the first tanna holds: Granted, in the case of a husband, the Sages decreed for him that he should consume her produce, as if this were not so, he would refrain from redeeming her if she were captured. The right of a husband to consume the produce of his wife’s property was instituted in order to correspond to his obligation to redeem his wife from captivity.
אֶלָּא אָב, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר — דְּמִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק? בְּלָאו הָכִי פָּרֵיק לַהּ! וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה סָבַר: אָב נָמֵי מִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק. סָבַר: כִּיסָא נְקִיטָא עִילָּוַהּ, תֵּיזִיל וְתִפְרוֹק נַפְשַׁהּ.
However, in the case of a father, what is there to say? That he will refrain from redeeming her? Even without this right to the produce of her property he will redeem her, as she is his daughter and he will certainly not turn a blind eye to his own flesh and blood. And Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, holds: If he is deprived of the right to the produce of his daughter’s property, a father will also refrain from redeeming her, as he will reason: A pouch of money is held in her hand for a time of need, so let her go and redeem herself.
נִיסֵּת, יָתֵר עָלָיו הַבַּעַל שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל כּוּ׳. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: כָּתַב לָהּ פֵּירוֹת, כְּסוּת וְכֵלִים שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ עִמָּהּ מִבֵּית אָבִיהָ לְבֵית בַּעְלָהּ — מֵתָה, לֹא זָכָה הַבַּעַל בִּדְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ. מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי נָתָן אָמְרוּ: זָכָה הַבַּעַל בִּדְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ.
§ The mishna further taught that if the daughter married, the husband has more rights than her father, as he consumes the produce of her property. The Sages taught in a baraita: If the father wrote for her in her marriage contract that he was providing produce, clothing, and vessels that would come with her as a dowry from her father’s house to her husband’s house, and she died during the betrothal period, the husband does not have the right to these objects. They said in the name of Rabbi Natan: The husband does have the right to these objects.
לֵימָא בִּפְלוּגְתָּא דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה וְרַבָּנַן קָמִיפַּלְגִי, דִּתְנַן: נִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, בֵּין מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין בֵּין מִן הָאֵירוּסִין — גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין — גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל, וּמִן הָאֵירוּסִין — בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם, וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה,
The Gemara suggests: Let us say that the dispute of these tanna’im is parallel to the dispute between Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya and the Rabbis. As we learned in a mishna (54b): If a woman was widowed or divorced, whether from marriage or from betrothal, she collects the entire sum specified in her marriage contract, including any extra amount her husband added to the standard sum required by the Sages. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: If she was widowed or divorced from marriage, she collects the entire amount. But if she was widowed or divorced from betrothal, she is entitled to collect only the standard minimum sum required by the Sages: If she was betrothed as a virgin she collects two hundred dinars, and if she was a widow she is entitled to one hundred dinars.
שֶׁלֹּא כָּתַב לָהּ אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת לְכוֹנְסָהּ. לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לֹא זָכָה — כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה. וּמַאן דְּאָמַר זָכָה — כְּרַבָּנַן.
The reason is that he wrote that she would be entitled to the additional amount only on the condition that he would marry her, and since he did not marry her, she is not entitled to the extra amount. The Gemara compares the respective opinions: The one who says that the husband does not have the right to her dowry holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, and therefore he rules that just as a husband guarantees his wife an extra sum in her marriage contract only if they actually get married, the wife’s father also gives the dowry only on the condition that the couple marries. And the one who said that the husband does have the right to her dowry holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, because the document is fully in effect even before marriage.
לָא, דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה. מַאן דְּאָמַר לֹא זָכָה — כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, וּמַאן דְּאָמַר זָכָה — עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אֶלָּא מִדִּידֵיהּ לְדִידַהּ, שֶׁלֹּא כָּתַב לָהּ אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת לְכוֹנְסָהּ.
The Gemara refutes this suggestion: No, everyone agrees that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, and the explanation is as follows: The one who said that he does not have the right to the dowry clearly holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, as stated above; and the one who says the husband does have the right to her dowry would distinguish between the two cases: Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya states that the marriage contract is not fully in effect until marriage only with regard to a bestowal from him to her, i.e., the extra sum that the husband adds to her marriage contract, as he wrote it for her only on the condition that he would marry her, and he did not intend to give her anything before she became his wife.
אֲבָל מִדִּידַהּ לְדִידֵיהּ אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מוֹדֵי, דְּמִשּׁוּם אִיחַתּוֹנֵי הוּא, וְהָא אִיחַתַּנֻי לְהוּ.
