What are the stringencies that apply to waving that don’t apply to semicha and vice-versa? What shape were the lechem hapanim?
Menachot 94
11.12.2018 | ד׳ בכסלו תשע״ט
Share this shiur:
This month’s learning is sponsored by Marci Glazer in loving memory of her teacher and chevruta, Rachel Brodie, Rachel Aviva bat Devora Chana, on her 4th yahrzeit. “She brought her love of Torah to thousands of people in her all-too-short life. A lover of Midrash, she still invited me on this Daf Yomi journey.”
Want to dedicate learning? Get started here:
English
עברית
0:00
0:00
0:00
0:00
Today’s daily daf tools:
This month’s learning is sponsored by Marci Glazer in loving memory of her teacher and chevruta, Rachel Brodie, Rachel Aviva bat Devora Chana, on her 4th yahrzeit. “She brought her love of Torah to thousands of people in her all-too-short life. A lover of Midrash, she still invited me on this Daf Yomi journey.”
Menachot 94
בְּחַיִּים וּבִשְׁחוּטִין, וּבְדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּסְּמִיכָה.
and it is practiced both in the cases of offerings when they are alive, e.g., the guilt offering of a leper and the lambs of Shavuot, and in the cases of offerings after they are slaughtered, e.g., the breast and thigh. By contrast, placing hands is practiced with a live animal. A further stringency is that waving is practiced both in the case of an item in which there is a living spirit, i.e., an animal offering, and in the case of an item in which there is not a living spirit, e.g., the omer offering, the sota meal offering, and the loaves accompanying a thanks offering and the ram of the nazirite, whereas placing hands is only ever performed upon living beings.
גְּמָ׳ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: קׇרְבָּנוֹ – לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
GEMARA: The Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states with regard to placing hands: “And he shall place his hand on the head of his offering” (Leviticus 3:2). The term “his offering” serves to include all of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands, i.e., each one must perform it.
שֶׁיָּכוֹל, וַהֲלֹא דִּין הוּא: וּמָה תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין נִתְמַעֲטָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁתִּתְמַעֵט בְּחוֹבְרִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״, לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
It is necessary for the verse to teach this, as one might have thought: Could it not be derived through an a fortiori inference that only one partner needs to place his hands on the offering? The inference is as follows: If the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, nevertheless was limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by a number of partners, as only one of them waves on behalf of all of them, then with regard to the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, and it is sufficient for one partner to place his hands on behalf of the others? To counter this inference, the verse states: “His offering,” to include each of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands.
וְתִתְרַבֶּה תְּנוּפָה בְּחוֹבְרִין מִקַּל וָחוֹמֶר: וּמָה סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין, נִתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין!
The Gemara asks: But one could suggest the opposite inference and conclude that the requirement of waving should be amplified with regard to partners, through the following a fortiori inference: If the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, was amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself, then with regard to the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself?
מִשּׁוּם דְּלָא אֶפְשָׁר, הֵיכִי לֶיעְבֵּיד? לַינְפּוּ כּוּלְּהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – קָא הָוְיָא חֲצִיצָה, לָינֵיף וְלֶיהְדַּר וְלָינֵיף – ״תְּנוּפָה״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְלֹא תְּנוּפוֹת.
The Gemara rejects this: This inference cannot be correct, because it is obvious that only one of the partners needs to perform the waving. It is not possible to have all of them perform it, as how would it be done? If one says: Let all of the partners wave together, with each one placing his hands under those of another, that is difficult: There would be an invalidating interposition between the offering and hands of the partners who are not directly holding onto the offering. And if one says: Let one partner wave, and then the next one will wave, and so on, that would also be invalid, as the Merciful One states in the Torah that one must perform a waving, using a singular noun, which indicates that one waving, but not multiple wavings, should be performed.
וּסְמִיכָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין לֵיתַהּ? וְהָתְנַן: בִּזְמַן שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל רוֹצֶה לְהַקְטִיר, הָיָה עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ, וְהַסְּגָן בִּימִינוֹ. הִגִּיעַ לְמַחֲצִית הַכֶּבֶשׁ – אָחַז סְגָן בִּימִינוֹ וְהֶעֱלָהוּ, וְהוֹשִׁיט לוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
§ The mishna states that placing hands is not performed upon a slaughtered offering. The Gemara questions this: And is there no instance of placing hands performed on slaughtered animals? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Tamid 33b): When the High Priest would want to sacrifice the daily offering, as it is his right to be the one to sacrifice it whenever he wishes to, he would ascend the ramp to the top of the altar, and the deputy [segan] High Priest would also ascend to the right of the High Priest. If it occurred that the High Priest reached halfway up the ramp and grew tired, the deputy would hold him by his right hand to assist him and would bring him up to the top of the altar. And the first of the group of priests who had been selected to bring the limbs of the daily offering to the altar would hold out the head and the right hind leg of the offering to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them, and then he would throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
הוֹשִׁיט הַשֵּׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם, נוֹתְנוֹ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן. נִשְׁמַט הַשֵּׁנִי וְהָלַךְ לוֹ, וְכָךְ הָיוּ מוֹשִׁיטִין לוֹ שְׁאָר כׇּל הָאֵבָרִים, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
Then the second priest would hold out the two forelegs to the first priest, and the first priest would give them to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them and then throw them onto the fire. At this stage the second priest would slip away and leave, as he was no longer needed. The first priest remained where he was, as he was still needed to present the other limbs of the offering to the High Priest. And in this manner the other priests who had been selected would hold out the rest of all the limbs to the first priest, who would present them to the High Priest, who would then place his hands upon them and throw them onto the fire.
וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה – הוּא סוֹמֵךְ, וַאֲחֵרִים זוֹרְקִין.
The mishna concludes: And when the High Priest wants, he may merely place his hands upon the limbs, and then the other priests throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָתָם מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ דְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל.
This mishna apparently demonstrates an instance of placing hands performed upon a slaughtered animal. In resolution of this difficulty, Abaye said: In the mishna there, the placing of hands is not in fulfillment of the requirement to do so to an offering; rather, it is done merely due to the eminence of the High Priest, so that his sacrifice of the limbs of an offering is more distinguished than when performed by ordinary priests.
הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת.
מַתְנִי׳ שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת אַחַת אַחַת. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם. וּבִדְפוּס הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן; כְּשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָן, נוֹתְנָן לִדְפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְקַלְקְלוּ.
MISHNA: The two loaves that are brought on the festival of Shavuot from the new wheat are each made from a tenth of an ephah of fine flour. They are kneaded one by one and they are baked one by one, i.e., each loaf is placed separately in the oven. The loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one and baked two by two, i.e., two loaves are placed in the oven at the same time. And the baker would prepare the shewbread in a mold [defus] when he made the dough. When he removes the shewbread from the oven he again places the loaves in a mold so that their shape will not be ruined.
גְּמָ׳ מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים יִהְיֶה הַחַלָּה הָאֶחָת״ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת.
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the two loaves are kneaded one by one and baked one by one. The loaves of the shewbread are also kneaded one by one but are baked two at a time. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? They are derived from a verse, as the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes from it; two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake. And you shall set them in two arrangements, six in an arrangement, upon the pure Table before the Lord” (Leviticus 24:5–6). The phrase “Two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake” teaches that the loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one.
מִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כָּךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״יִהְיֶה״. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאֲפִיָּיתָן שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״. יָכוֹל אַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כֵּן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״אוֹתָם״.
The baraita continues: From where is it derived that this is also the halakha with regard to the two loaves, i.e., that they are kneaded one at a time? The verse states: “Shall be,” to include the two loaves. And from where is it derived that the baking of the loaves of the shewbread is performed two by two? The verse states: “And you shall set them [vesamta otam],” the plural form indicating that two loaves should be baked together. One might have thought that the two loaves brought on Shavuot should also be baked in this manner. The verse states: “Them [otam],” which is a term of exclusion, indicating that only the loaves of the shewbread are baked two at a time, but not the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
הַאי ״אוֹתָם״, הָא אַפֵּיקְתֵּיהּ? אִם כֵּן, לֵימָא קְרָא ״וְשַׂמְתָּם״! מַאי ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״? שָׁמְעַתְּ מִינַּהּ תַּרְתֵּי.
The Gemara asks: Didn’t you already derive from this term: “Them,” that the shewbread must be baked two loaves at a time? The Gemara answers: If so, i.e., if the term “them” teaches only that the shewbread is baked two loaves at a time, let the verse say: And you shall set them [vesamtam], using the shortened form. What is the verse teaching by using the longer form “vesamta otam”? You may learn from the verse two matters, both that the loaves of the shewbread should be baked two at a time and that this requirement does not apply to the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״ – בִּדְפוּס. שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּפוּסִין הֵם: נוֹתְנָהּ לִדְפוּס וַעֲדַיִין הִיא בָּצֵק, וּכְמִין דְּפוּס הָיָה לָהּ בַּתַּנּוּר, וּכְשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָהּ נוֹתְנָהּ בַּדְּפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְקַלְקֵל. וְלַהְדְּרַהּ לִדְפוּס קַמָּא? כֵּיוָן דְּאָפֵי לַהּ, נָפְחָה.
