Today's Daf Yomi
January 4, 2023 | י״א בטבת תשפ״ג
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This month is sponsored by Esther Kremer in loving memory of her father, Manny Gross z'l, on his 1st yahrzeit
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Masechet Nedarim is sponsored by Aviva and Benny Adler in honor of our mother Lorraine Kahane and in loving memory of our parents Joseph Kahane z"l, Miriam and Ari Adler z"l.
Nedarim 71
Today’s daf is sponsored by Elisa Hartstein in loving memory of her father Malcolm Minsk, Mordechai Nachum ben Tzvi v’Chaya Bluma, for whom she completes 11 months of kaddish today and who she misses very much. “Thanks to my kaddish buddies including daffers Judi and Emma for their support and companionship.”
The Mishnah stated that if a woman vowed while betrothed then divorced and got engaged on the same day, her father and new husband can annul the vow. Shmuel brings proof from a verse to show that this is also true for vows that the first fiancé already knew about. The Gemara brings the Tosefta to support Shmuel’s opinion. It emerges from the Tosefta that Beit Shammai believes that it is not possible for a second fiancé to break vows known to the first fiancé, but Beit Hillel holds that he can. The Gemara asks a question: If a husband divorces his wife, is the divorce considered a ratification of the vow or as silence? In what case would there be relevance to this question?
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מתני׳ נדרה והיא ארוסה נתגרשה בו ביום נתארסה בו ביום אפילו למאה אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה זה הכלל כל שלא יצאה לרשות עצמה שעה אחת אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה
MISHNA: If she took a vow as a betrothed woman and then was divorced on the same day, and she was again betrothed on the same day to another man, or even to one hundred men, one after the other, on a single day, her father and her last husband nullify her vows. This is the principle: With regard to any young woman who has not left her father’s jurisdiction and entered into her own jurisdiction for at least one moment, through full marriage or reaching majority, her father and her final husband nullify her vows.
גמ׳ מנלן דארוס אחרון מיפר נדרים שנראו לארוס ראשון אמר שמואל אמר קרא ואם היו תהיה לאיש ונדריה עליה נדרים שהיו עליה כבר דלמא הני מילי שלא נראו לארוס ראשון אבל נדרים שנראו לארוס ראשון לא מצי מיפר ארוס אחרון
GEMARA: From where do we derive that her final betrothed can nullify her vows that were disclosed to the first betrothed? Shmuel said that the verse states: “And if she be to a husband and her vows are upon her…and he nullifies her vow” (Numbers 30:7–9), indicating that he can nullify vows that were upon her already. The Gemara asks: Perhaps this statement applies only to vows that were not discerned by the first betrothed, but vows that were discerned by the first betrothed, the final betrothed cannot nullify.
עליה קרא יתירא הוא
The Gemara answers: The phrase “upon her” is a superfluous part of the verse. One can derive from it that all her vows, including those of which an earlier betrothed had been aware, can be nullified by the final betrothed.
תניא כוותיה דשמואל נערה המאורסה אביה ובעלה מפירין נדריה כיצד שמע אביה והפר לה ולא הספיק הבעל לשמוע עד שמת ונתארסה בו ביום ואפילו מאה פעמים אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה שמע בעלה והפר לה ולא הספיק האב לשמוע עד שמת הבעל חוזר האב ומפר חלקו של בעל
It is taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel: With regard to a betrothed young woman, her father and her husband together nullify her vows. How so? If her father heard and nullified the vow for her, and the husband did not manage to hear it before he died, and she was betrothed on the same day to another man, or even one hundred times on the same day, her father and her final husband nullify her vows. If her husband heard and nullified the vow for her, and the father did not manage to hear it before the husband died, the father may go back and nullify the husband’s portion.
אמר רבי נתן הן הן דברי בית שמאי אבל בית הלל אומרים אין יכול להפר במאי פליגי
Rabbi Natan said: This is the statement of Beit Shammai, that each of them nullifies half of the betrothed young woman’s vow. However, Beit Hillel say that the father cannot nullify the vow on his own. The Gemara asks: About what do Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel disagree?
בית שמאי סברי נדרים נמי שראוי לארוס נתרוקנה רשות לאב ומיגז גייז בית הלל סברי אביה ובעלה אחרון מפירין נדריה ולא מיגז גייז
The Gemara answers: Beit Shammai hold: Even with regard to vows that were disclosed to the betrothed, in the event of his death, his authority reverts to the father. In addition, when the father or husband of a young woman nullifies her vow, he severs his portion of it, enabling the father to nullify her vow on his own after the death of the betrothed. Beit Hillel hold that her father and her final husband together nullify her vows, and he who nullifies her vow does not sever it, but rather weakens its force. Even if the first betrothed was aware of the vow before his death, the father can nullify it in conjunction with another betrothed. This ruling is in accordance with the ruling of Shmuel that her final betrothed can nullify even those vows that she took while betrothed to the first man.
איבעיא להו גירושין כשתיקה דמיא או כהקמה דמיא
§ A dilemma was raised before the Sages: Is a husband’s divorce of his wife after she took a vow considered like silence, or is it considered like ratification of the vow?