However, with regard to that which is given from her father to him, i.e., the dowry, even Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya concedes that the husband is entitled to this money, as the gift of a father is due to marriage, i.e., he wants the families to be joined in matrimony, and they have already become linked in marriage. The dowry given by the father has nothing to do with the transition from betrothal to actual marriage.
חַיָּיב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ וְכוּ׳. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: תִּיקְּנוּ מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ תַּחַת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּקְבוּרָתָהּ תַּחַת כְּתוּבָּתָהּ, לְפִיכָךְ בַּעַל אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת.
§ The mishna teaches that a husband is obligated to provide his wife with sustenance, redemption from captivity, and burial. The Sages taught in a baraita: The Rabbis instituted that a husband must provide his wife with her sustenance in exchange for his rights to her earnings, and similarly they decreed that a husband must tend to her burial in exchange for the fact that he inherits the dowry that she brought into the marriage and which is written in her marriage contract. Consequently, the husband may consume the produce of her property.
פֵּירוֹת מַאן דְּכַר שְׁמַיְיהוּ?! חַסּוֹרֵי מְחַסְּרָא, וְהָכִי קָתָנֵי: תִּיקְּנוּ מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ תַּחַת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּפִירְקוֹנָהּ תַּחַת פֵּירוֹת, וּקְבוּרָתָהּ תַּחַת כְּתוּבָּתָהּ. לְפִיכָךְ בַּעַל אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת.
The Gemara expresses surprise at this last statement: Produce, who mentioned anything about that? The baraita did not previously mention produce at all, so how did it arrive at a halakhic conclusion with regard to produce? The Gemara explains that the baraita is incomplete, and this is what it is teaching: They instituted that a husband must provide his wife with her sustenance in exchange for his rights to her earnings; and it is his duty to provide her with redemption from captivity in exchange for his right to consume the produce of her property; and it is his obligation to attend to her burial in exchange for the fact that he inherits the dowry that she brought into the marriage and which is written in her marriage contract. Consequently, a husband may consume the produce of her property.
מַאי ״לְפִיכָךְ״?
Although the Gemara has explained how the tanna came to speak about produce, the wording of the baraita remains problematic. What is the significance of the word consequently in this context?
מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: מֵיכָל לָא נֵכְלִינְהוּ, אַנּוֹחֵי נַנְּחִינְהוּ. דְּאִם כֵּן, מִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן דְּהָא עֲדִיפָא. זִימְנִין דְּלָא מָלוּ, וּפָרֵיק לַהּ מִדִּידֵיהּ.
The Gemara explains: Lest you say that the husband should not consume the produce but leave it so that if he requires funds to redeem his wife he will have them available, as, if he is not compelled to do so he will refrain from redeeming her, as he will be unwilling to spend his own money for that purpose; the tanna therefore teaches us that this arrangement is preferable, because sometimes the produce will not amount to the funds necessary to redeem her from captivity, and he would not redeem her if he was expected to use the funds produced by her property. Consequently, the Sages decreed that he consumes the produce immediately and that he must redeem her from his own funds if she is taken into captivity.
וְאֵיפוֹךְ אֲנָא!
After analyzing the language of the baraita, the Gemara turns its attention to the halakha itself. But I can reverse these connections; why does the baraita say that a husband’s obligation to provide his wife with sustenance was instituted in exchange for his right to her earnings, as opposed to another of his rights, e.g., his right to consume the produce of her property?
אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: תִּיקְּנוּ מָצוּי לְמָצוּי, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מָצוּי לְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מָצוּי.
Abaye said: The Sages instituted a common obligation in exchange for a common right, and they instituted an uncommon obligation in exchange for an uncommon right. In other words, the Sages instituted a husband’s obligation to provide his wife with sustenance, which is relevant on a regular basis, in exchange for his right to her earnings, which also applies regularly. The other obligations and rights of a husband are relevant less frequently.
אָמַר רָבָא: הַאי תַּנָּא סָבַר מְזוֹנוֹת מִדְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, דְּתַנְיָא: ״שְׁאֵרָהּ״ — אֵלּוּ מְזוֹנוֹת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וַאֲשֶׁר אָכְלוּ שְׁאֵר עַמִּי״. ״כְּסוּתָהּ״ — כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. ״עוֹנָתָהּ״ — זוֹ עוֹנָה הָאֲמוּרָה בַּתּוֹרָה, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״אִם תְּעַנֶּה אֶת בְּנוֹתַי״.