§ The mishna teaches that the shewbread was placed in a mold, and with regard to this the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall set them” (Leviticus 24:6), which means to set them in a mold. There are three molds that are used in the Temple in the preparation of the loaves. First, the baker places the shewbread in a mold while it is still dough. And second, there was a type of mold for the shewbread in the oven, in which the loaves were baked. And when he removes [rodah] the shewbread from the oven, he places it in a third mold so that its shape will not be ruined. The Gemara asks: But why is a third mold necessary? Let him return the shewbread to the first mold, in which the dough was kneaded. The Gemara answers: Once the dough is baked, it rises, and no longer fits into the first mold.
אִיתְּמַר: לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ?
§ It was stated: How is the shewbread prepared, i.e., in what shape?
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
Rabbi Ḥanina says: It was rectangular, with a wide base and two parallel walls with an open space between them, like a box that is open on two sides. Rabbi Yoḥanan says that the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., a triangular-shaped boat with a narrow base from which two walls rise at angles. Since the boat does not have a wide base it rocks from side to side.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין? מָקוֹם עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the bowls of frankincense could rest upon it. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the bowls rest upon it? The Gemara answers: The baker prepared a flat place for the bowls to rest, on the side of the shewbread.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי קָנִים, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – קָנִים הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי? מוּרְשָׁא עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the rods could rest upon the it. The shewbread was placed on the Table in two arrangements. In each arrangement the lowest loaf was placed on the Table and the remaining loaves were set one above the other, with rods separating the loaves. There were fourteen rods for each arrangement, each loaf being placed upon three rods, except for the uppermost loaf, which was placed on only two rods. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how were the rods resting upon the shewbread? Since the loaves had a narrow base, they would rest on only one rod. The Gemara answers: The baker would make a protrusion in the base of the loaves, which would slightly widen their pointed base, enabling them to rest with stability upon the rods.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דְּסָמְכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי סְמַכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם? דְּעָגִיל לְהוּ מִיעְגָּל.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the panels would support the loaves. There were four gold panels that stood at the two sides of the Table and rose up above the height of the Table, and the rods rested on these panels. The loaves were placed lengthwise along the entire width of the Table, and the panels supported the two sides of the loaves, preventing them from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the panels support the loaves? Since the sides of the shewbread rose at an angle, the panels would touch only the upper edges of the shewbread. The Gemara answers that the panels would be made to curve inward at an angle corresponding to the angle of the shewbread, so that the panels supported the loaves along their entire length.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הַיְינוּ דְּבָעֵינַן סְנִיפִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין לְמָה לִי? אַגַּב יוּקְרָא דְּלֶחֶם תָּלַח.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, this is the reason that we require panels. Since the loaves do not have a wide base they cannot stand on their own without the support of the rods and panels. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, why do I need panels? The loaves could stand without the assistance of rods and panels. The Gemara answers: If there were no panels supporting the loaves from the sides and the loaves were placed on top of each other, due to the weight of the upper loaves the lower loaves would break [telaḥ].
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין הֵיכָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אַאַרְעָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אִין, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר מֶמֶל: לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין, לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע מוּנָּחִין.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, it is evident that the panels are placed on the Table, in order to prevent the slanted loaves from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, where would the priest place the panels? Since the wide base of the loaves reached the edge of the Table, there was no room for the panels there. Would the priest place them on the ground? The Gemara answers: Yes, the panels were placed on the ground, as Rabbi Abba bar Memel said: According to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a rocking boat, the panels are placed on the Table, whereas according to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, the panels are placed on the ground.
כְּמַאן אָזְלָא הָא דְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: הַלֶּחֶם מַעֲמִיד אֶת הַסְּנִיפִין, וְהַסְּנִיפִין מַעֲמִידִין אֶת הַלֶּחֶם? כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which Rabbi Yehuda said: The loaves support the panels and the panels support the loaves, i.e., they lean against one another? It is in accordance with the opinion of the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., Rabbi Yoḥanan. According to the opinion of Rabbi Ḥanina, the panels stood on the ground and did not require the support of the loaves.
Follow
Today’s daily daf tools:
Delve Deeper
Broaden your understanding of the topics on this daf with classes and podcasts from top women Talmud scholars.
