This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
Summary
A debate exists between a braita and Rav regarding communal peace offerings brought on Shavuot for the sake of rams instead of sheep; the braita deems the sacrifice ineffective, while Rav holds it is. Rav Chisda and Raba disagree on the specific nature of this case. Their dispute centers on whether the laws of “intent for the wrong sacrifice” apply when a kohen mistakenly misidentifies the animal’s original purpose.
Two objections, one from Mishna Gittin 54a and one from a braita, are raised against Raba’s position that a sacrifice offered for the wrong purpose by mistake remains valid. In both instances, the Gemara resolves the objections.
The Mishna explains that the daily tamid and the special mussaf sacrifices of Shabbat and festivals do not preclude one another. However, the precise meaning of the Mishna is initially unclear.
The Gemara introduces a question posed by Rabbi Chiya bar Avin to Rav Chisda: if only one animal is available, should it be used for today’s mussaf or saved for tomorrow’s tamid?
Initially, our Mishna is cited to prove that there is no specific preference between the two, but this proof is rejected as inconclusive. A different source is brought to resolve the question, but it is also dismissed, as the Gemara determines it refers to a case irrelevant to the current discussion.
Today’s daily daf tools:
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This month’s learning is sponsored by Adam, Carolyn, Michal, Josh, Benny, Izzy, Gali, Shim, Zoe, Zachy and Yehuda in loving memory of Fred Hochstadter, Ephraim ben Kayla veBaruch on his 18th yahrzeit on ח׳ אלול. “We continue to be inspired by his dedication to daily learning, from the Daf and beyond, to its surrounding philosophical, historical and legal nuances. We miss him greatly and can only strive to emulate his wise, kind and elegant ways.”
This week’s learning is sponsored for the merit and safety of Haymanut (Emuna) Kasau, who was 9 years old when she disappeared from her home in Tzfat two years ago, on the 16th of Adar, 5784 (February 25, 2024), and whose whereabouts remain unknown.
Today’s daf is sponsored by Adam Plunka in honor of the yahrzeit of Moshe ben David Rav Moshe Feinstein.
Today’s daf is sponsored by the Hadran Zoom learners as a zechut for the Jewish nation, our chayalim, and for the freedom of the Iranian people. May we safely and securely merit to ונהפוך הוא עד שישלטו היהודים המה בשונאיהם.
Menachot 49
תְּנָא אַ״זֹּאת תּוֹרַת הָעֹלָה״ רִיבָּה סְמִיךְ לֵיהּ.
The Gemara answers: The tanna of that baraita relies on the phrase: “This is the law of the burnt offering [ha’ola]: It is that which goes up on its firewood upon the altar all night unto the morning” (Leviticus 6:2), a seemingly superfluous general phrase which is interpreted homiletically to include the halakha that any item that ascends [ola] upon the altar shall not descend from it, even if it was disqualified. The verse is the actual source for the halakha of the baraita, whereas the case of a private altar is cited merely in support of this ruling. Accordingly, the baraita does not contradict the opinion of Rav Shimi bar Ashi.
תָּנֵי רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חַנָּה קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב: כִּבְשֵׂי עֲצֶרֶת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשׁוּם אֵילִים – כְּשֵׁרִין, וְלֹא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשׁוּם חוֹבָה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב: עָלוּ וְעָלוּ.
§ The Gemara cites another discussion concerning the sheep of Shavuot. Rabba bar bar Ḥana taught a baraita before Rav: In a case of the two sheep of Shavuot where one slaughtered them for the sake of rams and not for their own sake, they are valid offerings, but they do not satisfy the obligation of the owner, i.e., the community, to sacrifice these offerings. Rav said to Rabba bar bar Ḥana: That is not so; rather, the sheep certainly satisfy the obligation of the community.
אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: מִסְתַּבְּרָא מִילְּתֵיהּ דְּרַב בִּכְסָבוּר אֵילִים, וּשְׁחָטָן לְשׁוּם כְּבָשִׂים, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָשִׂים לְשׁוּם כְּבָשִׂים נִשְׁחֲטוּ.
Rav Ḥisda said: The statement of Rav is reasonable in a case where one thought that they were rams when he slaughtered them, and nevertheless slaughtered them for the sake of lambs. In such a case, it makes sense that they satisfy the community’s obligation since the lambs were slaughtered for the sake of lambs.
אֲבָל כְּסָבוּר אֵילִים, וּשְׁחָטָן לְשׁוּם אֵילִים – לָא. עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה; וְרַבָּה אָמַר: עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת לָא הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה.
But in a case where he thought that they were rams when he slaughtered them, and therefore slaughtered them for the sake of rams, they do not satisfy the community’s obligation, even though they were actually lambs. This is due to the fact that the erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering constitutes uprooting, despite the fact that it was done in error. But Rabba said: The erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering does not constitute uprooting.
אָמַר רָבָא: וּמוֹתְבִינַן אַשְּׁמַעְתִּין, הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּיגְּלוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִין – חַיָּיבִין, הָא שׁוֹגְגִין – פְּטוּרִין, וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ: פִּיגּוּלָן פִּיגּוּל.
Rava said: We raise an objection to our own ruling concerning this halakha from that which was taught in a mishna (Gittin 54a): In a case of priests who disqualified an offering through improper intention in the Temple, by expressing, while sacrificing the offering, the intention to eat it after the appropriate time, if they did so intentionally, they are liable to pay the value of the offering to its owner, who must now bring another offering. It follows, therefore, that if the priests did so unintentionally they are exempt. And it is taught concerning this case in a baraita: Even though they slaughtered it with improper intent unintentionally, their act of improper intention renders the offering piggul, despite the fact that they are exempt from paying damages.
הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּיָדַע דְּחַטָּאת הִיא, וְקָא מְחַשֵּׁב בַּהּ לְשׁוּם שְׁלָמִים – הַאי שׁוֹגְגִין?! מְזִידִין הָווּ!
What are the circumstances in which this is the halakha? If we say that it is referring to a case where the priest knew that the offering was a sin offering, which is eaten for only one day and one night, and nevertheless he intended the offering to be for the sake of a peace offering, which is eaten for two days and one night, and thereby his intention was that it be eaten after its appropriate time, is this considered an unintentional act by the priests? Certainly they were acting intentionally.
אֶלָּא לָאו דִּכְסָבוּר שְׁלָמִים הוּא, וְקָא מְחַשֵּׁב בַּהּ לְשׁוּם שְׁלָמִים, וְקָתָנֵי: פִּיגּוּלָן פִּיגּוּל, אַלְמָא עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה.
Rather, is it not referring to a case where the offering was a sin offering, which is eaten for only one day and one night, and the priest thought that it was a peace offering and therefore he intended the offering to be for the sake of a peace offering, which is eaten for two days and one night, and thereby his intention was that it be eaten after its appropriate time? And with regard to this case the tanna taught: Their act of improper intention renders the offering piggul. Apparently, this proves that the erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering constitutes uprooting, contrary to the ruling of Rabba.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לְעוֹלָם דְּיָדַע דְּחַטָּאת הִיא, וְקָא מְחַשֵּׁב בַּהּ לְשׁוּם שְׁלָמִים, וּבְאוֹמֵר ״מוּתָּר״.
