What are the stringencies that apply to waving that don’t apply to semicha and vice-versa? What shape were the lechem hapanim?
This week’s learning is sponsored by Robert and Paula Cohen in loving memory of Joseph Cohen, Yosef ben Moshe HaCohen, z”l. “He was hard working, loved to sing, esp. as a chazan, and was very dedicated to his family and community.”
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
English
עברית
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
Today’s daily daf tools:
This week’s learning is sponsored by Robert and Paula Cohen in loving memory of Joseph Cohen, Yosef ben Moshe HaCohen, z”l. “He was hard working, loved to sing, esp. as a chazan, and was very dedicated to his family and community.”
Menachot 94
בְּחַיִּים וּבִשְׁחוּטִין, וּבְדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּסְּמִיכָה.
and it is practiced both in the cases of offerings when they are alive, e.g., the guilt offering of a leper and the lambs of Shavuot, and in the cases of offerings after they are slaughtered, e.g., the breast and thigh. By contrast, placing hands is practiced with a live animal. A further stringency is that waving is practiced both in the case of an item in which there is a living spirit, i.e., an animal offering, and in the case of an item in which there is not a living spirit, e.g., the omer offering, the sota meal offering, and the loaves accompanying a thanks offering and the ram of the nazirite, whereas placing hands is only ever performed upon living beings.
גְּמָ׳ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: קׇרְבָּנוֹ – לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
GEMARA: The Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states with regard to placing hands: “And he shall place his hand on the head of his offering” (Leviticus 3:2). The term “his offering” serves to include all of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands, i.e., each one must perform it.
שֶׁיָּכוֹל, וַהֲלֹא דִּין הוּא: וּמָה תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין נִתְמַעֲטָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁתִּתְמַעֵט בְּחוֹבְרִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״, לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
It is necessary for the verse to teach this, as one might have thought: Could it not be derived through an a fortiori inference that only one partner needs to place his hands on the offering? The inference is as follows: If the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, nevertheless was limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by a number of partners, as only one of them waves on behalf of all of them, then with regard to the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, and it is sufficient for one partner to place his hands on behalf of the others? To counter this inference, the verse states: “His offering,” to include each of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands.
וְתִתְרַבֶּה תְּנוּפָה בְּחוֹבְרִין מִקַּל וָחוֹמֶר: וּמָה סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין, נִתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין!
The Gemara asks: But one could suggest the opposite inference and conclude that the requirement of waving should be amplified with regard to partners, through the following a fortiori inference: If the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, was amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself, then with regard to the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself?
מִשּׁוּם דְּלָא אֶפְשָׁר, הֵיכִי לֶיעְבֵּיד? לַינְפּוּ כּוּלְּהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – קָא הָוְיָא חֲצִיצָה, לָינֵיף וְלֶיהְדַּר וְלָינֵיף – ״תְּנוּפָה״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְלֹא תְּנוּפוֹת.
The Gemara rejects this: This inference cannot be correct, because it is obvious that only one of the partners needs to perform the waving. It is not possible to have all of them perform it, as how would it be done? If one says: Let all of the partners wave together, with each one placing his hands under those of another, that is difficult: There would be an invalidating interposition between the offering and hands of the partners who are not directly holding onto the offering. And if one says: Let one partner wave, and then the next one will wave, and so on, that would also be invalid, as the Merciful One states in the Torah that one must perform a waving, using a singular noun, which indicates that one waving, but not multiple wavings, should be performed.
וּסְמִיכָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין לֵיתַהּ? וְהָתְנַן: בִּזְמַן שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל רוֹצֶה לְהַקְטִיר, הָיָה עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ, וְהַסְּגָן בִּימִינוֹ. הִגִּיעַ לְמַחֲצִית הַכֶּבֶשׁ – אָחַז סְגָן בִּימִינוֹ וְהֶעֱלָהוּ, וְהוֹשִׁיט לוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
§ The mishna states that placing hands is not performed upon a slaughtered offering. The Gemara questions this: And is there no instance of placing hands performed on slaughtered animals? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Tamid 33b): When the High Priest would want to sacrifice the daily offering, as it is his right to be the one to sacrifice it whenever he wishes to, he would ascend the ramp to the top of the altar, and the deputy [segan] High Priest would also ascend to the right of the High Priest. If it occurred that the High Priest reached halfway up the ramp and grew tired, the deputy would hold him by his right hand to assist him and would bring him up to the top of the altar. And the first of the group of priests who had been selected to bring the limbs of the daily offering to the altar would hold out the head and the right hind leg of the offering to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them, and then he would throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
הוֹשִׁיט הַשֵּׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם, נוֹתְנוֹ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן. נִשְׁמַט הַשֵּׁנִי וְהָלַךְ לוֹ, וְכָךְ הָיוּ מוֹשִׁיטִין לוֹ שְׁאָר כׇּל הָאֵבָרִים, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
Then the second priest would hold out the two forelegs to the first priest, and the first priest would give them to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them and then throw them onto the fire. At this stage the second priest would slip away and leave, as he was no longer needed. The first priest remained where he was, as he was still needed to present the other limbs of the offering to the High Priest. And in this manner the other priests who had been selected would hold out the rest of all the limbs to the first priest, who would present them to the High Priest, who would then place his hands upon them and throw them onto the fire.
וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה – הוּא סוֹמֵךְ, וַאֲחֵרִים זוֹרְקִין.
The mishna concludes: And when the High Priest wants, he may merely place his hands upon the limbs, and then the other priests throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָתָם מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ דְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל.
This mishna apparently demonstrates an instance of placing hands performed upon a slaughtered animal. In resolution of this difficulty, Abaye said: In the mishna there, the placing of hands is not in fulfillment of the requirement to do so to an offering; rather, it is done merely due to the eminence of the High Priest, so that his sacrifice of the limbs of an offering is more distinguished than when performed by ordinary priests.
הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת.
מַתְנִי׳ שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת אַחַת אַחַת. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם. וּבִדְפוּס הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן; כְּשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָן, נוֹתְנָן לִדְפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְקַלְקְלוּ.
MISHNA: The two loaves that are brought on the festival of Shavuot from the new wheat are each made from a tenth of an ephah of fine flour. They are kneaded one by one and they are baked one by one, i.e., each loaf is placed separately in the oven. The loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one and baked two by two, i.e., two loaves are placed in the oven at the same time. And the baker would prepare the shewbread in a mold [defus] when he made the dough. When he removes the shewbread from the oven he again places the loaves in a mold so that their shape will not be ruined.
גְּמָ׳ מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים יִהְיֶה הַחַלָּה הָאֶחָת״ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת.
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the two loaves are kneaded one by one and baked one by one. The loaves of the shewbread are also kneaded one by one but are baked two at a time. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? They are derived from a verse, as the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes from it; two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake. And you shall set them in two arrangements, six in an arrangement, upon the pure Table before the Lord” (Leviticus 24:5–6). The phrase “Two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake” teaches that the loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one.
מִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כָּךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״יִהְיֶה״. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאֲפִיָּיתָן שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״. יָכוֹל אַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כֵּן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״אוֹתָם״.
The baraita continues: From where is it derived that this is also the halakha with regard to the two loaves, i.e., that they are kneaded one at a time? The verse states: “Shall be,” to include the two loaves. And from where is it derived that the baking of the loaves of the shewbread is performed two by two? The verse states: “And you shall set them [vesamta otam],” the plural form indicating that two loaves should be baked together. One might have thought that the two loaves brought on Shavuot should also be baked in this manner. The verse states: “Them [otam],” which is a term of exclusion, indicating that only the loaves of the shewbread are baked two at a time, but not the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
הַאי ״אוֹתָם״, הָא אַפֵּיקְתֵּיהּ? אִם כֵּן, לֵימָא קְרָא ״וְשַׂמְתָּם״! מַאי ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״? שָׁמְעַתְּ מִינַּהּ תַּרְתֵּי.
