Different opinions are brought for various cases where there are 2 things forbidden – is one obligated in both – like the sciatic nerve in non kosher animals or the sciatic nerve in a kosher animal that died on its own.
This week’s learning is dedicated by Robert and Paula Cohen in loving memory of Robert’s brother (my uncle), Richard Cohen on his first yahrzeit. “A true baal chesed, who helped anyone in need without seeking recognition. He was a friend to everyone, young or old, and always put others’ needs before his own. He is truly missed by so many.”
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This week’s learning is dedicated by Robert and Paula Cohen in loving memory of Robert’s brother (my uncle), Richard Cohen on his first yahrzeit. “A true baal chesed, who helped anyone in need without seeking recognition. He was a friend to everyone, young or old, and always put others’ needs before his own. He is truly missed by so many.”
Chullin 101
וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר.
and Rabbi Shimon exempts him entirely.
וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מָה נַפְשָׁךְ? אִי אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר – לִיחַיַּיב נָמֵי מִשּׁוּם גִּיד, אִי אֵין אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר – לִיחַיַּיב מִשּׁוּם טוּמְאָה דִּקְדֵים, וְאִי אֵין בְּגִידִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם – לִיחַיַּיב מִשּׁוּם גִּיד.
The Gemara objects: But according to Rabbi Shimon, whichever way you look at it, it is difficult. If a prohibition takes effect where another prohibition already exists, let Rabbi Shimon deem one liable for eating non-kosher meat and also due to the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve. Conversely, if a prohibition does not take effect where another prohibition already exists, let Rabbi Shimon deem one liable due to the prohibition of eating meat from a non-kosher species, which preceded the prohibition of the sciatic nerve. And if Rabbi Shimon holds that sciatic nerves do not impart flavor, and therefore the prohibition of eating non-kosher meat does not apply, let him deem one liable due to the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve.
אָמַר רָבָא: לְעוֹלָם קָסָבַר אֵין בְּגִידִים בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, וְשָׁאנֵי הָתָם דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״עַל כֵּן לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה״, מִי שֶׁגִּידוֹ אָסוּר וּבְשָׂרוֹ מוּתָּר, יָצְתָה זוֹ שֶׁגִּידוֹ אָסוּר וּבְשָׂרוֹ אָסוּר.
Rava said in response: Actually Rabbi Shimon holds that sciatic nerves do not impart flavor, and therefore they are not subject to the prohibition of eating non-kosher meat. And the reason the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerves does not apply to non-kosher animals is that it is different there, because the verse states: “Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sciatic nerve” (Genesis 32:33). This teaches that the prohibition applies only to a species whose sciatic nerve is forbidden but whose meat is permitted, and excludes this case of a non-kosher animal, whose sciatic nerve would be forbidden and whose meat would also be forbidden.
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה, אָמַר רַב: הָאוֹכֵל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה שֶׁל נְבֵלָה – רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְחַיֵּיב שְׁתַּיִם, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת.
§ Having discussed the status of the sciatic nerve of a non-kosher animal, the Gemara addresses the status of the sciatic nerve of a kosher animal that did not undergo a proper ritual slaughter. Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: With regard to one who eats the sciatic nerve of an unslaughtered carcass, Rabbi Meir deems him liable to receive two sets of lashes, and the Rabbis say: He is liable to receive only one set of lashes.
וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּאוֹכֵל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה שֶׁל עוֹלָה וְשֶׁל שׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל, שֶׁחַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם.
And the Rabbis concede to Rabbi Meir in a case where one eats the sciatic nerve of a burnt offering or of an ox that is stoned that he is liable to receive two sets of lashes. The prohibitions concerning a burnt offering and an ox that is stoned are more severe than that of the sciatic nerve, in that it is forbidden to derive any benefit from them, whereas the sciatic nerve is merely forbidden for consumption. Consequently, these prohibitions take effect even with regard to the sciatic nerve, despite the fact that the sciatic nerve was already forbidden before the animal was consecrated or before it gored a person and became liable to be stoned.
וּמַאן הַאי תַּנָּא, דִּבְאִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל – אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר לֵית לֵיהּ, אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל בְּאִיסּוּר חָמוּר – אִית לֵיהּ.
The Gemara challenges: And who is this tanna who does not hold that in the case of a more inclusive prohibition, the prohibition takes effect where another prohibition already exists, and consequently, according to his opinion the prohibition of eating an unslaughtered animal, which applies to the entire animal, does not take effect with regard to the sciatic nerve. Yet, he does hold that where the second prohibition is both a more inclusive prohibition and a more stringent prohibition, it does take effect, and therefore the prohibition of eating a burnt offering or an ox that is stoned does take effect with regard to the sciatic nerve.
אָמַר רָבָא: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי הִיא, דִּתְנַן: טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל קֹדֶשׁ, בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ טָמֵא בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ טָהוֹר – חַיָּיב.