Abaye said to Rava: There is no objection from this baraita, because actually it is referring to a case where the priest knew that it was a sin offering and nevertheless he intended the offering to be for the sake of a peace offering, and his uprooting was done intentionally. Nevertheless, the baraita refers to the priests as acting unintentionally because it is referring to circumstances where the priest says, i.e., he mistakenly thinks, that it is permitted to sacrifice the offering with this intent.
מֵתִיב רַבִּי זֵירָא: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כׇּל מְנָחוֹת שֶׁנִּקְמְצוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן – כְּשֵׁרוֹת, וְעָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשׁוּם חוֹבָה.
Rabbi Zeira raises an objection to Rabba’s opinion that erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering does not constitute uprooting. A baraita teaches that Rabbi Shimon says: All meal offerings from which the handful was removed not for their sake are entirely valid, and have even satisfied the obligation of the owner, unlike animal offerings slaughtered not for their sake, which do not satisfy the obligation of the owner.
שֶׁאֵין הַמְּנָחוֹת דּוֹמוֹת לַזְּבָחִים, שֶׁהַקּוֹמֵץ מַחֲבַת לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת – מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ שֶׁהִיא מַחֲבַת, חֲרֵבָה לְשׁוּם בְּלוּלָה – מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ שֶׁהִיא חֲרֵבָה.
This is because meal offerings are not similar to animal offerings. As, in the case of one who removes a handful from a meal offering prepared in a shallow pan for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan, its mode of preparation proves that it is a shallow-pan meal offering and not a deep-pan meal offering. Since a meal offering prepared in a shallow pan is hard and one prepared in a deep pan is soft, his intention is plainly false. Similarly, if one removes a handful from a dry meal offering, the meal offering of a sinner, which has no oil, for the sake of a meal offering mixed with oil, his intention is plainly false, as its mode of preparation proves that it is a dry meal offering.
אֲבָל בִּזְבָחִים אֵינוֹ כֵּן, שְׁחִיטָה אַחַת לְכוּלָּן, קַבָּלָה אַחַת לְכוּלָּן, זְרִיקָה אַחַת לְכוּלָּן.
But with regard to animal offerings this is not so. There is one mode of slaughter for all of the offerings, one mode of collection of the blood for all of them, and one mode of sprinkling for all of them. Since the only factor that distinguishes between one type of offering and another is the intention of the individuals involved in its sacrifice, their intention is significant. Consequently, if one of the sacrificial rites is performed for the sake of the wrong type of offering, the offering does not satisfy its owner’s obligation.
הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּיָדַע דְּמַחֲבַת הִיא, וְקָא קָמֵיץ לָהּ לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת – כִּי מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין, מַאי הָוֵי? הָא מִיעְקָר קָא עָקַיר לַהּ!
The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances to which Rabbi Shimon is referring? If we say that he is referring to a case where the priest knew that the meal offering was prepared in a shallow pan, and nevertheless he removed a handful from it for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan, then although its mode of preparation proves that it was prepared in a shallow pan, what of it? In any case he is consciously uprooting its status as a shallow-pan meal offering, changing it to a deep-pan meal offering by means of his intention when he removes the handful.
אֶלָּא לָאו דִּכְסָבוּר מַרְחֶשֶׁת הִיא, וְקָא קָמֵיץ לָהּ לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת, וּטְעָה, דְּהָכָא הוּא דְּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ, הָא בְּעָלְמָא עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה.
Rather, is it not referring to a case where the priest thought it was a meal offering prepared in a deep pan and therefore removed a handful for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan, but he was mistaken, as it was actually a meal offering prepared in a shallow pan? It is specifically here, in this case, that Rabbi Shimon rules that the offering remains valid, since its mode of preparation proves that it is a shallow-pan meal offering, which indicates that in general, erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering constitutes uprooting, contrary the ruling of Rabba.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לְעוֹלָם דְּיָדַע דְּמַחֲבַת הִיא, וְקָא קָמֵיץ לַהּ לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת.
Abaye said to Rabbi Zeira, in response to his objection: This objection to Rabba’s opinion is inconclusive, because one can explain that the baraita is actually referring to a case where the priest knew that the meal offering was prepared in a shallow pan, and nevertheless he removed a handful for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan.
וּדְקָא אָמְרַתְּ: כִּי מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ מַאי הָוֵי? רָבָא לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: מַחְשָׁבָה דְּלָא מִינַּכְרָא – פְּסַל רַחֲמָנָא, מַחְשָׁבָה דְּמִינַּכְרָא – לָא פְּסַל רַחֲמָנָא.
And with regard to that which you said in your question: Although its mode of preparation proves that it is prepared in a shallow pan, what of it, i.e., since he is consciously uprooting its identity, how can it satisfy its owner’s obligation? Abaye answers that Rava conforms to his line of reasoning, as Rava says: The Merciful One disqualifies an offering due to improper intent that is not recognizably false, i.e., when the physical properties of the offering itself do not prove that the intent is mistaken. The Merciful One does not disqualify an offering due to improper intent that is recognizably false. Consequently, if one removes a handful from a shallow-pan meal offering for the sake of a deep-pan meal offering, even if he did so consciously, the offering remains valid and satisfies the owner’s obligation.
מַתְנִי׳ הַתְּמִידִין אֵין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַמּוּסָפִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַתְּמִידִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. לֹא הִקְרִיבוּ כֶּבֶשׂ בַּבּוֹקֶר – יַקְרִיבוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
MISHNA: Failure to sacrifice the daily offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the additional offerings, and likewise, failure to sacrifice the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the daily offerings. And failure to sacrifice some of the additional offerings on a day when more than one is sacrificed, e.g., if it was both Shabbat and the New Moon, does not prevent sacrifice of the other additional offerings. If the priests did not sacrifice a lamb in the morning as the daily offering, nevertheless, they should sacrifice a lamb in the afternoon as the daily offering, as failure to sacrifice one daily offering does not prevent sacrifice of the other. In all of these cases, if they failed to sacrifice one offering, they should still sacrifice the other.
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אֵימָתַי? בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָיוּ אֲנוּסִין אוֹ שׁוֹגְגִין, אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ מְזִידִין וְלֹא הִקְרִיבוּ כֶּבֶשׂ בַּבּוֹקֶר – לֹא יַקְרִיבוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
Rabbi Shimon said: When does this halakha apply? It applies at a time when the failure to sacrifice the daily morning offering was because they were prevented from sacrificing it due to circumstances beyond their control or they failed to sacrifice it unwittingly. But if the priests acted intentionally and did not sacrifice a lamb in the morning as the daily offering, they should not sacrifice a lamb in the afternoon as the daily offering.