The Gemara asks: Didn’t you already derive from this term: “Them,” that the shewbread must be baked two loaves at a time? The Gemara answers: If so, i.e., if the term “them” teaches only that the shewbread is baked two loaves at a time, let the verse say: And you shall set them [vesamtam], using the shortened form. What is the verse teaching by using the longer form “vesamta otam”? You may learn from the verse two matters, both that the loaves of the shewbread should be baked two at a time and that this requirement does not apply to the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״ – בִּדְפוּס. שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּפוּסִין הֵם: נוֹתְנָהּ לִדְפוּס וַעֲדַיִין הִיא בָּצֵק, וּכְמִין דְּפוּס הָיָה לָהּ בַּתַּנּוּר, וּכְשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָהּ נוֹתְנָהּ בַּדְּפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְקַלְקֵל. וְלַהְדְּרַהּ לִדְפוּס קַמָּא? כֵּיוָן דְּאָפֵי לַהּ, נָפְחָה.
§ The mishna teaches that the shewbread was placed in a mold, and with regard to this the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall set them” (Leviticus 24:6), which means to set them in a mold. There are three molds that are used in the Temple in the preparation of the loaves. First, the baker places the shewbread in a mold while it is still dough. And second, there was a type of mold for the shewbread in the oven, in which the loaves were baked. And when he removes [rodah] the shewbread from the oven, he places it in a third mold so that its shape will not be ruined. The Gemara asks: But why is a third mold necessary? Let him return the shewbread to the first mold, in which the dough was kneaded. The Gemara answers: Once the dough is baked, it rises, and no longer fits into the first mold.
אִיתְּמַר: לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ?
§ It was stated: How is the shewbread prepared, i.e., in what shape?
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
Rabbi Ḥanina says: It was rectangular, with a wide base and two parallel walls with an open space between them, like a box that is open on two sides. Rabbi Yoḥanan says that the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., a triangular-shaped boat with a narrow base from which two walls rise at angles. Since the boat does not have a wide base it rocks from side to side.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין? מָקוֹם עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the bowls of frankincense could rest upon it. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the bowls rest upon it? The Gemara answers: The baker prepared a flat place for the bowls to rest, on the side of the shewbread.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי קָנִים, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – קָנִים הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי? מוּרְשָׁא עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the rods could rest upon the it. The shewbread was placed on the Table in two arrangements. In each arrangement the lowest loaf was placed on the Table and the remaining loaves were set one above the other, with rods separating the loaves. There were fourteen rods for each arrangement, each loaf being placed upon three rods, except for the uppermost loaf, which was placed on only two rods. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how were the rods resting upon the shewbread? Since the loaves had a narrow base, they would rest on only one rod. The Gemara answers: The baker would make a protrusion in the base of the loaves, which would slightly widen their pointed base, enabling them to rest with stability upon the rods.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דְּסָמְכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי סְמַכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם? דְּעָגִיל לְהוּ מִיעְגָּל.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the panels would support the loaves. There were four gold panels that stood at the two sides of the Table and rose up above the height of the Table, and the rods rested on these panels. The loaves were placed lengthwise along the entire width of the Table, and the panels supported the two sides of the loaves, preventing them from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the panels support the loaves? Since the sides of the shewbread rose at an angle, the panels would touch only the upper edges of the shewbread. The Gemara answers that the panels would be made to curve inward at an angle corresponding to the angle of the shewbread, so that the panels supported the loaves along their entire length.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הַיְינוּ דְּבָעֵינַן סְנִיפִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין לְמָה לִי? אַגַּב יוּקְרָא דְּלֶחֶם תָּלַח.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, this is the reason that we require panels. Since the loaves do not have a wide base they cannot stand on their own without the support of the rods and panels. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, why do I need panels? The loaves could stand without the assistance of rods and panels. The Gemara answers: If there were no panels supporting the loaves from the sides and the loaves were placed on top of each other, due to the weight of the upper loaves the lower loaves would break [telaḥ].
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין הֵיכָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אַאַרְעָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אִין, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר מֶמֶל: לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין, לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע מוּנָּחִין.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, it is evident that the panels are placed on the Table, in order to prevent the slanted loaves from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, where would the priest place the panels? Since the wide base of the loaves reached the edge of the Table, there was no room for the panels there. Would the priest place them on the ground? The Gemara answers: Yes, the panels were placed on the ground, as Rabbi Abba bar Memel said: According to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a rocking boat, the panels are placed on the Table, whereas according to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, the panels are placed on the ground.