Practical Solutions or Conceptual Distinctions? A Chatzitzah in Tenufah
03.14.2026 | כ״ה באדר תשפ״ו
Menahot 60: Bringing the Grain-Offering Near and/or Waving It
03.12.2026 | כ״ג באדר תשפ״ו
New to Talmud?
Check out our resources designed to help you navigate a page of Talmud – and study at the pace, level and style that fits you.
The Hadran Women’s Tapestry
Meet the diverse women learning Gemara at Hadran and hear their stories.
I started learning at the beginning of the cycle after a friend persuaded me that it would be right up my alley. I was lucky enough to learn at Rabbanit Michelle’s house before it started on zoom and it was quickly part of my daily routine. I find it so important to see for myself where halachot were derived, where stories were told and to get more insight into how the Rabbis interacted.
Deborah Dickson
Ra’anana, Israel
I started learning Gemara at the Yeshivah of Flatbush. And I resumed ‘ברוך ה decades later with Rabbanit Michele at Hadran. I started from Brachot and have had an exciting, rewarding experience throughout seder Moed!
Anne Mirsky
Maale Adumim, Israel
I was moved to tears by the Hadran Siyyum HaShas. I have learned Torah all my life, but never connected to learning Gemara on a regular basis until then. Seeing the sheer joy Talmud Torah at the siyyum, I felt compelled to be part of it, and I haven’t missed a day!
It’s not always easy, but it is so worthwhile, and it has strengthened my love of learning. It is part of my life now.
Michelle Lewis
Beit Shemesh, Israel
I started learning daf in January, 2020, being inspired by watching the Siyyum Hashas in Binyanei Haumah. I wasn’t sure I would be able to keep up with the task. When I went to school, Gemara was not an option. Fast forward to March, 2022, and each day starts with the daf. The challenge is now learning the intricacies of delving into the actual learning. Hadran community, thank you!
Rochel Cheifetz
Riverdale, NY, United States
The first month I learned Daf Yomi by myself in secret, because I wasn’t sure how my husband would react, but after the siyyum on Masechet Brachot I discovered Hadran and now sometimes my husband listens to the daf with me. He and I also learn mishnayot together and are constantly finding connections between the different masechtot.
Laura Warshawsky
Silver Spring, Maryland, United States
Attending the Siyyum in Jerusalem 26 months ago inspired me to become part of this community of learners. So many aspects of Jewish life have been illuminated by what we have learned in Seder Moed. My day is not complete without daf Yomi. I am so grateful to Rabbanit Michelle and the Hadran Community.
Nancy Kolodny
Newton, United States
After all the hype on the 2020 siyum I became inspired by a friend to begin learning as the new cycle began.with no background in studying Talmud it was a bit daunting in the beginning. my husband began at the same time so we decided to study on shabbat together. The reaction from my 3 daughters has been fantastic. They are very proud. It’s been a great challenge for my brain which is so healthy!
Stacey Goodstein Ashtamker
Modi’in, Israel
I began my journey two years ago at the beginning of this cycle of the daf yomi. It has been an incredible, challenging experience and has given me a new perspective of Torah Sh’baal Peh and the role it plays in our lives
linda kalish-marcus
Efrat, Israel
After experiences over the years of asking to join gemara shiurim for men and either being refused by the maggid shiur or being the only women there, sometimes behind a mechitza, I found out about Hadran sometime during the tail end of Masechet Shabbat, I think. Life has been much better since then.
Madeline Cohen
London, United Kingdom
Studying has changed my life view on הלכה and יהדות and time. It has taught me bonudaries of the human nature and honesty of our sages in their discourse to try and build a nation of caring people .
Goldie Gilad
Kfar Saba, Israel
I had never heard of Daf Yomi and after reading the book, The Weight of Ink, I explored more about it. I discovered that it was only 6 months before a whole new cycle started and I was determined to give it a try. I tried to get a friend to join me on the journey but after the first few weeks they all dropped it. I haven’t missed a day of reading and of listening to the podcast.
Anne Rubin
Elkins Park, United States
When I began the previous cycle, I promised myself that if I stuck with it, I would reward myself with a trip to Israel. Little did I know that the trip would involve attending the first ever women’s siyum and being inspired by so many learners. I am now over 2 years into my second cycle and being part of this large, diverse, fascinating learning family has enhanced my learning exponentially.
Shira Krebs
Minnesota, United States
I read Ilana Kurshan’s “If All the Seas Were Ink” which inspired me. Then the Women’s Siyum in Jerusalem in 2020 convinced me, I knew I had to join! I have loved it- it’s been a constant in my life daily, many of the sugiyot connect to our lives. My family and friends all are so supportive. It’s incredible being part of this community and love how diverse it is! I am so excited to learn more!