לֹא הִקְטִירוּ קְטוֹרֶת בַּבּוֹקֶר – יַקְטִירוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
Incense was burned twice a day, half a measure in the morning and half a measure in the afternoon. If they did not burn the half-measure of incense in the morning, they should burn the half-measure in the afternoon.
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: וְכוּלָּהּ הָיְתָה קְרֵיבָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, שֶׁאֵין מְחַנְּכִין אֶת מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב אֶלָּא בִּקְטוֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים, וְלֹא מִזְבַּח הָעוֹלָה אֶלָּא בְּתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוּלְחָן אֶלָּא בְּלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים בְּשַׁבָּת, וְלֹא אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה אֶלָּא בְּשִׁבְעָה נֵרוֹתֶיהָ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
Rabbi Shimon said: And in such a case, the entire measure was sacrificed in the afternoon. The reason for the difference between the daily offerings and the incense is that the daily service on a new golden altar is initiated only with the burning of the incense of the spices in the afternoon, at which time they would burn a full measure. And the daily service on a new altar of the burnt offering, on which the daily offerings were sacrificed, is initiated only with the daily morning offering. And use of a new Table was initiated only with the arrangement of the shewbread on Shabbat, and use of a new Candelabrum was initiated only with the kindling of its seven lamps in the afternoon.
גְּמָ׳ בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אָבִין מֵרַב חִסְדָּא: צִיבּוּר שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן תְּמִידִין וּמוּסָפִין, אֵי זֶה מֵהֶן קוֹדֵם?
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the daily offerings and the additional offerings each do not prevent fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. Concerning this, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin raised a dilemma before Rav Ḥisda: In the case of a community that did not have the resources to sacrifice both the daily offerings and the additional offerings, which of them takes precedence over the other?
הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִילֵּימָא תְּמִידִין דְּיוֹמֵיהּ וּמוּסָפִין דְּיוֹמֵיהּ – פְּשִׁיטָא תְּמִידִין עֲדִיפִי, דְּהָווּ לְהוּ תָּדִיר וּמְקוּדָּשׁ!
The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances to which Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin is referring? If we say that he is referring to a case where the choice is between the daily offerings of that day and the additional offerings of that same day, it is obvious that the daily offerings are given preference, as the sacrifice of the daily offerings is more frequent than the sacrifice of the additional offerings, which are sacrificed only on special occasions, and the daily offerings are also sanctified.
אֶלָּא, תְּמִידִין דְּלִמְחַר וּמוּסָפִין דְּהָאִידָּנָא – תְּמִידִין עֲדִיפִי, שֶׁכֵּן תָּדִיר, אוֹ דִלְמָא מוּסָפִין עֲדִיפִי, דְּהָווּ לְהוּ מְקוּדָּשׁ?
Rather, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin must be referring to a case where they have enough animals for the daily offerings of today and also for either the daily offerings for tomorrow or the additional offerings for today. In such a case, are the daily offerings given preference since their sacrifice is more frequent? Or perhaps the additional offerings are given preference because they are considered more sanctified because they are sacrificed on a holy day.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ, תְּנֵיתוּהָ: הַתְּמִידִין אֵין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַמּוּסָפִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַתְּמִידִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה.
Rav Ḥisda said to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin: The resolution to this dilemma can be derived from that which you learned in the mishna: Failure to sacrifice the daily offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the additional offerings, and likewise, failure to sacrifice the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the daily offerings. And failure to sacrifice some of the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the other additional offerings.
הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּאִית לֵיהּ, וּלְקַדֵּם, וְהָתַנְיָא: מִנַּיִן שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא דָּבָר קוֹדֵם לְתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְעָרַךְ עָלֶיהָ הָעֹלָה״.
What are the circumstances to which the mishna is referring? If we say that it is referring to a case where the Temple treasury has all of the animals necessary for both offerings, and the only question is in terms of sacrificing one before the other, isn’t it taught in a baraita: From where is it derived that no sacrifice should precede the sacrifice of the daily offering of morning? The baraita continues: It is derived from that which the verse states: “And the fire upon the altar shall be kept burning thereby, it shall not go out; and the priest shall kindle wood on it every morning; and he shall lay the burnt offering in order on it, and shall cause the fats of the peace offering to go up in smoke upon it” (Leviticus 6:5).
וְאָמַר רָבָא: ״הָעֹלָה״ – עוֹלָה רִאשׁוֹנָה!
And Rava says in explanation of this derivation in the baraita that the term “the burnt offering,” with the definite article, is referring to the first burnt offering of the day, which is the daily offering. Consequently, one may not sacrifice the additional offerings before the daily offering.
אֶלָּא פְּשִׁיטָא דְּלֵית לֵיהּ! וְאִי דְּיוֹמֵיהּ, אַמַּאי? תָּדִיר וּמְקוּדָּשׁ – תָּדִיר עָדִיף!
Rather, it is obvious that the mishna is referring to a case where he does not have a sufficient number of animals for both offerings. And if it is referring to the offerings of that day, why does the mishna say that failure to sacrifice one does not prevent sacrifice of the other? Since the daily offering is more frequent and it is sanctified, and the additional offerings are sanctified but are less frequent than the daily offering, the frequent offering is given preference. Consequently, failure to sacrifice the daily offering should prevent the sacrifice of the additional offerings.
אֶלָּא לָאו דְּלִמְחַר, וְקָתָנֵי אֵין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה, אַלְמָא כִּי הֲדָדֵי נִינְהוּ.
Rather, is it not referring to a case where the Temple treasury does not have enough animals for both the additional offerings of today and the daily offering of tomorrow, and yet the mishna teaches that failure to sacrifice one does not prevent one from sacrificing the other? Evidently, they are equal and he may sacrifice whichever offering he chooses. This would resolve Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin’s dilemma.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לְעוֹלָם דְּאִית לְהוּ, וּלְקַדֵּם. וּדְקָא קַשְׁיָא לָךְ שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא דָּבָר קוֹדֵם – מִצְוָה בְּעָלְמָא הוּא.
Abaye said to Rav Ḥisda: That is not a valid resolution of the dilemma, as one can claim that actually, the mishna is referring to a case where they have enough animals for all the offerings, and the mishna is referring to the issue of sacrificing one before the other. And with regard to that which poses a difficulty for you based upon the baraita that states that no sacrifice should precede the sacrifice of the daily offering of the morning, that baraita is merely stating the mitzva ab initio.
תָּא שְׁמַע: אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשִּׁשָּׁה טְלָאִים הַמְבוּקָּרִין בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַטְּלָאִים, כְּדֵי לַשַּׁבָּת וְלִשְׁנֵי יָמִים טוֹבִים שֶׁל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה.
The Gemara suggests: Come and hear a resolution to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin’s dilemma based upon a mishna (Arakhin 13a): One maintains no fewer than six lambs that have been inspected and found to be unblemished in the Chamber of the Lambs, sufficient for Shabbat and for the two festival days of Rosh HaShana that in some years occur adjacent to it.
הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּאִית לֵיהּ תְּמִידִין וּמוּסָפִין – טוּבָא הֲווֹ!
The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances of this case? If we say that it is referring to a case where the Temple treasury has enough animals for all of the offerings that should be brought, six lambs are not enough, as there are many lambs sacrificed for daily offerings and additional offerings on those three days. In total, twenty-two lambs are required: Two each day for the daily offerings, two for the additional offering of Shabbat, seven for the additional offering of Rosh HaShana, and seven for the additional offering of the New Moon.
אֶלָּא לָאו דְּלֵית לֵיהּ, וּשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ תְּמִידִין עֲדִיפִי!
Rather, is it not that the mishna is referring to a case where the Temple treasury does not have enough animals for all of the offerings, and it is teaching that the animals that he does have are utilized for the daily offerings of all three days rather than for the additional offering of Shabbat on the first of the three days? Consequently, one may conclude from it that the daily offerings of tomorrow are given preference over the additional offerings of today.
לָא, לְעוֹלָם דְּאִית לֵיהּ, וְהָכִי קָא אָמַר: אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשִּׁשָּׁה טְלָאִים הַמְבוּקָּרִין בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַטְּלָאִים אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה, וּמַנִּי? בֶּן בַּג בַּג הִיא.
The Gemara replies: No, this is not a valid proof, as one can claim that actually, the mishna is referring to a case where the Temple treasury has enough animals for all of the offerings of the three days, and this is what the mishna is saying when it mentions six lambs: One maintains for use as daily offerings no fewer than six lambs that have been inspected and found to be unblemished in the Chamber of the Lambs four days prior to their slaughter. Lambs sacrificed as other offerings do not have to be inspected four days prior to being slaughtered. And in accordance with whose opinion is this mishna? It is in accordance with the opinion of ben Bag Bag.
דְּתַנְיָא, בֶּן בַּג בַּג אוֹמֵר: מִנַּיִן לְתָמִיד שֶׁטָּעוּן בִּיקּוּר אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ״, וּלְהַלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת עַד אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם״.
As it is taught in a baraita that ben Bag Bag says: From where is it derived that the daily offering requires inspection four days prior to its slaughter? The verse states with regard to the daily offering: “You shall observe [tishmeru] to sacrifice to Me in its due season” (Numbers 28:2), and elsewhere, with regard to the Paschal offering, the verse states: “On the tenth day of this month they shall take for them every man a lamb…and you shall keep it [mishmeret] until the fourteenth day of this month” (Exodus 12:3–6).
מָה לְהַלָּן טָעוּן בִּיקּוּר אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה, אַף כָּאן טָעוּן בִּיקּוּר אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה.
Consequently, it is derived by means of a verbal analogy that just as in the verse there, the Paschal offering requires inspection four days prior to its slaughter, from the tenth of the month to the fourteenth, so too here, the daily offering requires inspection four days prior to its slaughter. This is not a requirement that pertains to all offerings; it is stated specifically with regard to the Paschal offering and extended by means of a verbal analogy to the daily offering.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבִינָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: הָנֵי שִׁשָּׁה? שִׁבְעָה הָווּ, דְּהָא אִיכָּא דְּצַפְרָא דִּתְלָתָא בְּשַׁבְּתָא!
§ The Gemara cites a discussion pertaining to the mishna cited earlier. Ravina said to Rav Ashi: With regard to these six inspected lambs that must always be kept in the Chamber of Lambs, there ought to be seven, as there is a need for another lamb for the daily offering of the morning of the third day of the week, since it cannot be inspected on Shabbat or the subsequent festival days of Rosh HaShana, and therefore should be inspected and kept beforehand.
וּלְטַעְמָיךְ, תְּמָנְיָא הָווּ, דְּהָאִיכָּא דְּפַנְיָא דְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא!
Rav Ashi responded to Ravina: According to your reasoning the correct number is not seven, but rather it is eight; as there is also the daily offering of the afternoon of Shabbat eve that should also be counted.
הָא לָא קַשְׁיָא, דִּלְבָתַר דְּאַקְרֵיב קָאָמַר.
Ravina replied: That is not difficult, because the mishna is saying that after he sacrificed the daily offering of the afternoon there must be six inspected lambs.
Today’s daily daf tools:
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
I started learning Daf Yomi in January 2020 after watching my grandfather, Mayer Penstein z”l, finish shas with the previous cycle. My grandfather made learning so much fun was so proud that his grandchildren wanted to join him. I was also inspired by Ilana Kurshan’s book, If All the Seas Were Ink. Two years in, I can say that it has enriched my life in so many ways.
New York, United States
Ive been learning Gmara since 5th grade and always loved it. Have always wanted to do Daf Yomi and now with Michelle Farber’s online classes it made it much easier to do! Really enjoying the experience thank you!!
Neve Daniel, Israel
What a great experience to learn with Rabbanit Michelle Farber. I began with this cycle in January 2020 and have been comforted by the consistency and energy of this process throughout the isolation period of Covid. Week by week, I feel like I am exploring a treasure chest with sparkling gems and puzzling antiquities. The hunt is exhilarating.
Pennsylvania, United States
I started learning daf in January, 2020, being inspired by watching the Siyyum Hashas in Binyanei Haumah. I wasn’t sure I would be able to keep up with the task. When I went to school, Gemara was not an option. Fast forward to March, 2022, and each day starts with the daf. The challenge is now learning the intricacies of delving into the actual learning. Hadran community, thank you!
Riverdale, NY, United States
I LOVE learning the Daf. I started with Shabbat. I join the morning Zoom with Reb Michelle and it totally grounds my day. When Corona hit us in Israel, I decided that I would use the Daf to keep myself sane, especially during the days when we could not venture out more than 300 m from our home. Now my husband and I have so much new material to talk about! It really is the best part of my day!
Hashmonaim, Israel
Shortly after the death of my father, David Malik z”l, I made the commitment to Daf Yomi. While riding to Ben Gurion airport in January, Siyum HaShas was playing on the radio; that was the nudge I needed to get started. The “everyday-ness” of the Daf has been a meaningful spiritual practice, especial after COVID began & I was temporarily unable to say Kaddish at daily in-person minyanim.
Wynnewood, United States
Hearing and reading about the siyumim at the completion of the 13 th cycle Daf Yomi asked our shul rabbi about starting the Daf – he directed me to another shiur in town he thought would allow a woman to join, and so I did! Love seeing the sources for the Divrei Torah I’ve been hearing for the past decades of living an observant life and raising 5 children .
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
My Daf journey began in August 2012 after participating in the Siyum Hashas where I was blessed as an “enabler” of others. Galvanized into my own learning I recited the Hadran on Shas in January 2020 with Rabbanit Michelle. That Siyum was a highlight in my life. Now, on round two, Daf has become my spiritual anchor to which I attribute manifold blessings.