כְּמַאן אָזְלָא הָא דְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: הַלֶּחֶם מַעֲמִיד אֶת הַסְּנִיפִין, וְהַסְּנִיפִין מַעֲמִידִין אֶת הַלֶּחֶם? כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which Rabbi Yehuda said: The loaves support the panels and the panels support the loaves, i.e., they lean against one another? It is in accordance with the opinion of the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., Rabbi Yoḥanan. According to the opinion of Rabbi Ḥanina, the panels stood on the ground and did not require the support of the loaves.
Follow 
Today’s daily daf tools:
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
Din & Daf: Korbanot Without a Mikdash? Religious Zionist Polemics
05.14.2025 | ט״ז באייר תשפ״ה
Ketubot 19: Unreliable Documentation in Financial Halakhah
07.25.2022 | כ״ו בתמוז תשפ״ב
Yevamot 61: The Saving Graces of the Priestly Marriage Practicalities
05.07.2022 | ו׳ באייר תשפ״ב
Gittin in Israel’s Rabbinical Courts with Rabbi Seth Farber
08.15.2023 | כ״ח באב תשפ״ג
Yoma 50: Show Us Your Korbanot and We’ll Tell You Who You Are
05.31.2021 | כ׳ בסיון תשפ״א
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
I started learning after the siyum hashas for women and my daily learning has been a constant over the last two years. It grounded me during the chaos of Corona while providing me with a community of fellow learners. The Daf can be challenging but it’s filled with life’s lessons, struggles and hope for a better world. It’s not about the destination but rather about the journey. Thank you Hadran!
Dena Lehrman
אפרת, Israel
I’ve been studying Talmud since the ’90s, and decided to take on Daf Yomi two years ago. I wanted to attempt the challenge of a day-to-day, very Jewish activity. Some days are so interesting and some days are so boring. But I’m still here.
Wendy Rozov
Phoenix, AZ, United States
I was moved to tears by the Hadran Siyyum HaShas. I have learned Torah all my life, but never connected to learning Gemara on a regular basis until then. Seeing the sheer joy Talmud Torah at the siyyum, I felt compelled to be part of it, and I haven’t missed a day!
It’s not always easy, but it is so worthwhile, and it has strengthened my love of learning. It is part of my life now.
Michelle Lewis
Beit Shemesh, Israel
When I was working and taking care of my children, learning was never on the list. Now that I have more time I have two different Gemora classes and the nach yomi as well as the mishna yomi daily.
Shoshana Shinnar
Jerusalem, Israel
I attended the Siyum so that I could tell my granddaughter that I had been there. Then I decided to listen on Spotify and after the siyum of Brachot, Covid and zoom began. It gave structure to my day. I learn with people from all over the world who are now my friends – yet most of us have never met. I can’t imagine life without it. Thank you Rabbanit Michelle.
Emma Rinberg
Raanana, Israel
I decided to learn one masechet, Brachot, but quickly fell in love and never stopped! It has been great, everyone is always asking how it’s going and chering me on, and my students are always making sure I did the day’s daf.
Yafit Fishbach
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
I LOVE learning the Daf. I started with Shabbat. I join the morning Zoom with Reb Michelle and it totally grounds my day. When Corona hit us in Israel, I decided that I would use the Daf to keep myself sane, especially during the days when we could not venture out more than 300 m from our home. Now my husband and I have so much new material to talk about! It really is the best part of my day!
Batsheva Pava
Hashmonaim, Israel
What a great experience to learn with Rabbanit Michelle Farber. I began with this cycle in January 2020 and have been comforted by the consistency and energy of this process throughout the isolation period of Covid. Week by week, I feel like I am exploring a treasure chest with sparkling gems and puzzling antiquities. The hunt is exhilarating.
Marian Frankston
Pennsylvania, United States
I am grateful for the structure of the Daf Yomi. When I am freer to learn to my heart’s content, I learn other passages in addition. But even in times of difficulty, I always know that I can rely on the structure and social support of Daf Yomi learners all over the world.
I am also grateful for this forum. It is very helpful to learn with a group of enthusiastic and committed women.
Janice Block
Beit Shemesh, Israel
תמיד רציתי. למדתי גמרא בבית ספר בטורונטו קנדה. עליתי ארצה ולמדתי שזה לא מקובל. הופתעתי.
