Cases regarding different issues in the lungs are discussed – are they considered treifa or not?
This month’s learning is sponsored by Marci Glazer in loving memory of her teacher and chevruta, Rachel Brodie, Rachel Aviva bat Devora Chana, on her 4th yahrzeit. “She brought her love of Torah to thousands of people in her all-too-short life. A lover of Midrash, she still invited me on this Daf Yomi journey.”
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This month’s learning is sponsored by Marci Glazer in loving memory of her teacher and chevruta, Rachel Brodie, Rachel Aviva bat Devora Chana, on her 4th yahrzeit. “She brought her love of Torah to thousands of people in her all-too-short life. A lover of Midrash, she still invited me on this Daf Yomi journey.”
Chullin 47
וְאָמַר רָבָא: הָנֵי תַּרְתֵּי בּוּעֵי דִּסְמִיכָן לַהֲדָדֵי, לֵית לְהוּ בְּדִיקוּתָא. חֲדָא וּמִתְחַזְיָא כְּתַרְתֵּי – מַיְיתִינַן סִילְוָא וּבָזְעִינַן לַהּ, אִי שָׁפְכָן לַהֲדָדֵי – חֲדָא הִיא וּכְשֵׁרָה, וְאִי לָא – תַּרְתֵּי נִינְהוּ וּטְרֵפָה.
And Rava says: These two cysts that are adjacent to one another on the lung have no need for inspection. The animal is definitely a tereifa, since it is presumed that the cysts formed around a perforation in the lung. But if there is only one cyst that looks like two, due to a depression in the middle, we bring a thorn and pierce it to remove the fluid inside. If the fluids from either side empty into one another, this indicates that it is one cyst, and the animal is kosher. And if not, they are two separate cysts, and the animal is a tereifa.
וְאָמַר רָבָא: חָמֵשׁ אוּנֵּי אִית לַהּ לְרֵיאָה, אַפַּהּ כְּלַפֵּי גַּבְרָא – תְּלָתָא מִיַּמִּינָא וְתַרְתֵּי מִשְּׂמָאלָא. חַסִּיר אוֹ יַתִּיר אוֹ חֲלִיף – טְרֵפָה.
§ And Rava says: The lung has five lobes [unnei]. When the animal hangs by its legs with its face toward the person checking it, he sees three lobes on his right and two on his left. If the animal is missing a lobe or has an extra lobe, or if the lobes were switched, with two on the right and three on the left, the animal is a tereifa.
הָהוּא יַתִּירְתָּא דַּאֲתַאי לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּמָרִימָר, הֲוָה יָתֵיב רַב אַחָא אַבָּבָא. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאי אֲמַר לָךְ? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: אַכְשְׁרַהּ נִיהֲלִי. אֲמַר לֵיהּ: הֲדַר עַיְּילַהּ קַמֵּיהּ! אֲמַר לֵיהּ: זִיל אֵימָא לֵיהּ לְמַאן דְּיָתֵיב אַבָּבָא, לֵית הִלְכְתָא כְּוָותֵיהּ דְּרָבָא בִּיתֶרֶת.
The Gemara relates that a certain lung that had an extra lobe was brought before Mareimar. Rav Aḥa was sitting at the door of Mareimar’s house. When the animal’s owner was leaving, Rav Aḥa said to him: What did Mareimar say to you? The man said to him: Mareimar deemed it kosher. Rav Aḥa was surprised by this, because it contradicts Rava’s statement, so he said to him: Turn around and bring the animal before him. The owner did so. Mareimar realized why he was being asked twice, and said to him: Go tell whomever is sitting at the door: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rava in the case of an animal that has an extra lobe.
וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי – דְּקָיְימָא בְּדָרָא דְּאוּנֵּי, אֲבָל בֵּינֵי בֵּינֵי – טְרֵפָה.
The Gemara adds: And this statement applies only when the extra lobe stands in line with the other lobes, on the left or right. But if it is in between the two sides, the animal is a tereifa.
הָהוּא בֵּינֵי בֵּינֵי דַּאֲתָא לְקַמֵּיהּ דְּרַב אָשֵׁי, סָבַר רַב אָשֵׁי לְמִיטְרְפַהּ. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב הוּנָא מָר בַּר אַוְיָא: כֹּל הָנֵי חֵיוֵי בָּרָיָיתָא הָכִי אִית לְהוּ, וְקָרוּ לַהּ טַבָּחֵי עֵינוּנִיתָא דְּוַורְדָּא. וְהָנֵי מִילֵּי מִגַּוַּאי,
The Gemara relates that a certain animal with an extra lobe in between the two sides was brought before Rav Ashi. Rav Ashi thought to deem it a tereifa. Rav Huna Mar bar Avya said to him: All those animals that graze outside in the fields have extra lobes like this, and butchers call it the little rose lobe. The Gemara adds: And this statement applies only when the extra lobe is on the inside face of the lung, facing the heart.