Englewood NJ, United States
When I started studying Hebrew at Brown University’s Hillel, I had no idea that almost 38 years later, I’m doing Daf Yomi. My Shabbat haburah is led by Rabbanit Leah Sarna. The women are a hoot. I’m tracking the completion of each tractate by reading Ilana Kurshan’s memoir, If All the Seas Were Ink.
Pennsylvania, United States
Geri Goldstein got me started learning daf yomi when I was in Israel 2 years ago. It’s been a challenge and I’ve learned a lot though I’m sure I miss a lot. I quilt as I listen and I want to share what I’ve been working on.
Ottawa, Canada
I had dreamed of doing daf yomi since I had my first serious Talmud class 18 years ago at Pardes with Rahel Berkovitz, and then a couple of summers with Leah Rosenthal. There is no way I would be able to do it without another wonderful teacher, Michelle, and the Hadran organization. I wake up and am excited to start each day with the next daf.
Irvine, United States
It’s hard to believe it has been over two years. Daf yomi has changed my life in so many ways and has been sustaining during this global sea change. Each day means learning something new, digging a little deeper, adding another lens, seeing worlds with new eyes. Daf has also fostered new friendships and deepened childhood connections, as long time friends have unexpectedly become havruta.
Northwest Washington, United States
I had never heard of Daf Yomi and after reading the book, The Weight of Ink, I explored more about it. I discovered that it was only 6 months before a whole new cycle started and I was determined to give it a try. I tried to get a friend to join me on the journey but after the first few weeks they all dropped it. I haven’t missed a day of reading and of listening to the podcast.
Elkins Park, United States
I was exposed to Talmud in high school, but I was truly inspired after my daughter and I decided to attend the Women’s Siyum Shas in 2020. We knew that this was a historic moment. We were blown away, overcome with emotion at the euphoria of the revolution. Right then, I knew I would continue. My commitment deepened with the every-morning Virtual Beit Midrash on Zoom with R. Michelle.
Zichron Yaakov, Israel
New York, United States
Minneapolis, MN, United States
I decided to give daf yomi a try when I heard about the siyum hashas in 2020. Once the pandemic hit, the daily commitment gave my days some much-needed structure. There have been times when I’ve felt like quitting- especially when encountering very technical details in the text. But then I tell myself, “Look how much you’ve done. You can’t stop now!” So I keep going & my Koren bookshelf grows…
Huntington, United States
I started learning Dec 2019 after reading “If all the Seas Were Ink”. I found
Daily daf sessions of Rabbanit Michelle in her house teaching, I then heard about the siyum and a new cycle starting wow I am in! Afternoon here in Sydney, my family and friends know this is my sacred time to hide away to live zoom and learn. Often it’s hard to absorb and relate then a gem shines touching my heart.
Dover Heights, Australia
My curiosity was peaked after seeing posts about the end of the last cycle. I am always looking for opportunities to increase my Jewish literacy & I am someone that is drawn to habit and consistency. Dinnertime includes a “Guess what I learned on the daf” segment for my husband and 18 year old twins. I also love the feelings of connection with my colleagues who are also learning.
Tampa, United States
Phoenix, AZ, United States
Menachot 49
תְּנָא אַ״זֹּאת תּוֹרַת הָעֹלָה״ רִיבָּה סְמִיךְ לֵיהּ.
The Gemara answers: The tanna of that baraita relies on the phrase: “This is the law of the burnt offering [ha’ola]: It is that which goes up on its firewood upon the altar all night unto the morning” (Leviticus 6:2), a seemingly superfluous general phrase which is interpreted homiletically to include the halakha that any item that ascends [ola] upon the altar shall not descend from it, even if it was disqualified. The verse is the actual source for the halakha of the baraita, whereas the case of a private altar is cited merely in support of this ruling. Accordingly, the baraita does not contradict the opinion of Rav Shimi bar Ashi.
תָּנֵי רַבָּה בַּר בַּר חַנָּה קַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב: כִּבְשֵׂי עֲצֶרֶת שֶׁשְּׁחָטָן לְשׁוּם אֵילִים – כְּשֵׁרִין, וְלֹא עָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשׁוּם חוֹבָה. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב: עָלוּ וְעָלוּ.
§ The Gemara cites another discussion concerning the sheep of Shavuot. Rabba bar bar Ḥana taught a baraita before Rav: In a case of the two sheep of Shavuot where one slaughtered them for the sake of rams and not for their own sake, they are valid offerings, but they do not satisfy the obligation of the owner, i.e., the community, to sacrifice these offerings. Rav said to Rabba bar bar Ḥana: That is not so; rather, the sheep certainly satisfy the obligation of the community.
אָמַר רַב חִסְדָּא: מִסְתַּבְּרָא מִילְּתֵיהּ דְּרַב בִּכְסָבוּר אֵילִים, וּשְׁחָטָן לְשׁוּם כְּבָשִׂים, שֶׁהֲרֵי כְּבָשִׂים לְשׁוּם כְּבָשִׂים נִשְׁחֲטוּ.
Rav Ḥisda said: The statement of Rav is reasonable in a case where one thought that they were rams when he slaughtered them, and nevertheless slaughtered them for the sake of lambs. In such a case, it makes sense that they satisfy the community’s obligation since the lambs were slaughtered for the sake of lambs.
אֲבָל כְּסָבוּר אֵילִים, וּשְׁחָטָן לְשׁוּם אֵילִים – לָא. עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה; וְרַבָּה אָמַר: עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת לָא הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה.
But in a case where he thought that they were rams when he slaughtered them, and therefore slaughtered them for the sake of rams, they do not satisfy the community’s obligation, even though they were actually lambs. This is due to the fact that the erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering constitutes uprooting, despite the fact that it was done in error. But Rabba said: The erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering does not constitute uprooting.
אָמַר רָבָא: וּמוֹתְבִינַן אַשְּׁמַעְתִּין, הַכֹּהֲנִים שֶׁפִּיגְּלוּ בַּמִּקְדָּשׁ מְזִידִין – חַיָּיבִין, הָא שׁוֹגְגִין – פְּטוּרִין, וְתָנֵי עֲלַהּ: פִּיגּוּלָן פִּיגּוּל.
Rava said: We raise an objection to our own ruling concerning this halakha from that which was taught in a mishna (Gittin 54a): In a case of priests who disqualified an offering through improper intention in the Temple, by expressing, while sacrificing the offering, the intention to eat it after the appropriate time, if they did so intentionally, they are liable to pay the value of the offering to its owner, who must now bring another offering. It follows, therefore, that if the priests did so unintentionally they are exempt. And it is taught concerning this case in a baraita: Even though they slaughtered it with improper intent unintentionally, their act of improper intention renders the offering piggul, despite the fact that they are exempt from paying damages.
הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּיָדַע דְּחַטָּאת הִיא, וְקָא מְחַשֵּׁב בַּהּ לְשׁוּם שְׁלָמִים – הַאי שׁוֹגְגִין?! מְזִידִין הָווּ!