§ Rava said: This tanna, in the baraita cited below, maintains that the obligation of a husband to provide his wife’s sustenance applies by Torah law, as it is taught with regard to the verse pertaining to a husband’s obligations toward his wife: “If he takes another wife for himself, her food [she’era], her clothing [kesuta], and her conjugal rights [onata], he shall not diminish” (Exodus 21:10). “She’era”; this is sustenance, and it likewise states: “Who also eat the flesh [she’er] of my people” (Micah 3:3). “Kesuta” is understood in its literal sense as referring to clothing. “Onata”; this is her conjugal rights, which is stated in the Torah, and so it says: “If you shall afflict [te’aneh] my daughters” (Genesis 31:50), which indicates that a husband may not deprive his wife of her conjugal rights.
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: ״שְׁאֵרָהּ״ — זוֹ עוֹנָה. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״אִישׁ אִישׁ אֶל כׇּל שְׁאֵר בְּשָׂרוֹ לֹא תִקְרְבוּ לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוָה״. ״כְּסוּתָהּ״ — כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. ״עוֹנָתָהּ״ — אֵלּוּ מְזוֹנוֹת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וַיְעַנְּךָ וְיַרְעִיבֶךָ״.
The baraita continues: Rabbi Elazar says: “She’era”; this is her conjugal rights, and so it says: “None of you shall approach to any who is near [she’er] of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness” (Leviticus 18:6), which demonstrates that the word she’er is used in the context of sexual relations. “Kesuta” is understood in its literal sense as referring to clothing. “Onata”; this is sustenance, and so it says: “And He afflicted you [vayanekha], and made you suffer hunger, and fed you with manna” (Deuteronomy 8:3).
Follow 
Today’s daily daf tools:
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
In my Shana bet at Migdal Oz I attended the Hadran siyum hash”as. Witnessing so many women so passionate about their Torah learning and connection to God, I knew I had to begin with the coming cycle. My wedding (June 24) was two weeks before the siyum of mesechet yoma so I went a little ahead and was able to make a speech and siyum at my kiseh kallah on my wedding day!
Sharona Guggenheim Plumb
Givat Shmuel, Israel
Inspired by Hadran’s first Siyum ha Shas L’Nashim two years ago, I began daf yomi right after for the next cycle. As to this extraordinary journey together with Hadran..as TS Eliot wrote “We must not cease from exploration and the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we began and to know the place for the first time.
Susan Handelman
Jerusalem, Israel
I started learning Daf Yomi to fill what I saw as a large gap in my Jewish education. I also hope to inspire my three daughters to ensure that they do not allow the same Talmud-sized gap to form in their own educations. I am so proud to be a part of the Hadran community, and I have loved learning so many of the stories and halachot that we have seen so far. I look forward to continuing!
Dora Chana Haar
Oceanside NY, United States
With Rabbanit Dr. Naomi Cohen in the Women’s Talmud class, over 30 years ago. It was a “known” class and it was accepted, because of who taught. Since then I have also studied with Avigail Gross-Gelman and Dr. Gabriel Hazut for about a year). Years ago, in a shiur in my shul, I did know about Persians doing 3 things with their clothes on. They opened the shiur to woman after that!
Sharon Mink
Haifa, Israel
I started to listen to Michelle’s podcasts four years ago. The minute I started I was hooked. I’m so excited to learn the entire Talmud, and think I will continue always. I chose the quote “while a woman is engaged in conversation she also holds the spindle”. (Megillah 14b). It reminds me of all of the amazing women I learn with every day who multi-task, think ahead and accomplish so much.
Julie Mendelsohn
Zichron Yakov, Israel
After enthusing to my friend Ruth Kahan about how much I had enjoyed remote Jewish learning during the earlier part of the pandemic, she challenged me to join her in learning the daf yomi cycle. I had always wanted to do daf yomi but now had no excuse. The beginning was particularly hard as I had never studied Talmud but has become easier, as I have gained some familiarity with it.
Susan Vishner
Brookline, United States
I started learning after the siyum hashas for women and my daily learning has been a constant over the last two years. It grounded me during the chaos of Corona while providing me with a community of fellow learners. The Daf can be challenging but it’s filled with life’s lessons, struggles and hope for a better world. It’s not about the destination but rather about the journey. Thank you Hadran!
Dena Lehrman
אפרת, Israel
My husband learns Daf, my son learns Daf, my son-in-law learns Daf.