Shira Jacobowitz
Jerusalem, Israel
I started learning at the beginning of this Daf Yomi cycle because I heard a lot about the previous cycle coming to an end and thought it would be a good thing to start doing. My husband had already bought several of the Koren Talmud Bavli books and they were just sitting on the shelf, not being used, so here was an opportunity to start using them and find out exactly what was in them. Loving it!
Caroline Levison
Borehamwood, United Kingdom
I went to day school in Toronto but really began to learn when I attended Brovenders back in the early 1980’s. Last year after talking to my sister who was learning Daf Yomi, inspired, I looked on the computer and the Hadran site came up. I have been listening to each days shiur in the morning as I work. I emphasis listening since I am not sitting with a Gamara. I listen while I work in my studio.
Rachel Rotenberg
Tekoa, Israel
Having never learned Talmud before, I started Daf Yomi in hopes of connecting to the Rabbinic tradition, sharing a daily idea on Instagram (@dafyomiadventures). With Hadran and Sefaria, I slowly gained confidence in my skills and understanding. Now, part of the Pardes Jewish Educators Program, I can’t wait to bring this love of learning with me as I continue to pass it on to my future students.
Hannah Greenberg
Pennsylvania, United States
After reading the book, “ If All The Seas Were Ink “ by Ileana Kurshan I started studying Talmud. I searched and studied with several teachers until I found Michelle Farber. I have been studying with her for two years. I look forward every day to learn from her.
Janine Rubens
Virginia, United States
I’ve been studying Talmud since the ’90s, and decided to take on Daf Yomi two years ago. I wanted to attempt the challenge of a day-to-day, very Jewish activity. Some days are so interesting and some days are so boring. But I’m still here.
Wendy Rozov
Phoenix, AZ, United States
My curiosity was peaked after seeing posts about the end of the last cycle. I am always looking for opportunities to increase my Jewish literacy & I am someone that is drawn to habit and consistency. Dinnertime includes a “Guess what I learned on the daf” segment for my husband and 18 year old twins. I also love the feelings of connection with my colleagues who are also learning.
Diana Bloom
Tampa, United States
I graduated college in December 2019 and received a set of shas as a present from my husband. With my long time dream of learning daf yomi, I had no idea that a new cycle was beginning just one month later, in January 2020. I have been learning the daf ever since with Michelle Farber… Through grad school, my first job, my first baby, and all the other incredible journeys over the past few years!
Sigal Spitzer Flamholz
Bronx, United States
Menachot 94
בְּחַיִּים וּבִשְׁחוּטִין, וּבְדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים וּבְדָבָר שֶׁאֵין בּוֹ רוּחַ חַיִּים, מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּסְּמִיכָה.
and it is practiced both in the cases of offerings when they are alive, e.g., the guilt offering of a leper and the lambs of Shavuot, and in the cases of offerings after they are slaughtered, e.g., the breast and thigh. By contrast, placing hands is practiced with a live animal. A further stringency is that waving is practiced both in the case of an item in which there is a living spirit, i.e., an animal offering, and in the case of an item in which there is not a living spirit, e.g., the omer offering, the sota meal offering, and the loaves accompanying a thanks offering and the ram of the nazirite, whereas placing hands is only ever performed upon living beings.
גְּמָ׳ תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: קׇרְבָּנוֹ – לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
GEMARA: The Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states with regard to placing hands: “And he shall place his hand on the head of his offering” (Leviticus 3:2). The term “his offering” serves to include all of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands, i.e., each one must perform it.
שֶׁיָּכוֹל, וַהֲלֹא דִּין הוּא: וּמָה תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין נִתְמַעֲטָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁתִּתְמַעֵט בְּחוֹבְרִין? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״קׇרְבָּנוֹ״, לְרַבּוֹת כׇּל בַּעֲלֵי קׇרְבָּן לִסְמִיכָה.
It is necessary for the verse to teach this, as one might have thought: Could it not be derived through an a fortiori inference that only one partner needs to place his hands on the offering? The inference is as follows: If the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, nevertheless was limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by a number of partners, as only one of them waves on behalf of all of them, then with regard to the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also limited with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, and it is sufficient for one partner to place his hands on behalf of the others? To counter this inference, the verse states: “His offering,” to include each of the owners of an offering in the requirement of placing hands.