Rava said: It is Rabbi Yosei HaGelili who holds that a more inclusive prohibition does not take effect where there is an already existing prohibition. As we learned in a mishna (Zevaḥim 106a): One who is ritually impure who ate sacrificial food, whether it was ritually impure sacrificial food or ritually pure sacrificial food, is liable to receive karet if he did so intentionally and to bring a sliding-scale offering if he did so unwittingly.
רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּהוֹר – חַיָּיב, טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּמֵא – פָּטוּר, שֶׁלֹּא אֲכַל אֶלָּא דָּבָר טָמֵא.
Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: An impure individual who ate pure sacrificial food is liable. But an impure individual who ate impure sacrificial food is exempt, as he merely ate an impure item, and the prohibition of eating sacrificial food while one is impure does not apply to impure sacrificial food.
אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אַף טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּהוֹר, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ, טִמְּאָהוּ.
The Rabbis said to him: According to your logic, this halakha would apply even in a case of an impure individual who ate what had been pure sacrificial food, because once he has touched it, he has thereby rendered it impure. Yet, in such a case, he is certainly liable for eating it. So too, an impure individual who ate impure sacrificial food is liable.
שַׁפִּיר קָא אָמְרִי לֵיהּ רַבָּנַן לְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, וְאָמַר רָבָא: בְּנִטְמָא הַגּוּף וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִטְמָא בָּשָׂר – כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָא פְּלִיגִי דְּחַיָּיב, דְּאִיסּוּר כָּרֵת קָדֵים.
The Gemara asks: The Rabbis are saying well to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili; why does Rabbi Yosei HaGelili disagree? And Rava said in elaboration of the dispute: In a case where the person’s body became impure and then afterward the sacrificial meat became impure, everyone agrees that he is liable if he eats the meat, as the prohibition of eating sacrificial meat while impure, which carries the punishment of karet, preceded the prohibition of eating impure sacrificial meat.
כִּי פְּלִיגִי בְּנִטְמָא בָּשָׂר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִטְמָא הַגּוּף. רַבָּנַן אִית לְהוּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל, דְּמִגּוֹ דְּמִיחַיַּיב אַחֲתִיכוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת דְּעָלְמָא, מִיחַיַּיב נָמֵי אַחֲתִיכָה טְמֵאָה.
They disagree when the meat became impure and then afterward the person’s body became impure. The Rabbis hold that a more inclusive prohibition takes effect even where there is an already existing prohibition. Consequently, since the prohibition for an impure person to eat sacrificial meat is more inclusive than the prohibition for a pure person to eat impure sacrificial meat, as an impure person is liable for eating even pure pieces of sacrificial meat that are permitted to the rest of the world, he is also liable for this prohibition when he eats an impure piece of sacrificial meat.
וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי לֵית לֵיהּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל, דְּמִגּוֹ לָא אָמְרִינַן.
And Rabbi Yosei HaGelili does not accept the principle that a more inclusive prohibition takes effect even where there is an already existing prohibition, as he holds that we do not say that since it applies to cases that were not yet prohibited it applies to all cases.
וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, נְהִי דְּאִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל לֵית לֵיהּ, בְּאִיסּוּר קַל יָבֹא אִיסּוּר חָמוּר יָחוּל עַל אִיסּוּר קַל, וּמַאי נִיהוּ? טוּמְאַת הַגּוּף, שֶׁהֲרֵי טוּמְאַת הַגּוּף בְּכָרֵת.
The Gemara objects: But even according to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, granted that he does not hold that a more inclusive prohibition always takes effect where there is an already existing prohibition. But in the case of an already existing lenient prohibition, a more stringent prohibition should come and take effect on the more lenient prohibition. And what is the more stringent prohibition? The prohibition due to the impurity of a person’s body, as one who eats sacrificial food when he has impurity of the body is liable to karet, whereas a pure person who eats impure sacrificial food is merely liable to be flogged. Consequently, the prohibition of eating sacrificial food while impure should apply even though the meat became impure before the person became impure.
אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: מַאן לֵימָא לַן דְּטוּמְאַת הַגּוּף חֲמוּרָה, דִּלְמָא טוּמְאַת בָּשָׂר חֲמוּרָה, דְּלֵית לֵיהּ טׇהֳרָה בְּמִקְוֶה.
Rav Ashi said: Who can say to us that the prohibition due to the impurity of a person’s body is more stringent? Perhaps the prohibition due to the impurity of the meat is more stringent, as impure meat does not have the possibility of restoring its state of purity via immersion in a ritual bath, whereas a ritually impure person can become pure in this manner.
וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי לֵית לֵיהּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל?
The Gemara asks: And does Rabbi Yosei HaGelili not hold that a more inclusive prohibition takes effect where there is an already existing prohibition?