When I read about Hadran’s Siyyum HaShas 2 years ago, I thought- I can learn Daf too!
I had learned Gemara in Hillel HS in NJ, & I remembered loving it.
Rabbanit Michelle & Hadran have opened my eyes & expanding my learning so much in the past few years. We can now discuss Gemara as a family.
This was a life saver during Covid
Renee Braha
Brooklyn, NY, United States
I started Daf during the pandemic. I listened to a number of podcasts by various Rebbeim until one day, I discovered Rabbanit Farbers podcast. Subsequently I joined the Hadran family in Eruvin. Not the easiest place to begin, Rabbanit Farber made it all understandable and fun. The online live group has bonded together and have really become a supportive, encouraging family.
Leah Goldford
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
I started learning at the beginning of this Daf Yomi cycle because I heard a lot about the previous cycle coming to an end and thought it would be a good thing to start doing. My husband had already bought several of the Koren Talmud Bavli books and they were just sitting on the shelf, not being used, so here was an opportunity to start using them and find out exactly what was in them. Loving it!
Caroline Levison
Borehamwood, United Kingdom
A friend mentioned that she was starting Daf Yomi in January 2020. I had heard of it and thought, why not? I decided to try it – go day by day and not think about the seven plus year commitment. Fast forward today, over two years in and I can’t imagine my life without Daf Yomi. It’s part of my morning ritual. If I have a busy day ahead of me I set my alarm to get up early to finish the day’s daf
Debbie Fitzerman
Ontario, Canada
A few years back, after reading Ilana Kurshan’s book, “If All The Seas Were Ink,” I began pondering the crazy, outlandish idea of beginning the Daf Yomi cycle. Beginning in December, 2019, a month before the previous cycle ended, I “auditioned” 30 different podcasts in 30 days, and ultimately chose to take the plunge with Hadran and Rabbanit Michelle. Such joy!
Cindy Dolgin
HUNTINGTON, United States
It’s hard to believe it has been over two years. Daf yomi has changed my life in so many ways and has been sustaining during this global sea change. Each day means learning something new, digging a little deeper, adding another lens, seeing worlds with new eyes. Daf has also fostered new friendships and deepened childhood connections, as long time friends have unexpectedly become havruta.
Joanna Rom
Northwest Washington, United States
I had dreamed of doing daf yomi since I had my first serious Talmud class 18 years ago at Pardes with Rahel Berkovitz, and then a couple of summers with Leah Rosenthal. There is no way I would be able to do it without another wonderful teacher, Michelle, and the Hadran organization. I wake up and am excited to start each day with the next daf.
Beth Elster
Irvine, United States
I began learning with Rabbanit Michelle’s wonderful Talmud Skills class on Pesachim, which really enriched my Pesach seder, and I have been learning Daf Yomi off and on over the past year. Because I’m relatively new at this, there is a “chiddush” for me every time I learn, and the knowledge and insights of the group members add so much to my experience. I feel very lucky to be a part of this.
Julie Landau
Karmiel, Israel
Having never learned Talmud before, I started Daf Yomi in hopes of connecting to the Rabbinic tradition, sharing a daily idea on Instagram (@dafyomiadventures). With Hadran and Sefaria, I slowly gained confidence in my skills and understanding. Now, part of the Pardes Jewish Educators Program, I can’t wait to bring this love of learning with me as I continue to pass it on to my future students.
Hannah Greenberg
Pennsylvania, United States
At almost 70 I am just beginning my journey with Talmud and Hadran. I began not late, but right when I was called to learn. It is never too late to begin! The understanding patience of staff and participants with more experience and knowledge has been fabulous. The joy of learning never stops and for me. It is a new life, a new light, a new depth of love of The Holy One, Blessed be He.
Deborah Hoffman-Wade
Richmond, CA, United States
I started my journey on the day I realized that the Siyum was happening in Yerushalayim and I was missing out. What? I told myself. How could I have not known about this? How can I have missed out on this opportunity? I decided that moment, I would start Daf Yomi and Nach Yomi the very next day. I am so grateful to Hadran. I am changed forever because I learn Gemara with women. Thank you.
Linda Brownstein
Mitspe, Israel
When I started studying Hebrew at Brown University’s Hillel, I had no idea that almost 38 years later, I’m doing Daf Yomi. My Shabbat haburah is led by Rabbanit Leah Sarna. The women are a hoot. I’m tracking the completion of each tractate by reading Ilana Kurshan’s memoir, If All the Seas Were Ink.