יצאתי לגימלאות לפני שנתיים וזה מאפשר את המחוייבות לדף יומי.
עבורי ההתמדה בלימוד מעגן אותי בקשר שלי ליהדות. אני תמיד מחפשת ותמיד. מוצאת מקור לקשר. ללימוד חדש ומחדש. קשר עם נשים לומדות מעמיק את החוויה ומשמעותית מאוד.
Vitti Kones
מיתר, ישראל
My first Talmud class experience was a weekly group in 1971 studying Taanit. In 2007 I resumed Talmud study with a weekly group I continue learning with. January 2020, I was inspired to try learning Daf Yomi. A friend introduced me to Daf Yomi for Women and Rabbanit Michelle Farber, I have kept with this program and look forward, G- willing, to complete the entire Shas with Hadran.
Lorri Lewis
Palo Alto, CA, United States
I’ve been studying Talmud since the ’90s, and decided to take on Daf Yomi two years ago. I wanted to attempt the challenge of a day-to-day, very Jewish activity. Some days are so interesting and some days are so boring. But I’m still here.
Sarene Shanus
Mamaroneck, NY, United States
I started learning Daf Yomi inspired by תָּפַסְתָּ מְרוּבֶּה לֹא תָּפַסְתָּ, תָּפַסְתָּ מוּעָט תָּפַסְתָּ. I thought I’d start the first page, and then see. I was swept up into the enthusiasm of the Hadran Siyum, and from there the momentum kept building. Rabbanit Michelle’s shiur gives me an anchor, a connection to an incredible virtual community, and an energy to face whatever the day brings.
Medinah Korn
בית שמש, Israel
Having never learned Talmud before, I started Daf Yomi in hopes of connecting to the Rabbinic tradition, sharing a daily idea on Instagram (@dafyomiadventures). With Hadran and Sefaria, I slowly gained confidence in my skills and understanding. Now, part of the Pardes Jewish Educators Program, I can’t wait to bring this love of learning with me as I continue to pass it on to my future students.
Hannah Greenberg
Pennsylvania, United States
I started learning Daf Yomi to fill what I saw as a large gap in my Jewish education. I also hope to inspire my three daughters to ensure that they do not allow the same Talmud-sized gap to form in their own educations. I am so proud to be a part of the Hadran community, and I have loved learning so many of the stories and halachot that we have seen so far. I look forward to continuing!
Dora Chana Haar
Oceanside NY, United States
It happened without intent (so am I yotzei?!) – I watched the women’s siyum live and was so moved by it that the next morning, I tuned in to Rabbanit Michelle’s shiur, and here I am, still learning every day, over 2 years later. Some days it all goes over my head, but others I grasp onto an idea or a story, and I ‘get it’ and that’s the best feeling in the world. So proud to be a Hadran learner.
Jeanne Yael Klempner
Zichron Yaakov, Israel
I was inspired to start learning after attending the 2020 siyum in Binyanei Hauma. It has been a great experience for me. It’s amazing to see the origins of stories I’ve heard and rituals I’ve participated in my whole life. Even when I don’t understand the daf itself, I believe that the commitment to learning every day is valuable and has multiple benefits. And there will be another daf tomorrow!
Khaya Eisenberg
Jerusalem, Israel
I learned Talmud as a student in Yeshivat Ramaz and felt at the time that Talmud wasn’t for me. After reading Ilana Kurshan’s book I was intrigued and after watching the great siyum in Yerushalayim it ignited the spark to begin this journey. It has been a transformative life experience for me as a wife, mother, Savta and member of Klal Yisrael.
Elana Storch
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
What a great experience to learn with Rabbanit Michelle Farber. I began with this cycle in January 2020 and have been comforted by the consistency and energy of this process throughout the isolation period of Covid. Week by week, I feel like I am exploring a treasure chest with sparkling gems and puzzling antiquities. The hunt is exhilarating.
Marian Frankston
Pennsylvania, United States
I never thought I’d be able to do Daf Yomi till I saw the video of Hadran’s Siyum HaShas. Now, 2 years later, I’m about to participate in Siyum Seder Mo’ed with my Hadran community. It has been an incredible privilege to learn with Rabbanit Michelle and to get to know so many caring, talented and knowledgeable women. I look forward with great anticipation and excitement to learning Seder Nashim.