What are the circumstances in which this is the halakha? If we say that it is referring to a case where the priest knew that the offering was a sin offering, which is eaten for only one day and one night, and nevertheless he intended the offering to be for the sake of a peace offering, which is eaten for two days and one night, and thereby his intention was that it be eaten after its appropriate time, is this considered an unintentional act by the priests? Certainly they were acting intentionally.
אֶלָּא לָאו דִּכְסָבוּר שְׁלָמִים הוּא, וְקָא מְחַשֵּׁב בַּהּ לְשׁוּם שְׁלָמִים, וְקָתָנֵי: פִּיגּוּלָן פִּיגּוּל, אַלְמָא עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה.
Rather, is it not referring to a case where the offering was a sin offering, which is eaten for only one day and one night, and the priest thought that it was a peace offering and therefore he intended the offering to be for the sake of a peace offering, which is eaten for two days and one night, and thereby his intention was that it be eaten after its appropriate time? And with regard to this case the tanna taught: Their act of improper intention renders the offering piggul. Apparently, this proves that the erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering constitutes uprooting, contrary to the ruling of Rabba.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לְעוֹלָם דְּיָדַע דְּחַטָּאת הִיא, וְקָא מְחַשֵּׁב בַּהּ לְשׁוּם שְׁלָמִים, וּבְאוֹמֵר ״מוּתָּר״.
Abaye said to Rava: There is no objection from this baraita, because actually it is referring to a case where the priest knew that it was a sin offering and nevertheless he intended the offering to be for the sake of a peace offering, and his uprooting was done intentionally. Nevertheless, the baraita refers to the priests as acting unintentionally because it is referring to circumstances where the priest says, i.e., he mistakenly thinks, that it is permitted to sacrifice the offering with this intent.
מֵתִיב רַבִּי זֵירָא: רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, כׇּל מְנָחוֹת שֶׁנִּקְמְצוּ שֶׁלֹּא לִשְׁמָן – כְּשֵׁרוֹת, וְעָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים לְשׁוּם חוֹבָה.
Rabbi Zeira raises an objection to Rabba’s opinion that erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering does not constitute uprooting. A baraita teaches that Rabbi Shimon says: All meal offerings from which the handful was removed not for their sake are entirely valid, and have even satisfied the obligation of the owner, unlike animal offerings slaughtered not for their sake, which do not satisfy the obligation of the owner.
שֶׁאֵין הַמְּנָחוֹת דּוֹמוֹת לַזְּבָחִים, שֶׁהַקּוֹמֵץ מַחֲבַת לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת – מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ שֶׁהִיא מַחֲבַת, חֲרֵבָה לְשׁוּם בְּלוּלָה – מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ שֶׁהִיא חֲרֵבָה.
This is because meal offerings are not similar to animal offerings. As, in the case of one who removes a handful from a meal offering prepared in a shallow pan for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan, its mode of preparation proves that it is a shallow-pan meal offering and not a deep-pan meal offering. Since a meal offering prepared in a shallow pan is hard and one prepared in a deep pan is soft, his intention is plainly false. Similarly, if one removes a handful from a dry meal offering, the meal offering of a sinner, which has no oil, for the sake of a meal offering mixed with oil, his intention is plainly false, as its mode of preparation proves that it is a dry meal offering.
אֲבָל בִּזְבָחִים אֵינוֹ כֵּן, שְׁחִיטָה אַחַת לְכוּלָּן, קַבָּלָה אַחַת לְכוּלָּן, זְרִיקָה אַחַת לְכוּלָּן.
But with regard to animal offerings this is not so. There is one mode of slaughter for all of the offerings, one mode of collection of the blood for all of them, and one mode of sprinkling for all of them. Since the only factor that distinguishes between one type of offering and another is the intention of the individuals involved in its sacrifice, their intention is significant. Consequently, if one of the sacrificial rites is performed for the sake of the wrong type of offering, the offering does not satisfy its owner’s obligation.
הֵיכִי דָּמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּיָדַע דְּמַחֲבַת הִיא, וְקָא קָמֵיץ לָהּ לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת – כִּי מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין, מַאי הָוֵי? הָא מִיעְקָר קָא עָקַיר לַהּ!
The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances to which Rabbi Shimon is referring? If we say that he is referring to a case where the priest knew that the meal offering was prepared in a shallow pan, and nevertheless he removed a handful from it for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan, then although its mode of preparation proves that it was prepared in a shallow pan, what of it? In any case he is consciously uprooting its status as a shallow-pan meal offering, changing it to a deep-pan meal offering by means of his intention when he removes the handful.
אֶלָּא לָאו דִּכְסָבוּר מַרְחֶשֶׁת הִיא, וְקָא קָמֵיץ לָהּ לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת, וּטְעָה, דְּהָכָא הוּא דְּמַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ, הָא בְּעָלְמָא עֲקִירָה בְּטָעוּת הָוְיָא עֲקִירָה.
Rather, is it not referring to a case where the priest thought it was a meal offering prepared in a deep pan and therefore removed a handful for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan, but he was mistaken, as it was actually a meal offering prepared in a shallow pan? It is specifically here, in this case, that Rabbi Shimon rules that the offering remains valid, since its mode of preparation proves that it is a shallow-pan meal offering, which indicates that in general, erroneous uprooting of the status of an offering constitutes uprooting, contrary the ruling of Rabba.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לְעוֹלָם דְּיָדַע דְּמַחֲבַת הִיא, וְקָא קָמֵיץ לַהּ לְשׁוּם מַרְחֶשֶׁת.
Abaye said to Rabbi Zeira, in response to his objection: This objection to Rabba’s opinion is inconclusive, because one can explain that the baraita is actually referring to a case where the priest knew that the meal offering was prepared in a shallow pan, and nevertheless he removed a handful for the sake of a meal offering prepared in a deep pan.
וּדְקָא אָמְרַתְּ: כִּי מַעֲשֶׂיהָ מוֹכִיחִין עָלֶיהָ מַאי הָוֵי? רָבָא לְטַעְמֵיהּ, דְּאָמַר רָבָא: מַחְשָׁבָה דְּלָא מִינַּכְרָא – פְּסַל רַחֲמָנָא, מַחְשָׁבָה דְּמִינַּכְרָא – לָא פְּסַל רַחֲמָנָא.
And with regard to that which you said in your question: Although its mode of preparation proves that it is prepared in a shallow pan, what of it, i.e., since he is consciously uprooting its identity, how can it satisfy its owner’s obligation? Abaye answers that Rava conforms to his line of reasoning, as Rava says: The Merciful One disqualifies an offering due to improper intent that is not recognizably false, i.e., when the physical properties of the offering itself do not prove that the intent is mistaken. The Merciful One does not disqualify an offering due to improper intent that is recognizably false. Consequently, if one removes a handful from a shallow-pan meal offering for the sake of a deep-pan meal offering, even if he did so consciously, the offering remains valid and satisfies the owner’s obligation.