Hannah Lee
Pennsylvania, United States
When we heard that R. Michelle was starting daf yomi, my 11-year-old suggested that I go. Little did she know that she would lose me every morning from then on. I remember standing at the Farbers’ door, almost too shy to enter. After that first class, I said that I would come the next day but couldn’t commit to more. A decade later, I still look forward to learning from R. Michelle every morning.
Ruth Leah Kahan
Ra’anana, Israel
Ketubot 47
מִשּׁוּם אֵיבָה.
The Gemara explains: The reason is due to enmity, so that he should not bear a grudge against her for finding articles and withholding them from him, which might lead him to become reluctant to provide her with sustenance.
בְּמַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ. מְנָלַן? דְּאָמַר רַב הוּנָא אָמַר רַב: מִנַּיִן שֶׁמַּעֲשֵׂה הַבַּת לָאָב, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״וְכִי יִמְכּוֹר אִישׁ אֶת בִּתּוֹ לְאָמָה״, מָה אָמָה מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ לְרַבָּהּ — אַף בַּת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ לְאָבִיהָ. וְאֵימָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי קְטַנָּה, דְּמָצֵי מְזַבֵּן לַהּ, אֲבָל נַעֲרָה, דְּלָא מָצֵי מְזַבֵּן לַהּ — מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ דִּידַהּ הָווּ!
§ The mishna further taught that a father is entitled to his daughter’s earnings. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? The Gemara answers: As Rav Huna said that Rav said: From where is it derived that the earnings of a daughter belong to her father? As it is stated: “And if a man sell his daughter to be a maidservant” (Exodus 21:7), which indicates that just as with regard to a maidservant, her earnings belong to her master, as she was sold for this purpose, so too with regard to a daughter, her earnings go to her father. The Gemara asks: But one can say that this applies only to a minor, as a father can sell her as a maidservant. However, with regard to a young woman, whom he cannot sell, perhaps her earnings should belong to her.
מִסְתַּבְּרָא דְּאָבִיהָ הָווּ, דְּאִי סָלְקָא דַעְתָּךְ מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ לָאו דְּאָבִיהָ, אֶלָּא הָא דְּזַכִּי לֵיהּ רַחֲמָנָא לְאָב לְמִימְסְרַהּ לְחוּפָּה, הֵיכִי מָצֵי מָסַר לַהּ? הָא קָמְבַטֵּל לַהּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ.
The Gemara responds: It is reasonable that her earnings should go to her father, as, if it should enter your mind to say that her earnings do not belong to her father, what about the fact that the Merciful One entitles a father to bring his daughter, when she is a young woman, to the wedding canopy? How can he bring her to the wedding canopy? Doesn’t he thereby cause her to neglect her earnings at that time, as she cannot work while getting married? If she has the rights to her own earnings, she can object on these grounds.
פָּרֵיךְ רַב אַחַאי: אֵימָא דְּיָהֵיב לַהּ שְׂכַר פְּקַעְתַּהּ. אִי נָמֵי דִּמְסַר לָהּ בְּלֵילְיָא. אִי נָמֵי דִּמְסַר לַהּ בְּשַׁבָּתוֹת וְיָמִים טוֹבִים.
Rav Aḥai refutes this claim: Say that when he brings her to the wedding canopy, he gives her the wages she neglects by taking a break from her work, and therefore the above objection does not apply. Alternatively, it is referring to a case where he brought her to the wedding canopy at night, when she does not work. Alternatively, it means that he brought her to the wedding canopy on Shabbatot or Festivals, when it is prohibited to work.
אֶלָּא: קְטַנָּה לָא צְרִיכָא קְרָא — הַשְׁתָּא זַבּוֹנֵי מְזַבֵּין לַהּ, מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ מִיבְּעֵי?! [אֶלָּא] כִּי אִיצְטְרִיךְ קְרָא, לְנַעֲרָה.
Rather, the Gemara reverts to the original exposition based upon the case of a Hebrew maidservant, and argues that with regard to a minor, it is not necessary to derive from a verse that her father is entitled to her earnings, for the following reason: Now, if her father has the right to sell her as a maidservant, is it necessary to state that her earnings belong to him? Rather, when the verse was necessary, it was to teach that the earnings of a young woman also belong to her father.
בַּהֲפָרַת נְדָרֶיהָ. מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״בִּנְעוּרֶיהָ בֵּית אָבִיהָ״.