אֲבָל אַגַּבַּהּ, אֲפִילּוּ כְּטַרְפָּא דְאָסָא – טְרֵפָה.
But if it is on the back of the lung, even if it is as small as a myrtle leaf, the animal is a tereifa.
אָמַר רַפְרָם: הַאי רֵיאָה דְּדָמְיָא לְאוּפְתָּא – טְרֵפָה. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי בַּחֲזוּתָא, וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי בְּגִישְׁתָּא. אִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי דִּנְפִיחָה, וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי דִּפְחִיזָא, וְאִיכָּא דְּאָמְרִי דְּשִׁיעָא, דְּלֵית לַהּ חִיתּוּכָא דְאוּנֵּי.
§ Rafram says: This lung that is similar to a chip of wood renders the animal a tereifa. There are those who say that the similarity lies in its appearance, i.e., if it is pale like wood. And there are those who say that it lies in its feeling, i.e., if it is hard like wood. There are those who say that it is swollen. And there are those who say that it is light. And there are those who say that it is completely smooth, that it has no sectioning of lobes.
אָמַר רָבָא: כְּכוּחְלָא – כְּשֵׁרָה, כִּדְיוֹתָא – טְרֵפָה, דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חֲנִינָא: שָׁחוֹר אָדוֹם הוּא, אֶלָּא שֶׁלָּקָה.
§ Rava says: If the lung assumed a dark color like eye shadow, the animal is kosher. If its color is black like ink, the animal is a tereifa. As Rabbi Ḥanina says: Menstrual blood that appears black is actually red, except that it decayed. Black color is therefore a sign of decay, and the lung is assumed to be defective.
יְרוּקָּה – כְּשֵׁרָה, מִדְּרַבִּי נָתָן. אֲדוּמָּה – כְּשֵׁרָה, מִדְּרַבִּי נָתָן. דְּתַנְיָא: רַבִּי נָתָן אוֹמֵר: פַּעַם אַחַת הָלַכְתִּי לִכְרַכֵּי הַיָּם, בָּאתָה אִשָּׁה אַחַת לְפָנַי שֶׁמָּלָה בְּנָהּ רִאשׁוֹן וָמֵת, שֵׁנִי וָמֵת, שְׁלִישִׁי – הֱבִיאַתּוּ לְפָנַי. רְאִיתִיו שֶׁהָיָה אָדוֹם, אָמַרְתִּי לָהּ: בִּתִּי, הַמְתִּינִי לוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּבָּלַע בּוֹ דָּמוֹ. הִמְתִּינָה לוֹ וּמָלָה אוֹתוֹ וְחָיָה, וְהָיוּ קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ נָתָן הַבַּבְלִי עַל שְׁמִי.
The Gemara continues: If the lung was green, the animal is kosher, as can be derived from the episode of Rabbi Natan. And if it was red, it is kosher, as can be derived from the episode of Rabbi Natan. As it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Natan says: Once I went to the cities overseas, where one woman came before me who circumcised her first son and he died, and she circumcised her second son and he died, and out of concern that circumcising her third son might cause him to die as well, she brought him before me. I saw that he was red, so I said to her: My daughter, wait for him until his blood is absorbed into him. She waited for him until his blood was absorbed into him and then circumcised him, and he survived. And they would call him Natan the Babylonian after my name. This incident indicates that a red lung can heal.
וְשׁוּב פַּעַם אַחַת הָלַכְתִּי לִמְדִינַת קַפּוֹטְקְיָא, בָּאתָה אִשָּׁה לְפָנַי, שֶׁמָּלָה בְּנָהּ רִאשׁוֹן וָמֵת, שֵׁנִי וָמֵת, שְׁלִישִׁי הֱבִיאַתּוּ לְפָנַי, רְאִיתִיו שֶׁהָיָה יָרוֹק, הֵצַצְתִּי בּוֹ וְלֹא הָיָה בּוֹ דַּם בְּרִית, אָמַרְתִּי לָהּ: בִּתִּי, הַמְתִּינִי לוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּפּוֹל בּוֹ דָּמוֹ, הִמְתִּינָה לוֹ וּמָלָה אוֹתוֹ וְחָיָה, וְהָיוּ קוֹרִין אוֹתוֹ נָתָן הַבַּבְלִי עַל שְׁמִי.
Rabbi Natan further related: And on another occasion I went to the state of Cappadocia, and a woman came before me who circumcised her first son and he died, and she circumcised her second son and he died. Out of concern that circumcising her third son might cause him to die as well, she brought him before me. I saw that he was green, i.e., pale. I looked at him and saw that he did not have the blood of circumcision in him, i.e., he had a deficiency of blood such that no blood would emerge from the circumcision. I said to her: My daughter, wait until his blood enters him. She waited for his blood to increase and then circumcised him, and he survived. And they would call his name Natan the Babylonian after my name. This incident indicates that a green lung can heal as well.