מַתְנִי׳ הַתְּמִידִין אֵין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַמּוּסָפִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַתְּמִידִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה. לֹא הִקְרִיבוּ כֶּבֶשׂ בַּבּוֹקֶר – יַקְרִיבוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
MISHNA: Failure to sacrifice the daily offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the additional offerings, and likewise, failure to sacrifice the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the daily offerings. And failure to sacrifice some of the additional offerings on a day when more than one is sacrificed, e.g., if it was both Shabbat and the New Moon, does not prevent sacrifice of the other additional offerings. If the priests did not sacrifice a lamb in the morning as the daily offering, nevertheless, they should sacrifice a lamb in the afternoon as the daily offering, as failure to sacrifice one daily offering does not prevent sacrifice of the other. In all of these cases, if they failed to sacrifice one offering, they should still sacrifice the other.
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: אֵימָתַי? בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָיוּ אֲנוּסִין אוֹ שׁוֹגְגִין, אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ מְזִידִין וְלֹא הִקְרִיבוּ כֶּבֶשׂ בַּבּוֹקֶר – לֹא יַקְרִיבוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
Rabbi Shimon said: When does this halakha apply? It applies at a time when the failure to sacrifice the daily morning offering was because they were prevented from sacrificing it due to circumstances beyond their control or they failed to sacrifice it unwittingly. But if the priests acted intentionally and did not sacrifice a lamb in the morning as the daily offering, they should not sacrifice a lamb in the afternoon as the daily offering.
לֹא הִקְטִירוּ קְטוֹרֶת בַּבּוֹקֶר – יַקְטִירוּ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
Incense was burned twice a day, half a measure in the morning and half a measure in the afternoon. If they did not burn the half-measure of incense in the morning, they should burn the half-measure in the afternoon.
אָמַר רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן: וְכוּלָּהּ הָיְתָה קְרֵיבָה בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם, שֶׁאֵין מְחַנְּכִין אֶת מִזְבַּח הַזָּהָב אֶלָּא בִּקְטוֹרֶת הַסַּמִּים, וְלֹא מִזְבַּח הָעוֹלָה אֶלָּא בְּתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר, וְלֹא אֶת הַשּׁוּלְחָן אֶלָּא בְּלֶחֶם הַפָּנִים בְּשַׁבָּת, וְלֹא אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה אֶלָּא בְּשִׁבְעָה נֵרוֹתֶיהָ בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם.
Rabbi Shimon said: And in such a case, the entire measure was sacrificed in the afternoon. The reason for the difference between the daily offerings and the incense is that the daily service on a new golden altar is initiated only with the burning of the incense of the spices in the afternoon, at which time they would burn a full measure. And the daily service on a new altar of the burnt offering, on which the daily offerings were sacrificed, is initiated only with the daily morning offering. And use of a new Table was initiated only with the arrangement of the shewbread on Shabbat, and use of a new Candelabrum was initiated only with the kindling of its seven lamps in the afternoon.
גְּמָ׳ בְּעָא מִינֵּיהּ רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אָבִין מֵרַב חִסְדָּא: צִיבּוּר שֶׁאֵין לָהֶן תְּמִידִין וּמוּסָפִין, אֵי זֶה מֵהֶן קוֹדֵם?
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the daily offerings and the additional offerings each do not prevent fulfillment of the mitzva with the other. Concerning this, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin raised a dilemma before Rav Ḥisda: In the case of a community that did not have the resources to sacrifice both the daily offerings and the additional offerings, which of them takes precedence over the other?
הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִילֵּימָא תְּמִידִין דְּיוֹמֵיהּ וּמוּסָפִין דְּיוֹמֵיהּ – פְּשִׁיטָא תְּמִידִין עֲדִיפִי, דְּהָווּ לְהוּ תָּדִיר וּמְקוּדָּשׁ!
The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances to which Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin is referring? If we say that he is referring to a case where the choice is between the daily offerings of that day and the additional offerings of that same day, it is obvious that the daily offerings are given preference, as the sacrifice of the daily offerings is more frequent than the sacrifice of the additional offerings, which are sacrificed only on special occasions, and the daily offerings are also sanctified.
אֶלָּא, תְּמִידִין דְּלִמְחַר וּמוּסָפִין דְּהָאִידָּנָא – תְּמִידִין עֲדִיפִי, שֶׁכֵּן תָּדִיר, אוֹ דִלְמָא מוּסָפִין עֲדִיפִי, דְּהָווּ לְהוּ מְקוּדָּשׁ?
Rather, Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin must be referring to a case where they have enough animals for the daily offerings of today and also for either the daily offerings for tomorrow or the additional offerings for today. In such a case, are the daily offerings given preference since their sacrifice is more frequent? Or perhaps the additional offerings are given preference because they are considered more sanctified because they are sacrificed on a holy day.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ, תְּנֵיתוּהָ: הַתְּמִידִין אֵין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַמּוּסָפִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין אֶת הַתְּמִידִין, וְלֹא הַמּוּסָפִין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה.
Rav Ḥisda said to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin: The resolution to this dilemma can be derived from that which you learned in the mishna: Failure to sacrifice the daily offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the additional offerings, and likewise, failure to sacrifice the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the daily offerings. And failure to sacrifice some of the additional offerings does not prevent sacrifice of the other additional offerings.
הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּאִית לֵיהּ, וּלְקַדֵּם, וְהָתַנְיָא: מִנַּיִן שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא דָּבָר קוֹדֵם לְתָמִיד שֶׁל שַׁחַר? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״וְעָרַךְ עָלֶיהָ הָעֹלָה״.
What are the circumstances to which the mishna is referring? If we say that it is referring to a case where the Temple treasury has all of the animals necessary for both offerings, and the only question is in terms of sacrificing one before the other, isn’t it taught in a baraita: From where is it derived that no sacrifice should precede the sacrifice of the daily offering of morning? The baraita continues: It is derived from that which the verse states: “And the fire upon the altar shall be kept burning thereby, it shall not go out; and the priest shall kindle wood on it every morning; and he shall lay the burnt offering in order on it, and shall cause the fats of the peace offering to go up in smoke upon it” (Leviticus 6:5).
וְאָמַר רָבָא: ״הָעֹלָה״ – עוֹלָה רִאשׁוֹנָה!
And Rava says in explanation of this derivation in the baraita that the term “the burnt offering,” with the definite article, is referring to the first burnt offering of the day, which is the daily offering. Consequently, one may not sacrifice the additional offerings before the daily offering.
אֶלָּא פְּשִׁיטָא דְּלֵית לֵיהּ! וְאִי דְּיוֹמֵיהּ, אַמַּאי? תָּדִיר וּמְקוּדָּשׁ – תָּדִיר עָדִיף!