וְתִתְרַבֶּה תְּנוּפָה בְּחוֹבְרִין מִקַּל וָחוֹמֶר: וּמָה סְמִיכָה שֶׁלֹּא נִתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין, נִתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין, תְּנוּפָה שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין – אֵינוֹ דִּין שֶׁנִּתְרַבְּתָה בְּחוֹבְרִין!
The Gemara asks: But one could suggest the opposite inference and conclude that the requirement of waving should be amplified with regard to partners, through the following a fortiori inference: If the requirement of placing hands, which was not amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, was amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself, then with regard to the requirement of waving, which was amplified to apply also to slaughtered animals, is it not logical that it was also amplified with regard to an offering jointly owned by partners, requiring each partner to perform it himself?
מִשּׁוּם דְּלָא אֶפְשָׁר, הֵיכִי לֶיעְבֵּיד? לַינְפּוּ כּוּלְּהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי – קָא הָוְיָא חֲצִיצָה, לָינֵיף וְלֶיהְדַּר וְלָינֵיף – ״תְּנוּפָה״ אָמַר רַחֲמָנָא, וְלֹא תְּנוּפוֹת.
The Gemara rejects this: This inference cannot be correct, because it is obvious that only one of the partners needs to perform the waving. It is not possible to have all of them perform it, as how would it be done? If one says: Let all of the partners wave together, with each one placing his hands under those of another, that is difficult: There would be an invalidating interposition between the offering and hands of the partners who are not directly holding onto the offering. And if one says: Let one partner wave, and then the next one will wave, and so on, that would also be invalid, as the Merciful One states in the Torah that one must perform a waving, using a singular noun, which indicates that one waving, but not multiple wavings, should be performed.
וּסְמִיכָה בִּשְׁחוּטִין לֵיתַהּ? וְהָתְנַן: בִּזְמַן שֶׁכֹּהֵן גָּדוֹל רוֹצֶה לְהַקְטִיר, הָיָה עוֹלֶה בַּכֶּבֶשׁ, וְהַסְּגָן בִּימִינוֹ. הִגִּיעַ לְמַחֲצִית הַכֶּבֶשׁ – אָחַז סְגָן בִּימִינוֹ וְהֶעֱלָהוּ, וְהוֹשִׁיט לוֹ הָרִאשׁוֹן הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
§ The mishna states that placing hands is not performed upon a slaughtered offering. The Gemara questions this: And is there no instance of placing hands performed on slaughtered animals? But didn’t we learn in a mishna (Tamid 33b): When the High Priest would want to sacrifice the daily offering, as it is his right to be the one to sacrifice it whenever he wishes to, he would ascend the ramp to the top of the altar, and the deputy [segan] High Priest would also ascend to the right of the High Priest. If it occurred that the High Priest reached halfway up the ramp and grew tired, the deputy would hold him by his right hand to assist him and would bring him up to the top of the altar. And the first of the group of priests who had been selected to bring the limbs of the daily offering to the altar would hold out the head and the right hind leg of the offering to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them, and then he would throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
הוֹשִׁיט הַשֵּׁנִי לָרִאשׁוֹן שְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם, נוֹתְנוֹ לְכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן. נִשְׁמַט הַשֵּׁנִי וְהָלַךְ לוֹ, וְכָךְ הָיוּ מוֹשִׁיטִין לוֹ שְׁאָר כׇּל הָאֵבָרִים, סוֹמֵךְ עֲלֵיהֶם וְזוֹרְקָן.
Then the second priest would hold out the two forelegs to the first priest, and the first priest would give them to the High Priest, who would place his hands upon them and then throw them onto the fire. At this stage the second priest would slip away and leave, as he was no longer needed. The first priest remained where he was, as he was still needed to present the other limbs of the offering to the High Priest. And in this manner the other priests who had been selected would hold out the rest of all the limbs to the first priest, who would present them to the High Priest, who would then place his hands upon them and throw them onto the fire.
וּבִזְמַן שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה – הוּא סוֹמֵךְ, וַאֲחֵרִים זוֹרְקִין.
The mishna concludes: And when the High Priest wants, he may merely place his hands upon the limbs, and then the other priests throw the limbs onto the fire of the altar.
אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: הָתָם מִשּׁוּם כְּבוֹדוֹ דְּכֹהֵן גָּדוֹל.
This mishna apparently demonstrates an instance of placing hands performed upon a slaughtered animal. In resolution of this difficulty, Abaye said: In the mishna there, the placing of hands is not in fulfillment of the requirement to do so to an offering; rather, it is done merely due to the eminence of the High Priest, so that his sacrifice of the limbs of an offering is more distinguished than when performed by ordinary priests.
הֲדַרַן עֲלָךְ שְׁתֵּי מִדּוֹת.