אָמַר רַב כָּהֲנָא: כְּכַבְדָּא – כְּשֵׁרָה, כְּבִשְׂרָא – טְרֵפָה, וְסִימָנָיךְ: ״וּבָשָׂר בַּשָּׂדֶה טְרֵפָה״.
Rav Kahana says: If the lung has an appearance like the liver, the animal is kosher. If it has an appearance like flesh, the animal is a tereifa. And your mnemonic to remember that the latter is a tereifa is the verse: “You shall not eat any flesh that is torn of animals [tereifa] in the field” (Exodus 22:30).
אָמַר רַב סַמָּא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא: הַאי רֵיאָה דְּדָמְיָא כִּכְשׁוּתָא, וּכְמוֹרִיקָא, וּכְגוֹן בֵּיעֲתָא – טְרֵפָה. אֶלָּא יְרוּקָּה דִּכְשֵׁרָה הֵיכִי דָּמְיָא? כְּכַרָּתֵי.
Rav Sama, son of Rava, says: This lung whose appearance resembles dodder, or saffron, or has a yellow color such as that of an egg yolk, renders the animal a tereifa. Since all of these appearances are various shades of green, the Gemara asks: But the green lung that is kosher, what is it like? The Gemara responds: It is like a leek.
אָמַר רָבִינָא: אָטוּם בְּרֵיאָה, מַיְיתִינַן סַכִּינָא וְקָרְעִינַן לַהּ, אִי אִית בַּהּ מוּגְלָא – וַדַּאי מֵחֲמַת מוּגְלָא הוּא, וּכְשֵׁרָה, וְאִי לָא – מוֹתְבִינַן עֲלַהּ גַּדְפָּא אוֹ רוּקָּא, אִי מְבַצְבְּצָא – כְּשֵׁרָה, וְאִי לָא – טְרֵפָה.
§ Ravina says: If there was a sealed area in the lung that does not inflate, we bring a knife and tear it open. If there is pus in the sealed area, then it was definitely sealed due to the pus, and the animal is kosher. But if we do not find pus there, we lay a feather or saliva on the opening and inflate the lung. If the saliva bubbles or the feather moves, the animal is kosher, since some air does reach the area, and if not, there is some defect in the lung, and the animal is a tereifa.
אָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: קְרוּם שֶׁעָלָה מֵחֲמַת מַכָּה בָּרֵיאָה – אֵינוֹ קְרוּם, וְאָמַר רַב יוֹסֵף: הַאי רֵיאָה דְּאָוְושָׁא, אִי יָדְעִינַן הֵיכָא אָוְושָׁא – מַנְּחִינַן עֲלַהּ גַּדְפָּא אוֹ גִילָא אוֹ רוּקָּא, אִי מְבַצְבְּצָא – טְרֵפָה, וְאִי לָא – כְּשֵׁרָה, וְאִי לָא יָדְעִינַן לַהּ – מַיְיתִינַן מְשִׁיכְלְתָא דְּמַיָּא פָּשׁוֹרֵי וּמוֹתְבִינַן לַהּ בְּגַוַּהּ.
Rav Yosef says: A membrane that appeared due to a wound in the lung, i.e., a scab that covered a perforation through the lung, is not considered a true membrane, since it does not last. And Rav Yosef says: With regard to this lung that emits a sound when inflated, if we know from where it emits a sound, we set a feather, or straw, or saliva on that point. If the saliva bubbles when the lung is inflated, the animal is a tereifa, since this proves that the lung is perforated through both membranes. And if not, the animal is kosher. And if we do not know from where it emits a sound, we bring a basin of tepid water and set the lung inside it.
בְּחַמִּימֵי לָא – דְּכָוְוצִי, בְּקָרִירֵי לָא – דִּמְטָרְשִׁי, אֶלָּא בָּדְקִינַן לַהּ בְּפָשׁוֹרֵי. אִי מְבַצְבְּצָא – טְרֵפָה, וְאִי לָא – כְּשֵׁרָה. תַּתָּאָה אִינְּקִיב, עִילָּאָה לָא אִינְּקִיב, וְהַאי דְּאָוְושָׁא – זִיקָא דְּבֵינֵי וּבֵינֵי הוּא.
One cannot place it in hot water, as it causes the lung to contract, closing the perforation. And one cannot place it in cold water, as it hardens the lung and may cause it to crack. Rather, we check it in tepid water. If the water bubbles, the animal is a tereifa. And if not, the animal is kosher, since it is apparent that only the inner membrane is perforated and the outer membrane is not perforated, and the fact that it emits a sound is due to the air moving in the space between the two membranes.
אָמַר עוּלָּא אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: רֵיאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה כְּקִיתוֹן, כְּשֵׁרָה. אַלְמָא קָסָבַר: חִסָּרוֹן מִבִּפְנִים לָא שְׁמֵיהּ חִסָּרוֹן.