למאי נפקא מינה כגון שנדרה ושמע בעלה וגרשה ואהדרה ביומיה אי אמר מר כשתיקה דמי מצי מיפר לה ואי אמר מר כהקמה דמי לא מצי מיפר לה
The Gemara asks: What is the difference between the two possibilities? In any case, he did not nullify her vow before the divorce, and once he has divorced her he can no longer do so. The Gemara answers: There is a difference in a case where she took a vow, and her husband heard the vow, and divorced her, and he remarried her on the same day. If the Master says that divorce is like silence, the husband can now nullify the vow for her, since it is the same day. But if the Master says that divorce is like ratification, he cannot nullify the vow for her, as he has ratified it by divorcing her.
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This month is sponsored by Esther Kremer in loving memory of her father, Manny Gross z'l, on his 1st yahrzeit
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Masechet Nedarim is sponsored by Aviva and Benny Adler in honor of our mother Lorraine Kahane and in loving memory of our parents Joseph Kahane z"l, Miriam and Ari Adler z"l.
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Nedarim 71
The William Davidson Talmud | Powered by Sefaria
מתני׳ נדרה והיא ארוסה נתגרשה בו ביום נתארסה בו ביום אפילו למאה אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה זה הכלל כל שלא יצאה לרשות עצמה שעה אחת אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה
MISHNA: If she took a vow as a betrothed woman and then was divorced on the same day, and she was again betrothed on the same day to another man, or even to one hundred men, one after the other, on a single day, her father and her last husband nullify her vows. This is the principle: With regard to any young woman who has not left her father’s jurisdiction and entered into her own jurisdiction for at least one moment, through full marriage or reaching majority, her father and her final husband nullify her vows.
גמ׳ מנלן דארוס אחרון מיפר נדרים שנראו לארוס ראשון אמר שמואל אמר קרא ואם היו תהיה לאיש ונדריה עליה נדרים שהיו עליה כבר דלמא הני מילי שלא נראו לארוס ראשון אבל נדרים שנראו לארוס ראשון לא מצי מיפר ארוס אחרון
GEMARA: From where do we derive that her final betrothed can nullify her vows that were disclosed to the first betrothed? Shmuel said that the verse states: “And if she be to a husband and her vows are upon her…and he nullifies her vow” (Numbers 30:7–9), indicating that he can nullify vows that were upon her already. The Gemara asks: Perhaps this statement applies only to vows that were not discerned by the first betrothed, but vows that were discerned by the first betrothed, the final betrothed cannot nullify.
עליה קרא יתירא הוא
The Gemara answers: The phrase “upon her” is a superfluous part of the verse. One can derive from it that all her vows, including those of which an earlier betrothed had been aware, can be nullified by the final betrothed.
תניא כוותיה דשמואל נערה המאורסה אביה ובעלה מפירין נדריה כיצד שמע אביה והפר לה ולא הספיק הבעל לשמוע עד שמת ונתארסה בו ביום ואפילו מאה פעמים אביה ובעלה האחרון מפירין נדריה שמע בעלה והפר לה ולא הספיק האב לשמוע עד שמת הבעל חוזר האב ומפר חלקו של בעל
It is taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Shmuel: With regard to a betrothed young woman, her father and her husband together nullify her vows. How so? If her father heard and nullified the vow for her, and the husband did not manage to hear it before he died, and she was betrothed on the same day to another man, or even one hundred times on the same day, her father and her final husband nullify her vows. If her husband heard and nullified the vow for her, and the father did not manage to hear it before the husband died, the father may go back and nullify the husband’s portion.
אמר רבי נתן הן הן דברי בית שמאי אבל בית הלל אומרים אין יכול להפר במאי פליגי
Rabbi Natan said: This is the statement of Beit Shammai, that each of them nullifies half of the betrothed young woman’s vow. However, Beit Hillel say that the father cannot nullify the vow on his own. The Gemara asks: About what do Beit Shammai and Beit Hillel disagree?
בית שמאי סברי נדרים נמי שראוי לארוס נתרוקנה רשות לאב ומיגז גייז בית הלל סברי אביה ובעלה אחרון מפירין נדריה ולא מיגז גייז
The Gemara answers: Beit Shammai hold: Even with regard to vows that were disclosed to the betrothed, in the event of his death, his authority reverts to the father. In addition, when the father or husband of a young woman nullifies her vow, he severs his portion of it, enabling the father to nullify her vow on his own after the death of the betrothed. Beit Hillel hold that her father and her final husband together nullify her vows, and he who nullifies her vow does not sever it, but rather weakens its force. Even if the first betrothed was aware of the vow before his death, the father can nullify it in conjunction with another betrothed. This ruling is in accordance with the ruling of Shmuel that her final betrothed can nullify even those vows that she took while betrothed to the first man.
איבעיא להו גירושין כשתיקה דמיא או כהקמה דמיא
§ A dilemma was raised before the Sages: Is a husband’s divorce of his wife after she took a vow considered like silence, or is it considered like ratification of the vow?
למאי נפקא מינה כגון שנדרה ושמע בעלה וגרשה ואהדרה ביומיה אי אמר מר כשתיקה דמי מצי מיפר לה ואי אמר מר כהקמה דמי לא מצי מיפר לה
The Gemara asks: What is the difference between the two possibilities? In any case, he did not nullify her vow before the divorce, and once he has divorced her he can no longer do so. The Gemara answers: There is a difference in a case where she took a vow, and her husband heard the vow, and divorced her, and he remarried her on the same day. If the Master says that divorce is like silence, the husband can now nullify the vow for her, since it is the same day. But if the Master says that divorce is like ratification, he cannot nullify the vow for her, as he has ratified it by divorcing her.