מַתְנִי׳ שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת אַחַת אַחַת. לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים נִילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת, וְנֶאֱפוֹת שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם. וּבִדְפוּס הָיָה עוֹשֶׂה אוֹתָן; כְּשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָן, נוֹתְנָן לִדְפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְקַלְקְלוּ.
MISHNA: The two loaves that are brought on the festival of Shavuot from the new wheat are each made from a tenth of an ephah of fine flour. They are kneaded one by one and they are baked one by one, i.e., each loaf is placed separately in the oven. The loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one and baked two by two, i.e., two loaves are placed in the oven at the same time. And the baker would prepare the shewbread in a mold [defus] when he made the dough. When he removes the shewbread from the oven he again places the loaves in a mold so that their shape will not be ruined.
גְּמָ׳ מְנָא הָנֵי מִילֵּי? דְּתָנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״שְׁנֵי עֶשְׂרֹנִים יִהְיֶה הַחַלָּה הָאֶחָת״ – מְלַמֵּד שֶׁנִּילּוֹשׁוֹת אַחַת אַחַת.
GEMARA: The mishna teaches that the two loaves are kneaded one by one and baked one by one. The loaves of the shewbread are also kneaded one by one but are baked two at a time. The Gemara asks: From where are these matters derived? They are derived from a verse, as the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall take fine flour, and bake twelve cakes from it; two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake. And you shall set them in two arrangements, six in an arrangement, upon the pure Table before the Lord” (Leviticus 24:5–6). The phrase “Two-tenths of an ephah shall be in one cake” teaches that the loaves of the shewbread are kneaded one by one.
מִנַּיִן שֶׁאַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כָּךְ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״יִהְיֶה״. וּמִנַּיִן שֶׁאֲפִיָּיתָן שְׁתַּיִם שְׁתַּיִם? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״. יָכוֹל אַף שְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם כֵּן? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר ״אוֹתָם״.
The baraita continues: From where is it derived that this is also the halakha with regard to the two loaves, i.e., that they are kneaded one at a time? The verse states: “Shall be,” to include the two loaves. And from where is it derived that the baking of the loaves of the shewbread is performed two by two? The verse states: “And you shall set them [vesamta otam],” the plural form indicating that two loaves should be baked together. One might have thought that the two loaves brought on Shavuot should also be baked in this manner. The verse states: “Them [otam],” which is a term of exclusion, indicating that only the loaves of the shewbread are baked two at a time, but not the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
הַאי ״אוֹתָם״, הָא אַפֵּיקְתֵּיהּ? אִם כֵּן, לֵימָא קְרָא ״וְשַׂמְתָּם״! מַאי ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״? שָׁמְעַתְּ מִינַּהּ תַּרְתֵּי.
The Gemara asks: Didn’t you already derive from this term: “Them,” that the shewbread must be baked two loaves at a time? The Gemara answers: If so, i.e., if the term “them” teaches only that the shewbread is baked two loaves at a time, let the verse say: And you shall set them [vesamtam], using the shortened form. What is the verse teaching by using the longer form “vesamta otam”? You may learn from the verse two matters, both that the loaves of the shewbread should be baked two at a time and that this requirement does not apply to the two loaves brought on Shavuot.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: ״וְשַׂמְתָּ אוֹתָם״ – בִּדְפוּס. שְׁלֹשָׁה דְּפוּסִין הֵם: נוֹתְנָהּ לִדְפוּס וַעֲדַיִין הִיא בָּצֵק, וּכְמִין דְּפוּס הָיָה לָהּ בַּתַּנּוּר, וּכְשֶׁהוּא רוֹדָהּ נוֹתְנָהּ בַּדְּפוּס כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּתְקַלְקֵל. וְלַהְדְּרַהּ לִדְפוּס קַמָּא? כֵּיוָן דְּאָפֵי לַהּ, נָפְחָה.
§ The mishna teaches that the shewbread was placed in a mold, and with regard to this the Sages taught in a baraita: The verse states: “And you shall set them” (Leviticus 24:6), which means to set them in a mold. There are three molds that are used in the Temple in the preparation of the loaves. First, the baker places the shewbread in a mold while it is still dough. And second, there was a type of mold for the shewbread in the oven, in which the loaves were baked. And when he removes [rodah] the shewbread from the oven, he places it in a third mold so that its shape will not be ruined. The Gemara asks: But why is a third mold necessary? Let him return the shewbread to the first mold, in which the dough was kneaded. The Gemara answers: Once the dough is baked, it rises, and no longer fits into the first mold.