§ Ulla says that Rabbi Yoḥanan says: An animal with a lung that liquefied and can be poured out like water from a jug is kosher. The Gemara notes: Evidently, Rabbi Yoḥanan holds that a deficiency on the inside of an organ is not considered a deficiency. Only a deficiency in the wall or membrane of an organ renders an animal a tereifa.
אֵיתִיבֵיהּ רַבִּי אַבָּא לְעוּלָּא: ״הָרֵיאָה שֶׁנִּיקְּבָה אוֹ שֶׁחָסְרָה״. מַאי חָסְרָה? אִילֵימָא מִבַּחוּץ – הַיְינוּ נִיקְּבָה! אֶלָּא לָאו מִבִּפְנִים, וּשְׁמַע מִינַּהּ: חִסָּרוֹן מִבִּפְנִים שְׁמֵיהּ חִסָּרוֹן!
Rabbi Abba raised an objection to Ulla from the mishna, which states: The lung that was perforated or that was missing a piece renders the animal a tereifa. What is the case of a lung that was missing a piece? If we say that it was missing a piece on the outside, this is the same as if it was perforated, since any missing piece of the lung wall would constitute a perforation. Rather, is it not referring to a missing piece on the inside? If so, learn from the mishna that a deficiency on the inside of an organ is considered a deficiency to render the animal a tereifa.
לָא, לְעוֹלָם מִבַּחוּץ, וּדְקָא אָמְרַתְּ הַיְינוּ נִיקְּבָה – לָא צְרִיכָא לְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, דְּאָמַר: עַד שֶׁתִּנָּקֵב לְבֵית הַסִּמְפּוֹנוֹת. הָנֵי מִילֵּי נֶקֶב דְּלֵית בֵּיהּ חִסָּרוֹן, אֲבָל נֶקֶב דְּאִית בֵּיהּ חִסָּרוֹן – אֲפִילּוּ רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן מוֹדֶה.
The Gemara responds: No, the mishna actually is referring to a missing piece on the outside. And with regard to that which you said: This is the same as if it was perforated, one may respond that no, it is necessary to mention both cases to account for the opinion of Rabbi Shimon in the mishna, who says: It is not a tereifa until the lung is perforated through to the bronchi. By mentioning both cases, the mishna teaches that this statement of Rabbi Shimon applies only to a small perforation that does not constitute a deficiency. But in the case of a perforation so large that it constitutes a deficiency, even Rabbi Shimon concedes that it renders the animal a tereifa even if the perforation does not reach the bronchi.
רַבִּי חֲנַנְיָה חֲלַשׁ, עָל לְגַבֵּיהּ רַבִּי נָתָן וְכׇל גְּדוֹלֵי הַדּוֹר, אַיְיתוֹ קַמֵּיהּ רֵיאָה שֶׁנִּשְׁפְּכָה כְּקִיתוֹן, וְאַכְשְׁרַהּ.
The Gemara relates that Rabbi Ḥananya became sick. Rabbi Natan and all the eminent scholars of the generation entered before him to visit. They brought before him a lung that could be poured out like water from a jug, and he deemed the animal kosher.
אָמַר רָבָא: וְהוּא דְּקָיְימִי סִמְפּוֹנוֹת. אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: מְנָא יָדְעִינַן? אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַיְיתִינַן צָעָא דְּקוּנְיָא, וְשָׁפְכִינַן לַהּ בְּגַוֵּיהּ. אִי אִית בַּהּ שׁוּרְיָיקֵי חִיוָּרֵי – טְרֵפָה, וְאִי לָא – כְּשֵׁרָה.
Rava said: This is the halakha only if the bronchi still exist and only the flesh of the lung has liquefied. Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: From where do we know whether the bronchi still exist? Rav Ashi said to him: We bring a glazed earthenware vessel with no cracks, so the contents can be observed, and we pour the lung into it. If there are white streaks in it, the animal is a tereifa, as the white streaks are remains of the liquefied bronchi. And if not, the animal is kosher.
אָמַר רַב נַחְמָן: רֵיאָה שֶׁנִּימּוֹקָה וּקְרוּם שֶׁלָּהּ קַיָּים – כְּשֵׁרָה. תַּנְיָא נָמֵי הָכִי: רֵיאָה שֶׁנִּימּוֹקָה וּקְרוּם שֶׁלָּהּ קַיָּים, אֲפִילּוּ מַחְזֶקֶת רְבִיעִית – כְּשֵׁרָה. נִיטְּלָה
Rav Naḥman says: If the lung was partially atrophied and only part of the flesh remains, but its membrane still exists, the animal is kosher. The Gemara notes: This is also taught in a baraita: If the lung was atrophied, but its membrane still exists, even if the space vacated by the atrophied lung can hold a quarter-log of fluid, the animal is kosher.