Caroline Ben-Ari
Karmiel, Israel
Menachot 94
בְּחַיִּים וּבִשְׁחוּטִין, וּבְדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּסְּמִיכָה.
and it is practiced both in the cases of offerings when they are alive, e.g., the guilt offering of a leper and the lambs of Shavuot, and in the cases of offerings after they are slaughtered, e.g., the breast and thigh. By contrast, placing hands is practiced with a live animal. A further stringency is that waving is practiced both in the case of an item in which there is a living spirit, i.e., an animal offering, and in the case of an item in which there is not a living spirit, e.g., the omer offering, the sota meal offering, and the loaves accompanying a thanks offering and the ram of the nazirite, whereas placing hands is only ever performed upon living beings.
גְּמָ׳ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: קׇרְבָּנוֹ – לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
GEMARA: The Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states with regard to placing hands: “And he shall place his hand on the head of his offering” (Leviticus 3:2). The term “his offering” serves to include all of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands, i.e., each one must perform it.
שֶׁיָּכוֹל, וַהֲלֹא דִּין הוּא: וּמָה תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין נִתְמַעֲטָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁתִּתְמַעֵט בְּחוֹבְרִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״, לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
It is necessary for the verse to teach this, as one might have thought: Could it not be derived through an a fortiori inference that only one partner needs to place his hands on the offering? The inference is as follows: If the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, nevertheless was limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by a number of partners, as only one of them waves on behalf of all of them, then with regard to the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, and it is sufficient for one partner to place his hands on behalf of the others? To counter this inference, the verse states: “His offering,” to include each of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands.
וְתִתְרַבֶּה תְּנוּפָה בְּחוֹבְרִין מִקַּל וָחוֹמֶר: וּמָה סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין, נִתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין!
The Gemara asks: But one could suggest the opposite inference and conclude that the requirement of waving should be amplified with regard to partners, through the following a fortiori inference: If the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, was amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself, then with regard to the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself?
מִשּׁוּם דְּלָא אֶפְשָׁר, הֵיכִי לֶיעְבֵּיד? לַינְפּוּ כּוּלְּהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – קָא הָוְיָא חֲצִיצָה, לָינֵיף וְלֶיהְדַּר וְלָינֵיף – ״תְּנוּפָה״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְלֹא תְּנוּפוֹת.
The Gemara rejects this: This inference cannot be correct, because it is obvious that only one of the partners needs to perform the waving. It is not possible to have all of them perform it, as how would it be done? If one says: Let all of the partners wave together, with each one placing his hands under those of another, that is difficult: There would be an invalidating interposition between the offering and hands of the partners who are not directly holding onto the offering. And if one says: Let one partner wave, and then the next one will wave, and so on, that would also be invalid, as the Merciful One states in the Torah that one must perform a waving, using a singular noun, which indicates that one waving, but not multiple wavings, should be performed.
וּסְמִיכָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין לֵיתַהּ? וְהָתְנַן: בִּזְמַן שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל רוֹצֶה לְהַקְטִיר, הָיָה עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ, וְהַסְּגָן בִּימִינוֹ. הִגִּיעַ לְמַחֲצִית הַכֶּבֶשׁ – אָחַז סְגָן בִּימִינוֹ וְהֶעֱלָהוּ, וְהוֹשִׁיט לוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
§ The mishna states that placing hands is not performed upon a slaughtered offering. The Gemara questions this: And is there no instance of placing hands performed on slaughtered animals? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Tamid 33b): When the High Priest would want to sacrifice the daily offering, as it is his right to be the one to sacrifice it whenever he wishes to, he would ascend the ramp to the top of the altar, and the deputy [segan] High Priest would also ascend to the right of the High Priest. If it occurred that the High Priest reached halfway up the ramp and grew tired, the deputy would hold him by his right hand to assist him and would bring him up to the top of the altar. And the first of the group of priests who had been selected to bring the limbs of the daily offering to the altar would hold out the head and the right hind leg of the offering to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them, and then he would throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
הוֹשִׁיט הַשֵּׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם, נוֹתְנוֹ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן. נִשְׁמַט הַשֵּׁנִי וְהָלַךְ לוֹ, וְכָךְ הָיוּ מוֹשִׁיטִין לוֹ שְׁאָר כׇּל הָאֵבָרִים, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
Then the second priest would hold out the two forelegs to the first priest, and the first priest would give them to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them and then throw them onto the fire. At this stage the second priest would slip away and leave, as he was no longer needed. The first priest remained where he was, as he was still needed to present the other limbs of the offering to the High Priest. And in this manner the other priests who had been selected would hold out the rest of all the limbs to the first priest, who would present them to the High Priest, who would then place his hands upon them and throw them onto the fire.
וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה – הוּא סוֹמֵךְ, וַאֲחֵרִים זוֹרְקִין.
The mishna concludes: And when the High Priest wants, he may merely place his hands upon the limbs, and then the other priests throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָתָם מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ דְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל.
This mishna apparently demonstrates an instance of placing hands performed upon a slaughtered animal. In resolution of this difficulty, Abaye said: In the mishna there, the placing of hands is not in fulfillment of the requirement to do so to an offering; rather, it is done merely due to the eminence of the High Priest, so that his sacrifice of the limbs of an offering is more distinguished than when performed by ordinary priests.
הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת.
מַתְנִי׳ שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת אַחַת אַחַת. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם. וּבִדְפוּס הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן; כְּשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָן, נוֹתְנָן לִדְפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְקַלְקְלוּ.
MISHNA: The two loaves that are brought on the festival of Shavuot from the new wheat are each made from a tenth of an ephah of fine flour. They are kneaded one by one and they are baked one by one, i.e., each loaf is placed separately in the oven. The loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one and baked two by two, i.e., two loaves are placed in the oven at the same time. And the baker would prepare the shewbread in a mold [defus] when he made the dough. When he removes the shewbread from the oven he again places the loaves in a mold so that their shape will not be ruined.
גְּמָ׳ מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים יִהְיֶה הַחַלָּה הָאֶחָת״ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת.
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the two loaves are kneaded one by one and baked one by one. The loaves of the shewbread are also kneaded one by one but are baked two at a time. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? They are derived from a verse, as the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes from it; two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake. And you shall set them in two arrangements, six in an arrangement, upon the pure Table before the Lord” (Leviticus 24:5–6). The phrase “Two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake” teaches that the loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one.
מִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כָּךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״יִהְיֶה״. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאֲפִיָּיתָן שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״. יָכוֹל אַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כֵּן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״אוֹתָם״.
The baraita continues: From where is it derived that this is also the halakha with regard to the two loaves, i.e., that they are kneaded one at a time? The verse states: “Shall be,” to include the two loaves. And from where is it derived that the baking of the loaves of the shewbread is performed two by two? The verse states: “And you shall set them [vesamta otam],” the plural form indicating that two loaves should be baked together. One might have thought that the two loaves brought on Shavuot should also be baked in this manner. The verse states: “Them [otam],” which is a term of exclusion, indicating that only the loaves of the shewbread are baked two at a time, but not the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
הַאי ״אוֹתָם״, הָא אַפֵּיקְתֵּיהּ? אִם כֵּן, לֵימָא קְרָא ״וְשַׂמְתָּם״! מַאי ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״? שָׁמְעַתְּ מִינַּהּ תַּרְתֵּי.
The Gemara asks: Didn’t you already derive from this term: “Them,” that the shewbread must be baked two loaves at a time? The Gemara answers: If so, i.e., if the term “them” teaches only that the shewbread is baked two loaves at a time, let the verse say: And you shall set them [vesamtam], using the shortened form. What is the verse teaching by using the longer form “vesamta otam”? You may learn from the verse two matters, both that the loaves of the shewbread should be baked two at a time and that this requirement does not apply to the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״ – בִּדְפוּס. שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּפוּסִין הֵם: נוֹתְנָהּ לִדְפוּס וַעֲדַיִין הִיא בָּצֵק, וּכְמִין דְּפוּס הָיָה לָהּ בַּתַּנּוּר, וּכְשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָהּ נוֹתְנָהּ בַּדְּפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְקַלְקֵל. וְלַהְדְּרַהּ לִדְפוּס קַמָּא? כֵּיוָן דְּאָפֵי לַהּ, נָפְחָה.