§ The mishna taught that a father is entitled to effect the nullification of his daughter’s vows. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? The Gemara answers that it is written: “Being in her youth, in her father’s house” (Numbers 30:17), and the Torah proceeds to explain that during this period a father can nullify his daughter’s vows.
וּמְקַבֵּל אֶת גִּיטָּהּ. מְנָלַן? דִּכְתִיב: ״וְיָצְאָה … וְהָיְתָה״, אִיתַּקּוּשׁ יְצִיאָה לַהֲוָיָיהּ.
The mishna further taught: And he accepts her bill of divorce on her behalf. The Gemara asks: From where do we derive this? The Gemara answers that it is written: “And she departs out of his house and goes and becomes another man’s wife” (Deuteronomy 24:2). This verse juxtaposes departing a marriage and becoming a wife, which teaches that the halakhot of betrothal apply to her departing her husband’s home via a bill of divorce. Consequently, just as a father has the right to accept betrothal on his daughter’s behalf, he can also receive a bill of divorce on her behalf.
וְאֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת בְּחַיֶּיהָ. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: הָאָב אֵינוֹ אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת בְּחַיֵּי בִתּוֹ. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר: הָאָב אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת בְּחַיֵּי בִתּוֹ. בְּמַאי קָמִיפַּלְגִי? תַּנָּא קַמָּא סָבַר: בִּשְׁלָמָא בַּעַל, תַּקִּינוּ לֵיה רַבָּנַן פֵּירֵי, דְּאִם כֵּן מִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק,
§ The mishna taught that a father may not consume the produce of his daughter’s property during her lifetime. The Sages taught in a baraita: A father may not consume the produce of his daughter’s property during his daughter’s lifetime. Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, says: A father may consume this produce during his daughter’s lifetime. The Gemara asks: With regard to what principle do they disagree? The Gemara explains that the first tanna holds: Granted, in the case of a husband, the Sages decreed for him that he should consume her produce, as if this were not so, he would refrain from redeeming her if she were captured. The right of a husband to consume the produce of his wife’s property was instituted in order to correspond to his obligation to redeem his wife from captivity.
אֶלָּא אָב, מַאי אִיכָּא לְמֵימַר — דְּמִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק? בְּלָאו הָכִי פָּרֵיק לַהּ! וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי יְהוּדָה סָבַר: אָב נָמֵי מִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק. סָבַר: כִּיסָא נְקִיטָא עִילָּוַהּ, תֵּיזִיל וְתִפְרוֹק נַפְשַׁהּ.
However, in the case of a father, what is there to say? That he will refrain from redeeming her? Even without this right to the produce of her property he will redeem her, as she is his daughter and he will certainly not turn a blind eye to his own flesh and blood. And Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Yehuda, holds: If he is deprived of the right to the produce of his daughter’s property, a father will also refrain from redeeming her, as he will reason: A pouch of money is held in her hand for a time of need, so let her go and redeem herself.
נִיסֵּת, יָתֵר עָלָיו הַבַּעַל שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל כּוּ׳. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: כָּתַב לָהּ פֵּירוֹת, כְּסוּת וְכֵלִים שֶׁיָּבוֹאוּ עִמָּהּ מִבֵּית אָבִיהָ לְבֵית בַּעְלָהּ — מֵתָה, לֹא זָכָה הַבַּעַל בִּדְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ. מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי נָתָן אָמְרוּ: זָכָה הַבַּעַל בִּדְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ.
§ The mishna further taught that if the daughter married, the husband has more rights than her father, as he consumes the produce of her property. The Sages taught in a baraita: If the father wrote for her in her marriage contract that he was providing produce, clothing, and vessels that would come with her as a dowry from her father’s house to her husband’s house, and she died during the betrothal period, the husband does not have the right to these objects. They said in the name of Rabbi Natan: The husband does have the right to these objects.
לֵימָא בִּפְלוּגְתָּא דְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה וְרַבָּנַן קָמִיפַּלְגִי, דִּתְנַן: נִתְאַרְמְלָה אוֹ נִתְגָּרְשָׁה, בֵּין מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין בֵּין מִן הָאֵירוּסִין — גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אוֹמֵר: מִן הַנִּשּׂוּאִין — גּוֹבָה אֶת הַכֹּל, וּמִן הָאֵירוּסִין — בְּתוּלָה גּוֹבָה מָאתַיִם, וְאַלְמָנָה מָנֶה,
The Gemara suggests: Let us say that the dispute of these tanna’im is parallel to the dispute between Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya and the Rabbis. As we learned in a mishna (54b): If a woman was widowed or divorced, whether from marriage or from betrothal, she collects the entire sum specified in her marriage contract, including any extra amount her husband added to the standard sum required by the Sages. Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya says: If she was widowed or divorced from marriage, she collects the entire amount. But if she was widowed or divorced from betrothal, she is entitled to collect only the standard minimum sum required by the Sages: If she was betrothed as a virgin she collects two hundred dinars, and if she was a widow she is entitled to one hundred dinars.