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Newton, United States
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Maale Adumim, Israel
Chullin 47
ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦΌΧΦΌΧ’Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ‘Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χ, ΧΦ΅ΧΧͺ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ§ΧΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ. ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΧΦ΄ΧͺΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧͺΦ·Χ¨Φ°ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ β ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ Χ‘Φ΄ΧΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ, ΧΦ΄Χ Χ©ΦΈΧΧ€Φ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χ β ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ Χ Φ΄ΧΧ Φ°ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ.
And Rava says: These two cysts that are adjacent to one another on the lung have no need for inspection. The animal is definitely a tereifa, since it is presumed that the cysts formed around a perforation in the lung. But if there is only one cyst that looks like two, due to a depression in the middle, we bring a thorn and pierce it to remove the fluid inside. If the fluids from either side empty into one another, this indicates that it is one cyst, and the animal is kosher. And if not, they are two separate cysts, and the animal is a tereifa.
ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χ©Χ ΧΧΦΌΧ Φ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ·Χ€Φ·ΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·Χ€Φ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ β ΧͺΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ·Χ¨Φ°ΧͺΦ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄Χ©Φ°ΦΌΧΧΦΈΧΧΦΈΧ. ΧΦ·Χ‘Φ΄ΦΌΧΧ¨ ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ·ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ¨ ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ²ΧΦ΄ΧΧ£ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ.
Β§ And Rava says: The lung has five lobes [unnei]. When the animal hangs by its legs with its face toward the person checking it, he sees three lobes on his right and two on his left. If the animal is missing a lobe or has an extra lobe, or if the lobes were switched, with two on the right and three on the left, the animal is a tereifa.
ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ¨Φ°ΧͺΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ²ΧͺΦ·ΧΧ ΧΦ°Χ§Φ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ¨, ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧͺΦ΅ΧΧ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ. ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ: ΧΦ·ΧΧ ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦΈΧΦ°? ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ: ΧΦ·ΧΦ°Χ©Φ°ΧΧ¨Φ·ΧΦΌ Χ Φ΄ΧΧΦ²ΧΦ΄Χ. ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ: ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ’Φ·ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦ·ΧΦΌ Χ§Φ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ! ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ: ΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧͺΦ΅ΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ΅ΧΧͺ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΧͺΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΧͺΦΆΧ¨ΦΆΧͺ.
The Gemara relates that a certain lung that had an extra lobe was brought before Mareimar. Rav AαΈ₯a was sitting at the door of Mareimarβs house. When the animalβs owner was leaving, Rav AαΈ₯a said to him: What did Mareimar say to you? The man said to him: Mareimar deemed it kosher. Rav AαΈ₯a was surprised by this, because it contradicts Ravaβs statement, so he said to him: Turn around and bring the animal before him. The owner did so. Mareimar realized why he was being asked twice, and said to him: Go tell whomever is sitting at the door: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rava in the case of an animal that has an extra lobe.
ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§ΦΈΧΦ°ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ Φ΅ΦΌΧ, ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧ Φ΅Χ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ.
The Gemara adds: And this statement applies only when the extra lobe stands in line with the other lobes, on the left or right. But if it is in between the two sides, the animal is a tereifa.
ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ²ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ§Φ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ, Χ‘ΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ¨Φ°Χ€Φ·ΧΦΌ. ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΧΦΌΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧ¨ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ¨ ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦΉΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌ, ΧΦ°Χ§ΦΈΧ¨ΧΦΌ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ΅Χ Χ’Φ΅ΧΧ ΧΦΌΧ Φ΄ΧΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·ΧΧ¨Φ°ΧΦΈΦΌΧ. ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧ,
The Gemara relates that a certain animal with an extra lobe in between the two sides was brought before Rav Ashi. Rav Ashi thought to deem it a tereifa. Rav Huna Mar bar Avya said to him: All those animals that graze outside in the fields have extra lobes like this, and butchers call it the little rose lobe. The Gemara adds: And this statement applies only when the extra lobe is on the inside face of the lung, facing the heart.
ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦΌ, ΧΦ²Χ€Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·Χ¨Φ°Χ€ΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ‘ΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ.
But if it is on the back of the lung, even if it is as small as a myrtle leaf, the animal is a tereifa.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ€Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ: ΧΦ·ΧΧ Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ€Φ°ΧͺΦΈΦΌΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ. ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ²ΧΧΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ©Φ°ΧΧͺΦΈΦΌΧ. ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Φ°Χ€Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΄Χ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΄ΧΧΧ’ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΧͺ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦΌΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ Φ΅ΦΌΧ.
Β§ Rafram says: This lung that is similar to a chip of wood renders the animal a tereifa. There are those who say that the similarity lies in its appearance, i.e., if it is pale like wood. And there are those who say that it lies in its feeling, i.e., if it is hard like wood. There are those who say that it is swollen. And there are those who say that it is light. And there are those who say that it is completely smooth, that it has no sectioning of lobes.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧͺΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ²Χ Φ΄ΧΧ ΦΈΧ: Χ©ΦΈΧΧΧΦΉΧ¨ ΧΦΈΧΧΦΉΧ ΧΧΦΌΧ, ΧΦΆΧΦΈΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ§ΦΈΧ.