§ The mishna teaches that the shewbread was placed in a mold, and with regard to this the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall set them” (Leviticus 24:6), which means to set them in a mold. There are three molds that are used in the Temple in the preparation of the loaves. First, the baker places the shewbread in a mold while it is still dough. And second, there was a type of mold for the shewbread in the oven, in which the loaves were baked. And when he removes [rodah] the shewbread from the oven, he places it in a third mold so that its shape will not be ruined. The Gemara asks: But why is a third mold necessary? Let him return the shewbread to the first mold, in which the dough was kneaded. The Gemara answers: Once the dough is baked, it rises, and no longer fits into the first mold.
אִיתְּמַר: לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ?
§ It was stated: How is the shewbread prepared, i.e., in what shape?
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
Rabbi Ḥanina says: It was rectangular, with a wide base and two parallel walls with an open space between them, like a box that is open on two sides. Rabbi Yoḥanan says that the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., a triangular-shaped boat with a narrow base from which two walls rise at angles. Since the boat does not have a wide base it rocks from side to side.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין? מָקוֹם עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the bowls of frankincense could rest upon it. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the bowls rest upon it? The Gemara answers: The baker prepared a flat place for the bowls to rest, on the side of the shewbread.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי קָנִים, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – קָנִים הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי? מוּרְשָׁא עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the rods could rest upon the it. The shewbread was placed on the Table in two arrangements. In each arrangement the lowest loaf was placed on the Table and the remaining loaves were set one above the other, with rods separating the loaves. There were fourteen rods for each arrangement, each loaf being placed upon three rods, except for the uppermost loaf, which was placed on only two rods. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how were the rods resting upon the shewbread? Since the loaves had a narrow base, they would rest on only one rod. The Gemara answers: The baker would make a protrusion in the base of the loaves, which would slightly widen their pointed base, enabling them to rest with stability upon the rods.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דְּסָמְכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי סְמַכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם? דְּעָגִיל לְהוּ מִיעְגָּל.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the panels would support the loaves. There were four gold panels that stood at the two sides of the Table and rose up above the height of the Table, and the rods rested on these panels. The loaves were placed lengthwise along the entire width of the Table, and the panels supported the two sides of the loaves, preventing them from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the panels support the loaves? Since the sides of the shewbread rose at an angle, the panels would touch only the upper edges of the shewbread. The Gemara answers that the panels would be made to curve inward at an angle corresponding to the angle of the shewbread, so that the panels supported the loaves along their entire length.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הַיְינוּ דְּבָעֵינַן סְנִיפִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין לְמָה לִי? אַגַּב יוּקְרָא דְּלֶחֶם תָּלַח.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, this is the reason that we require panels. Since the loaves do not have a wide base they cannot stand on their own without the support of the rods and panels. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, why do I need panels? The loaves could stand without the assistance of rods and panels. The Gemara answers: If there were no panels supporting the loaves from the sides and the loaves were placed on top of each other, due to the weight of the upper loaves the lower loaves would break [telaḥ].
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין הֵיכָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אַאַרְעָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אִין, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר מֶמֶל: לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין, לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע מוּנָּחִין.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, it is evident that the panels are placed on the Table, in order to prevent the slanted loaves from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, where would the priest place the panels? Since the wide base of the loaves reached the edge of the Table, there was no room for the panels there. Would the priest place them on the ground? The Gemara answers: Yes, the panels were placed on the ground, as Rabbi Abba bar Memel said: According to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a rocking boat, the panels are placed on the Table, whereas according to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, the panels are placed on the ground.
כְּמַאן אָזְלָא הָא דְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: הַלֶּחֶם מַעֲמִיד אֶת הַסְּנִיפִין, וְהַסְּנִיפִין מַעֲמִידִין אֶת הַלֶּחֶם? כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which Rabbi Yehuda said: The loaves support the panels and the panels support the loaves, i.e., they lean against one another? It is in accordance with the opinion of the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., Rabbi Yoḥanan. According to the opinion of Rabbi Ḥanina, the panels stood on the ground and did not require the support of the loaves.
Follow