Rather, it is obvious that the mishna is referring to a case where he does not have a sufficient number of animals for both offerings. And if it is referring to the offerings of that day, why does the mishna say that failure to sacrifice one does not prevent sacrifice of the other? Since the daily offering is more frequent and it is sanctified, and the additional offerings are sanctified but are less frequent than the daily offering, the frequent offering is given preference. Consequently, failure to sacrifice the daily offering should prevent the sacrifice of the additional offerings.
אֶלָּא לָאו דְּלִמְחַר, וְקָתָנֵי אֵין מְעַכְּבִין זֶה אֶת זֶה, אַלְמָא כִּי הֲדָדֵי נִינְהוּ.
Rather, is it not referring to a case where the Temple treasury does not have enough animals for both the additional offerings of today and the daily offering of tomorrow, and yet the mishna teaches that failure to sacrifice one does not prevent one from sacrificing the other? Evidently, they are equal and he may sacrifice whichever offering he chooses. This would resolve Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin’s dilemma.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ אַבָּיֵי: לְעוֹלָם דְּאִית לְהוּ, וּלְקַדֵּם. וּדְקָא קַשְׁיָא לָךְ שֶׁלֹּא יְהֵא דָּבָר קוֹדֵם – מִצְוָה בְּעָלְמָא הוּא.
Abaye said to Rav Ḥisda: That is not a valid resolution of the dilemma, as one can claim that actually, the mishna is referring to a case where they have enough animals for all the offerings, and the mishna is referring to the issue of sacrificing one before the other. And with regard to that which poses a difficulty for you based upon the baraita that states that no sacrifice should precede the sacrifice of the daily offering of the morning, that baraita is merely stating the mitzva ab initio.
תָּא שְׁמַע: אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשִּׁשָּׁה טְלָאִים הַמְבוּקָּרִין בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַטְּלָאִים, כְּדֵי לַשַּׁבָּת וְלִשְׁנֵי יָמִים טוֹבִים שֶׁל רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה.
The Gemara suggests: Come and hear a resolution to Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Avin’s dilemma based upon a mishna (Arakhin 13a): One maintains no fewer than six lambs that have been inspected and found to be unblemished in the Chamber of the Lambs, sufficient for Shabbat and for the two festival days of Rosh HaShana that in some years occur adjacent to it.
הֵיכִי דָמֵי? אִילֵּימָא דְּאִית לֵיהּ תְּמִידִין וּמוּסָפִין – טוּבָא הֲווֹ!
The Gemara clarifies: What are the circumstances of this case? If we say that it is referring to a case where the Temple treasury has enough animals for all of the offerings that should be brought, six lambs are not enough, as there are many lambs sacrificed for daily offerings and additional offerings on those three days. In total, twenty-two lambs are required: Two each day for the daily offerings, two for the additional offering of Shabbat, seven for the additional offering of Rosh HaShana, and seven for the additional offering of the New Moon.
אֶלָּא לָאו דְּלֵית לֵיהּ, וּשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ תְּמִידִין עֲדִיפִי!
Rather, is it not that the mishna is referring to a case where the Temple treasury does not have enough animals for all of the offerings, and it is teaching that the animals that he does have are utilized for the daily offerings of all three days rather than for the additional offering of Shabbat on the first of the three days? Consequently, one may conclude from it that the daily offerings of tomorrow are given preference over the additional offerings of today.
לָא, לְעוֹלָם דְּאִית לֵיהּ, וְהָכִי קָא אָמַר: אֵין פּוֹחֲתִין מִשִּׁשָּׁה טְלָאִים הַמְבוּקָּרִין בְּלִשְׁכַּת הַטְּלָאִים אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה, וּמַנִּי? בֶּן בַּג בַּג הִיא.
The Gemara replies: No, this is not a valid proof, as one can claim that actually, the mishna is referring to a case where the Temple treasury has enough animals for all of the offerings of the three days, and this is what the mishna is saying when it mentions six lambs: One maintains for use as daily offerings no fewer than six lambs that have been inspected and found to be unblemished in the Chamber of the Lambs four days prior to their slaughter. Lambs sacrificed as other offerings do not have to be inspected four days prior to being slaughtered. And in accordance with whose opinion is this mishna? It is in accordance with the opinion of ben Bag Bag.
דְּתַנְיָא, בֶּן בַּג בַּג אוֹמֵר: מִנַּיִן לְתָמִיד שֶׁטָּעוּן בִּיקּוּר אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״תִּשְׁמְרוּ לְהַקְרִיב לִי בְּמוֹעֲדוֹ״, וּלְהַלָּן הוּא אוֹמֵר: ״וְהָיָה לָכֶם לְמִשְׁמֶרֶת עַד אַרְבָּעָה עָשָׂר יוֹם״.
As it is taught in a baraita that ben Bag Bag says: From where is it derived that the daily offering requires inspection four days prior to its slaughter? The verse states with regard to the daily offering: “You shall observe [tishmeru] to sacrifice to Me in its due season” (Numbers 28:2), and elsewhere, with regard to the Paschal offering, the verse states: “On the tenth day of this month they shall take for them every man a lamb…and you shall keep it [mishmeret] until the fourteenth day of this month” (Exodus 12:3–6).
מָה לְהַלָּן טָעוּן בִּיקּוּר אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה, אַף כָּאן טָעוּן בִּיקּוּר אַרְבָּעָה יָמִים קוֹדֶם שְׁחִיטָה.
Consequently, it is derived by means of a verbal analogy that just as in the verse there, the Paschal offering requires inspection four days prior to its slaughter, from the tenth of the month to the fourteenth, so too here, the daily offering requires inspection four days prior to its slaughter. This is not a requirement that pertains to all offerings; it is stated specifically with regard to the Paschal offering and extended by means of a verbal analogy to the daily offering.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבִינָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: הָנֵי שִׁשָּׁה? שִׁבְעָה הָווּ, דְּהָא אִיכָּא דְּצַפְרָא דִּתְלָתָא בְּשַׁבְּתָא!
§ The Gemara cites a discussion pertaining to the mishna cited earlier. Ravina said to Rav Ashi: With regard to these six inspected lambs that must always be kept in the Chamber of Lambs, there ought to be seven, as there is a need for another lamb for the daily offering of the morning of the third day of the week, since it cannot be inspected on Shabbat or the subsequent festival days of Rosh HaShana, and therefore should be inspected and kept beforehand.
וּלְטַעְמָיךְ, תְּמָנְיָא הָווּ, דְּהָאִיכָּא דְּפַנְיָא דְּמַעֲלֵי שַׁבְּתָא!
Rav Ashi responded to Ravina: According to your reasoning the correct number is not seven, but rather it is eight; as there is also the daily offering of the afternoon of Shabbat eve that should also be counted.
הָא לָא קַשְׁיָא, דִּלְבָתַר דְּאַקְרֵיב קָאָמַר.
Ravina replied: That is not difficult, because the mishna is saying that after he sacrificed the daily offering of the afternoon there must be six inspected lambs.