Β§ Rava says: If the lung assumed a dark color like eye shadow, the animal is kosher. If its color is black like ink, the animal is a tereifa. As Rabbi αΈ€anina says: Menstrual blood that appears black is actually red, except that it decayed. Black color is therefore a sign of decay, and the lung is assumed to be defective.
ΧΦ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ§ΦΈΦΌΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ. ΧΦ²ΧΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ. ΧΦ°ΦΌΧͺΦ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ: Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ¨: Χ€Φ·ΦΌΧ’Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΈΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ, ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄Χ©ΦΈΦΌΧΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·Χͺ ΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΧ Φ·Χ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ ΦΈΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ©ΧΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χͺ, Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ Φ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χͺ, Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ΄ΧΧ©Φ΄ΧΧ β ΧΦ±ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ·ΧͺΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΧ Φ·Χ. Χ¨Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΧΦΉΧ, ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨Φ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΌ: ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ, ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ Φ΄Χ ΧΧΦΉ Χ’Φ·Χ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ·Χ’ ΧΦΌΧΦΉ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΉ. ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉΧͺΧΦΉ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌ Χ§ΧΦΉΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΧΦΉΧͺΧΦΉ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ Χ’Φ·Χ Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ΄Χ.
The Gemara continues: If the lung was green, the animal is kosher, as can be derived from the episode of Rabbi Natan. And if it was red, it is kosher, as can be derived from the episode of Rabbi Natan. As it is taught in a baraita: Rabbi Natan says: Once I went to the cities overseas, where one woman came before me who circumcised her first son and he died, and she circumcised her second son and he died, and out of concern that circumcising her third son might cause him to die as well, she brought him before me. I saw that he was red, so I said to her: My daughter, wait for him until his blood is absorbed into him. She waited for him until his blood was absorbed into him and then circumcised him, and he survived. And they would call him Natan the Babylonian after my name. This incident indicates that a red lung can heal.
ΧΦ°Χ©ΧΧΦΌΧ Χ€Φ·ΦΌΧ’Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·Χͺ ΧΦΈΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χͺ Χ§Φ·Χ€ΦΌΧΦΉΧΦ°Χ§Φ°ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄Χ©ΦΈΦΌΧΧ ΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΧ Φ·Χ, Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ ΦΈΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧ©ΧΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χͺ, Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ Φ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ΅Χͺ, Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ΄ΧΧ©Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦ±ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ·ΧͺΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΧ Φ·Χ, Χ¨Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ§, ΧΦ΅Χ¦Φ·Χ¦Φ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦΌΧΦΉ ΧΦ°ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΧΦΉ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧͺ, ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨Φ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΦΌ: ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ, ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ Φ΄Χ ΧΧΦΉ Χ’Φ·Χ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€ΦΌΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΌΧΦΉ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΉ, ΧΦ΄ΧΦ°ΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉΧͺΧΦΉ ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌ Χ§ΧΦΉΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΧΦΉΧͺΧΦΉ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ Χ’Φ·Χ Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ΄Χ.
Rabbi Natan further related: And on another occasion I went to the state of Cappadocia, and a woman came before me who circumcised her first son and he died, and she circumcised her second son and he died. Out of concern that circumcising her third son might cause him to die as well, she brought him before me. I saw that he was green, i.e., pale. I looked at him and saw that he did not have the blood of circumcision in him, i.e., he had a deficiency of blood such that no blood would emerge from the circumcision. I said to her: My daughter, wait until his blood enters him. She waited for his blood to increase and then circumcised him, and he survived. And they would call his name Natan the Babylonian after my name. This incident indicates that a green lung can heal as well.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ²Χ ΦΈΧ: ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΦΌΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΄Χ©Φ°ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°Χ‘Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΦΈΧΧΦ°: Χ΄ΧΦΌΧΦΈΧ©ΦΈΧΧ¨ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧ©ΦΈΦΌΧΧΦΆΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧΧ΄.
Rav Kahana says: If the lung has an appearance like the liver, the animal is kosher. If it has an appearance like flesh, the animal is a tereifa. And your mnemonic to remember that the latter is a tereifa is the verse: βYou shall not eat any flesh that is torn of animals [tereifa] in the fieldβ (Exodus 22:30).
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ Χ‘Φ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦ·ΧΧ Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°Χ©ΧΧΦΌΧͺΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧ§ΦΈΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧ’Φ²ΧͺΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ. ΧΦΆΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ§ΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ? ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·Χ¨ΦΈΦΌΧͺΦ΅Χ.
Rav Sama, son of Rava, says: This lung whose appearance resembles dodder, or saffron, or has a yellow color such as that of an egg yolk, renders the animal a tereifa. Since all of these appearances are various shades of green, the Gemara asks: But the green lung that is kosher, what is it like? The Gemara responds: It is like a leek.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦ΄ΧΧ ΦΈΧ: ΧΦΈΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ Χ‘Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΧ ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ§ΦΈΧ¨Φ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ, ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ·ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χͺ ΧΧΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΌΧ, ΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΧΦΉΧͺΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ Χ’Φ²ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΉ Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ§ΦΈΦΌΧ, ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ¦Φ°ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¦ΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ.