אִיתְּמַר: לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים, כֵּיצַד עוֹשִׂין אוֹתוֹ?
§ It was stated: How is the shewbread prepared, i.e., in what shape?
רַבִּי חֲנִינָא אָמַר: כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן אָמַר: כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
Rabbi Ḥanina says: It was rectangular, with a wide base and two parallel walls with an open space between them, like a box that is open on two sides. Rabbi Yoḥanan says that the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., a triangular-shaped boat with a narrow base from which two walls rise at angles. Since the boat does not have a wide base it rocks from side to side.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי בָּזִיכִין? מָקוֹם עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the bowls of frankincense could rest upon it. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the bowls rest upon it? The Gemara answers: The baker prepared a flat place for the bowls to rest, on the side of the shewbread.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דַּהֲווֹ יָתְבִי קָנִים, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – קָנִים הֵיכִי הֲווֹ יָתְבִי? מוּרְשָׁא עָבֵיד לְהוּ.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the rods could rest upon the it. The shewbread was placed on the Table in two arrangements. In each arrangement the lowest loaf was placed on the Table and the remaining loaves were set one above the other, with rods separating the loaves. There were fourteen rods for each arrangement, each loaf being placed upon three rods, except for the uppermost loaf, which was placed on only two rods. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how were the rods resting upon the shewbread? Since the loaves had a narrow base, they would rest on only one rod. The Gemara answers: The baker would make a protrusion in the base of the loaves, which would slightly widen their pointed base, enabling them to rest with stability upon the rods.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – הַיְינוּ דְּסָמְכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הֵיכִי סְמַכִי לֵיהּ סְנִיפִין לְלֶחֶם? דְּעָגִיל לְהוּ מִיעְגָּל.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, this is the reason that the panels would support the loaves. There were four gold panels that stood at the two sides of the Table and rose up above the height of the Table, and the rods rested on these panels. The loaves were placed lengthwise along the entire width of the Table, and the panels supported the two sides of the loaves, preventing them from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, how would the panels support the loaves? Since the sides of the shewbread rose at an angle, the panels would touch only the upper edges of the shewbread. The Gemara answers that the panels would be made to curve inward at an angle corresponding to the angle of the shewbread, so that the panels supported the loaves along their entire length.
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – הַיְינוּ דְּבָעֵינַן סְנִיפִין, אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין לְמָה לִי? אַגַּב יוּקְרָא דְּלֶחֶם תָּלַח.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, this is the reason that we require panels. Since the loaves do not have a wide base they cannot stand on their own without the support of the rods and panels. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, why do I need panels? The loaves could stand without the assistance of rods and panels. The Gemara answers: If there were no panels supporting the loaves from the sides and the loaves were placed on top of each other, due to the weight of the upper loaves the lower loaves would break [telaḥ].
בִּשְׁלָמָא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין. אֶלָּא לְמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין הֵיכָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אַאַרְעָא מַנַּח לְהוּ? אִין, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי אַבָּא בַּר מֶמֶל: לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי שֻׁלְחָן מוּנָּחִין, לְדִבְרֵי הָאוֹמֵר כְּמִין תֵּיבָה פְּרוּצָה – סְנִיפִין עַל גַּבֵּי קַרְקַע מוּנָּחִין.
The Gemara comments: Granted, according to the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, it is evident that the panels are placed on the Table, in order to prevent the slanted loaves from falling to the ground. The Gemara asks: But according to the one who said the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, where would the priest place the panels? Since the wide base of the loaves reached the edge of the Table, there was no room for the panels there. Would the priest place them on the ground? The Gemara answers: Yes, the panels were placed on the ground, as Rabbi Abba bar Memel said: According to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a rocking boat, the panels are placed on the Table, whereas according to the statement of the one who says the shewbread was like a box that is open on two sides, the panels are placed on the ground.
כְּמַאן אָזְלָא הָא דְאָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: הַלֶּחֶם מַעֲמִיד אֶת הַסְּנִיפִין, וְהַסְּנִיפִין מַעֲמִידִין אֶת הַלֶּחֶם? כְּמַאן דְּאָמַר כְּמִין סְפִינָה רוֹקֶדֶת.
The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is that which Rabbi Yehuda said: The loaves support the panels and the panels support the loaves, i.e., they lean against one another? It is in accordance with the opinion of the one who said the shewbread was like a rocking boat, i.e., Rabbi Yoḥanan. According to the opinion of Rabbi Ḥanina, the panels stood on the ground and did not require the support of the loaves.
Follow