שֶׁלֹּא כָּתַב לָהּ אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת לְכוֹנְסָהּ. לְמַאן דְּאָמַר לֹא זָכָה — כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה. וּמַאן דְּאָמַר זָכָה — כְּרַבָּנַן.
The reason is that he wrote that she would be entitled to the additional amount only on the condition that he would marry her, and since he did not marry her, she is not entitled to the extra amount. The Gemara compares the respective opinions: The one who says that the husband does not have the right to her dowry holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, and therefore he rules that just as a husband guarantees his wife an extra sum in her marriage contract only if they actually get married, the wife’s father also gives the dowry only on the condition that the couple marries. And the one who said that the husband does have the right to her dowry holds in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, because the document is fully in effect even before marriage.
לָא, דְּכוּלֵּי עָלְמָא כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה. מַאן דְּאָמַר לֹא זָכָה — כְּרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה, וּמַאן דְּאָמַר זָכָה — עַד כָּאן לָא קָאָמַר רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה אֶלָּא מִדִּידֵיהּ לְדִידַהּ, שֶׁלֹּא כָּתַב לָהּ אֶלָּא עַל מְנָת לְכוֹנְסָהּ.
The Gemara refutes this suggestion: No, everyone agrees that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, and the explanation is as follows: The one who said that he does not have the right to the dowry clearly holds in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya, as stated above; and the one who says the husband does have the right to her dowry would distinguish between the two cases: Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya states that the marriage contract is not fully in effect until marriage only with regard to a bestowal from him to her, i.e., the extra sum that the husband adds to her marriage contract, as he wrote it for her only on the condition that he would marry her, and he did not intend to give her anything before she became his wife.
אֲבָל מִדִּידַהּ לְדִידֵיהּ אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בֶּן עֲזַרְיָה מוֹדֵי, דְּמִשּׁוּם אִיחַתּוֹנֵי הוּא, וְהָא אִיחַתַּנֻי לְהוּ.
However, with regard to that which is given from her father to him, i.e., the dowry, even Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya concedes that the husband is entitled to this money, as the gift of a father is due to marriage, i.e., he wants the families to be joined in matrimony, and they have already become linked in marriage. The dowry given by the father has nothing to do with the transition from betrothal to actual marriage.
חַיָּיב בִּמְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ וְכוּ׳. תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: תִּיקְּנוּ מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ תַּחַת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּקְבוּרָתָהּ תַּחַת כְּתוּבָּתָהּ, לְפִיכָךְ בַּעַל אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת.
§ The mishna teaches that a husband is obligated to provide his wife with sustenance, redemption from captivity, and burial. The Sages taught in a baraita: The Rabbis instituted that a husband must provide his wife with her sustenance in exchange for his rights to her earnings, and similarly they decreed that a husband must tend to her burial in exchange for the fact that he inherits the dowry that she brought into the marriage and which is written in her marriage contract. Consequently, the husband may consume the produce of her property.
פֵּירוֹת מַאן דְּכַר שְׁמַיְיהוּ?! חַסּוֹרֵי מְחַסְּרָא, וְהָכִי קָתָנֵי: תִּיקְּנוּ מְזוֹנוֹתֶיהָ תַּחַת מַעֲשֵׂה יָדֶיהָ, וּפִירְקוֹנָהּ תַּחַת פֵּירוֹת, וּקְבוּרָתָהּ תַּחַת כְּתוּבָּתָהּ. לְפִיכָךְ בַּעַל אוֹכֵל פֵּירוֹת.
The Gemara expresses surprise at this last statement: Produce, who mentioned anything about that? The baraita did not previously mention produce at all, so how did it arrive at a halakhic conclusion with regard to produce? The Gemara explains that the baraita is incomplete, and this is what it is teaching: They instituted that a husband must provide his wife with her sustenance in exchange for his rights to her earnings; and it is his duty to provide her with redemption from captivity in exchange for his right to consume the produce of her property; and it is his obligation to attend to her burial in exchange for the fact that he inherits the dowry that she brought into the marriage and which is written in her marriage contract. Consequently, a husband may consume the produce of her property.