Β§ Ravina says: If there was a sealed area in the lung that does not inflate, we bring a knife and tear it open. If there is pus in the sealed area, then it was definitely sealed due to the pus, and the animal is kosher. But if we do not find pus there, we lay a feather or saliva on the opening and inflate the lung. If the saliva bubbles or the feather moves, the animal is kosher, since some air does reach the area, and if not, there is some defect in the lung, and the animal is a tereifa.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΧΦΉΧ‘Φ΅Χ£: Χ§Φ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ’ΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΅ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χͺ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ΅ΧΧ ΧΦΉ Χ§Φ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΧΦΉΧ‘Φ΅Χ£: ΧΦ·ΧΧ Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°ΧΧ©ΦΈΧΧ, ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ°ΧΧ©ΦΈΧΧ β ΧΦ·Χ Φ°ΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ Χ’Φ²ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦ°Χ€ΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΉ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉ Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ§ΦΈΦΌΧ, ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ¦Φ°ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¦ΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ β ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ°Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΧΦ°ΧΦ°ΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ Χ€ΦΈΦΌΧ©ΧΧΦΉΧ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΧΦΉΧͺΦ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦΌ.
Rav Yosef says: A membrane that appeared due to a wound in the lung, i.e., a scab that covered a perforation through the lung, is not considered a true membrane, since it does not last. And Rav Yosef says: With regard to this lung that emits a sound when inflated, if we know from where it emits a sound, we set a feather, or straw, or saliva on that point. If the saliva bubbles when the lung is inflated, the animal is a tereifa, since this proves that the lung is perforated through both membranes. And if not, the animal is kosher. And if we do not know from where it emits a sound, we bring a basin of tepid water and set the lung inside it.
ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°ΧΧ¦Φ΄Χ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§ΦΈΧ¨Φ΄ΧΧ¨Φ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ¨Φ°Χ©Φ΄ΧΧ, ΧΦΆΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΦΌΧΦ°Χ§Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ€ΦΈΧ©ΧΧΦΉΧ¨Φ΅Χ. ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·Χ¦Φ°ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¦ΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ. ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧͺΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ°ΦΌΧ§Φ΄ΧΧ, Χ’Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ°ΦΌΧ§Φ΄ΧΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ°ΧΧ©ΦΈΧΧ β ΧΦ΄ΧΧ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΧΦΌΧ.
One cannot place it in hot water, as it causes the lung to contract, closing the perforation. And one cannot place it in cold water, as it hardens the lung and may cause it to crack. Rather, we check it in tepid water. If the water bubbles, the animal is a tereifa. And if not, the animal is kosher, since it is apparent that only the inner membrane is perforated and the outer membrane is not perforated, and the fact that it emits a sound is due to the air moving in the space between the two membranes.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ’ΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΦΈΧ: Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧ€Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§Φ΄ΧΧͺΧΦΉΧ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ. ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ Χ§ΦΈΧ‘ΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨: ΧΦ΄Χ‘ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄Χ‘ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ.
Β§ Ulla says that Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan says: An animal with a lung that liquefied and can be poured out like water from a jug is kosher. The Gemara notes: Evidently, Rabbi YoαΈ₯anan holds that a deficiency on the inside of an organ is not considered a deficiency. Only a deficiency in the wall or membrane of an organ renders an animal a tereifa.
ΧΦ΅ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΌΧΦΈΦΌΧ: Χ΄ΧΦΈΧ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧΧ§Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΧΦΉ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΧ‘Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧΧ΄. ΧΦ·ΧΧ ΧΦΈΧ‘Φ°Χ¨ΦΈΧ? ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ₯ β ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧ ΧΦΌ Χ Φ΄ΧΧ§Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ! ΧΦΆΧΦΈΦΌΧ ΧΦΈΧΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ, ΧΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧΦ·Χ’ ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·ΦΌΧΦΌ: ΧΦ΄Χ‘ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ€Φ°Χ Φ΄ΧΧ Χ©Φ°ΧΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄Χ‘ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ!
Rabbi Abba raised an objection to Ulla from the mishna, which states: The lung that was perforated or that was missing a piece renders the animal a tereifa. What is the case of a lung that was missing a piece? If we say that it was missing a piece on the outside, this is the same as if it was perforated, since any missing piece of the lung wall would constitute a perforation. Rather, is it not referring to a missing piece on the inside? If so, learn from the mishna that a deficiency on the inside of an organ is considered a deficiency to render the animal a tereifa.
ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ΄ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧ₯, ΧΦΌΧΦ°Χ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧͺΦ°ΦΌ ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧ ΧΦΌ Χ Φ΄ΧΧ§Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦΈΧ Χ¦Φ°Χ¨Φ΄ΧΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ, ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨: Χ’Φ·Χ Χ©ΦΆΧΧͺΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΦΈΦΌΧ§Φ΅Χ ΧΦ°ΧΦ΅ΧΧͺ ΧΦ·Χ‘Φ΄ΦΌΧΦ°Χ€ΦΌΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΉΧͺ. ΧΦΈΧ Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦ΅ΦΌΧ Χ ΦΆΧ§ΦΆΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΅ΧΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄Χ‘ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ, ΧΦ²ΧΦΈΧ Χ ΦΆΧ§ΦΆΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ΄Χ‘ΦΈΦΌΧ¨ΧΦΉΧ β ΧΦ²Χ€Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ©Φ΄ΧΧΦ°Χ’ΧΦΉΧ ΧΧΦΉΧΦΆΧ.
The Gemara responds: No, the mishna actually is referring to a missing piece on the outside. And with regard to that which you said: This is the same as if it was perforated, one may respond that no, it is necessary to mention both cases to account for the opinion of Rabbi Shimon in the mishna, who says: It is not a tereifa until the lung is perforated through to the bronchi. By mentioning both cases, the mishna teaches that this statement of Rabbi Shimon applies only to a small perforation that does not constitute a deficiency. But in the case of a perforation so large that it constitutes a deficiency, even Rabbi Shimon concedes that it renders the animal a tereifa even if the perforation does not reach the bronchi.
Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ ΧΦ²Χ Φ·Χ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ©Χ, Χ’ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·ΧΦ΄ΦΌΧ Χ ΦΈΧͺΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΧΧΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΧΦΉΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ¨, ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧͺΧΦΉ Χ§Φ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧ©Φ°ΧΧ€Φ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§Φ΄ΧΧͺΧΦΉΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ·ΧΦ°Χ©Φ°ΧΧ¨Φ·ΧΦΌ.
The Gemara relates that Rabbi αΈ€ananya became sick. Rabbi Natan and all the eminent scholars of the generation entered before him to visit. They brought before him a lung that could be poured out like water from a jug, and he deemed the animal kosher.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ: ΧΦ°ΧΧΦΌΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§ΦΈΧΦ°ΧΧΦ΄Χ Χ‘Φ΄ΧΦ°Χ€ΦΌΧΦΉΧ ΧΦΉΧͺ. ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ¨ΦΈΧΦΈΧ ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ·Χ ΧΦΈΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ: ΧΦ°Χ ΦΈΧ ΧΦΈΧΦ°Χ’Φ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ? ΧΦ²ΧΦ·Χ¨ ΧΦ΅ΧΧΦΌ: ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΧͺΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ Χ¦ΦΈΧ’ΦΈΧ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ§ΧΦΌΧ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°Χ©ΦΈΧΧ€Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ Φ·Χ ΧΦ·ΧΦΌ ΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦ·ΧΦ΅ΦΌΧΧΦΌ. ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧͺ ΧΦ·ΦΌΧΦΌ Χ©ΧΧΦΌΧ¨Φ°ΧΦΈΧΧ§Φ΅Χ ΧΦ΄ΧΧΦΈΦΌΧ¨Φ΅Χ β ΧΦ°Χ¨Φ΅Χ€ΦΈΧ, ΧΦ°ΧΦ΄Χ ΧΦΈΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ.
Rava said: This is the halakha only if the bronchi still exist and only the flesh of the lung has liquefied. Rav AαΈ₯a, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: From where do we know whether the bronchi still exist? Rav Ashi said to him: We bring a glazed earthenware vessel with no cracks, so the contents can be observed, and we pour the lung into it. If there are white streaks in it, the animal is a tereifa, as the white streaks are remains of the liquefied bronchi. And if not, the animal is kosher.
ΧΦΈΧΦ·Χ¨ Χ¨Φ·Χ Χ Φ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΈΧ: Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΧ§Φ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΌ Χ§Φ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ. ΧͺΦ·ΦΌΧ Φ°ΧΦΈΧ Χ ΦΈΧΦ΅Χ ΧΦΈΧΦ΄Χ: Χ¨Φ΅ΧΧΦΈΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧ Φ΄ΦΌΧΧΦΌΧΦΉΧ§ΦΈΧ ΧΦΌΧ§Φ°Χ¨ΧΦΌΧ Χ©ΦΆΧΧΦΈΦΌΧΦΌ Χ§Φ·ΧΦΈΦΌΧΧ, ΧΦ²Χ€Φ΄ΧΧΦΌΧΦΌ ΧΦ·ΧΦ°ΧΦΆΧ§ΦΆΧͺ Χ¨Φ°ΧΦ΄ΧΧ’Φ΄ΧΧͺ β ΧΦ°ΦΌΧ©Φ΅ΧΧ¨ΦΈΧ. Χ Φ΄ΧΧΦ°ΦΌΧΦΈΧ
Rav NaαΈ₯man says: If the lung was partially atrophied and only part of the flesh remains, but its membrane still exists, the animal is kosher. The Gemara notes: This is also taught in a baraita: If the lung was atrophied, but its membrane still exists, even if the space vacated by the atrophied lung can hold a quarter-log of fluid, the animal is kosher.
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