מַאי ״לְפִיכָךְ״?
Although the Gemara has explained how the tanna came to speak about produce, the wording of the baraita remains problematic. What is the significance of the word consequently in this context?
מַהוּ דְּתֵימָא: מֵיכָל לָא נֵכְלִינְהוּ, אַנּוֹחֵי נַנְּחִינְהוּ. דְּאִם כֵּן, מִימְּנַע וְלָא פָּרֵיק, קָא מַשְׁמַע לַן דְּהָא עֲדִיפָא. זִימְנִין דְּלָא מָלוּ, וּפָרֵיק לַהּ מִדִּידֵיהּ.
The Gemara explains: Lest you say that the husband should not consume the produce but leave it so that if he requires funds to redeem his wife he will have them available, as, if he is not compelled to do so he will refrain from redeeming her, as he will be unwilling to spend his own money for that purpose; the tanna therefore teaches us that this arrangement is preferable, because sometimes the produce will not amount to the funds necessary to redeem her from captivity, and he would not redeem her if he was expected to use the funds produced by her property. Consequently, the Sages decreed that he consumes the produce immediately and that he must redeem her from his own funds if she is taken into captivity.
וְאֵיפוֹךְ אֲנָא!
After analyzing the language of the baraita, the Gemara turns its attention to the halakha itself. But I can reverse these connections; why does the baraita say that a husband’s obligation to provide his wife with sustenance was instituted in exchange for his right to her earnings, as opposed to another of his rights, e.g., his right to consume the produce of her property?
אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: תִּיקְּנוּ מָצוּי לְמָצוּי, וְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מָצוּי לְשֶׁאֵינוֹ מָצוּי.
Abaye said: The Sages instituted a common obligation in exchange for a common right, and they instituted an uncommon obligation in exchange for an uncommon right. In other words, the Sages instituted a husband’s obligation to provide his wife with sustenance, which is relevant on a regular basis, in exchange for his right to her earnings, which also applies regularly. The other obligations and rights of a husband are relevant less frequently.
אָמַר רָבָא: הַאי תַּנָּא סָבַר מְזוֹנוֹת מִדְּאוֹרָיְיתָא, דְּתַנְיָא: ״שְׁאֵרָהּ״ — אֵלּוּ מְזוֹנוֹת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וַאֲשֶׁר אָכְלוּ שְׁאֵר עַמִּי״. ״כְּסוּתָהּ״ — כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. ״עוֹנָתָהּ״ — זוֹ עוֹנָה הָאֲמוּרָה בַּתּוֹרָה, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״אִם תְּעַנֶּה אֶת בְּנוֹתַי״.
§ Rava said: This tanna, in the baraita cited below, maintains that the obligation of a husband to provide his wife’s sustenance applies by Torah law, as it is taught with regard to the verse pertaining to a husband’s obligations toward his wife: “If he takes another wife for himself, her food [she’era], her clothing [kesuta], and her conjugal rights [onata], he shall not diminish” (Exodus 21:10). “She’era”; this is sustenance, and it likewise states: “Who also eat the flesh [she’er] of my people” (Micah 3:3). “Kesuta” is understood in its literal sense as referring to clothing. “Onata”; this is her conjugal rights, which is stated in the Torah, and so it says: “If you shall afflict [te’aneh] my daughters” (Genesis 31:50), which indicates that a husband may not deprive his wife of her conjugal rights.
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר אוֹמֵר: ״שְׁאֵרָהּ״ — זוֹ עוֹנָה. וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״אִישׁ אִישׁ אֶל כׇּל שְׁאֵר בְּשָׂרוֹ לֹא תִקְרְבוּ לְגַלּוֹת עֶרְוָה״. ״כְּסוּתָהּ״ — כְּמַשְׁמָעוֹ. ״עוֹנָתָהּ״ — אֵלּוּ מְזוֹנוֹת, וְכֵן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וַיְעַנְּךָ וְיַרְעִיבֶךָ״.
The baraita continues: Rabbi Elazar says: “She’era”; this is her conjugal rights, and so it says: “None of you shall approach to any who is near [she’er] of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness” (Leviticus 18:6), which demonstrates that the word she’er is used in the context of sexual relations. “Kesuta” is understood in its literal sense as referring to clothing. “Onata”; this is sustenance, and so it says: “And He afflicted you [vayanekha], and made you suffer hunger, and fed you with manna” (Deuteronomy 8:3).
Follow