וְהָתַנְיָא: שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, שָׁגַג וְעָשָׂה מְלָאכָה, מִנַּיִן שֶׁחַיָּיב עַל זֶה בְּעַצְמוֹ וְעַל זֶה בְּעַצְמוֹ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״שַׁבָּת הִיא״, ״יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים הוּא״, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת.
But isn’t it taught in a baraita: When Shabbat and Yom Kippur occur on the same day, if one acted unwittingly and performed prohibited labor, from where is it derived that he is liable for this by itself and for that by itself, i.e., he is liable to bring two sin offerings, for having transgressed both Shabbat and Yom Kippur? The verse states: “You shall do no manner of work; it is a Shabbat for the Lord in all your dwellings” (Leviticus 23:3), and another verse states: “It is Yom Kippur” (Leviticus 23:27). The term “it is” in each verse teaches that each of these days is considered independently even when it occurs together with another holy day. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Rabbi Akiva says: He is liable to bring only one sin offering because a prohibition does not take effect where another prohibition already exists.
שְׁלַח רָבִין מִשּׁוּם דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כָּךְ הַצָּעָה שֶׁל מִשְׁנָה, וְאֵיפוֹךְ.
The Gemara answers that on this topic Ravin sent a letter citing a statement in the name of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina: This is the correct presentation of this teaching [hatza’a shel mishna], i.e., the opinions in this baraita are accurate, but one must reverse the attributions of each opinion so that the first opinion is that of Rabbi Akiva and the second opinion is that of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Consequently, Rabbi Yosei HaGelili holds that two prohibitions do not take effect at the same time even if one is more inclusive or stringent than the other.
שְׁלַח רַב יִצְחָק בַּר יַעֲקֹב בַּר גִּיּוֹרֵי מִשּׁוּם דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, לְמַאי דַּאֲפַכַן, שָׁגַג בְּשַׁבָּת וְהֵזִיד בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – חַיָּיב, הֵזִיד בְּשַׁבָּת וְשָׁגַג בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – פָּטוּר.
The Gemara continues to discuss the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Rav Yitzḥak bar Ya’akov bar Giyorei sent a letter citing a statement in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: According to the statement of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, as stated in the baraita once the attributions have been reversed, if one unwittingly performed a forbidden labor on a Yom Kippur that occurred on Shabbat, he is obligated to bring one sin offering. If he acted unwittingly with regard to the fact that it was Shabbat, i.e., he forgot that it was Shabbat, but acted intentionally with regard to Yom Kippur, he is obligated to bring a sin offering. But if he acted intentionally with regard to Shabbat but unwittingly with regard to Yom Kippur, he is exempt from bringing any offering.
מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: שַׁבָּת קְבִיעָא וְקַיְימָא, יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – בֵּי דִינָא דְּקָא קָבְעִי לֵיהּ.
The Gemara asks: What is the reason for Rabbi Yoḥanan’s statement? Abaye said: Shabbat is established and permanent, i.e., it always occurs on the seventh day of the week, whereas in the case of Yom Kippur, it is the court that establishes it, as the Sages determine the New Moon. Consequently, Shabbat is considered to have preceded Yom Kippur, and the prohibition to perform labor on Yom Kippur does not apply, due to the fact that labor is already prohibited because it is Shabbat. Since one brings a sin offering only due to unwitting transgression, he is obligated to bring a sin offering only if he performed labor without realizing it was Shabbat.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: סוֹף סוֹף, תַּרְוַיְיהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי קָאָתוּ. אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: שְׁמָדָא הֲוָה, וּשְׁלַחוּ מִתָּם דְּיוֹמָא דְּכִפּוּרֵי דְּהָא שַׁתָּא שַׁבְּתָא הוּא. וְכֵן כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין וְכֹל נָחוֹתֵי אַמְרוּהָ כְּרָבָא.
Rava said to Abaye: Ultimately both of them, i.e., Shabbat and Yom Kippur, come into effect at the same time. Since both take effect at the beginning of the calendar day, it cannot be said that Shabbat precedes Yom Kippur. Rather Rava said a different explanation. It was a time of religious persecution, and they sent from there, i.e., from Eretz Yisrael, a directive stating that Yom Kippur of this year will not be observed on its proper day but rather on Shabbat. Rabbi Yoḥanan was merely stating that on that particular year one who would unwittingly transgress Yom Kippur would be exempt from bringing a sin offering. And similarly, when Ravin and all those who descended from Eretz Yisrael came to Babylonia, they said that the true explanation is in accordance with the opinion of Rava.
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וַהֲלֹא מִבְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב [וְכוּ׳].
§ The mishna teaches: Rabbi Yehuda said in explanation: Wasn’t the sciatic nerve forbidden for the children of Jacob, as it is written: “Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sciatic nerve” (Genesis 32:33), yet the meat of a non-kosher animal was still permitted to them? Since the sciatic nerve of non-kosher animals became forbidden at that time, it remains forbidden now.
תַּנְיָא, אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וְכִי נֶאֱמַר ״עַל כֵּן לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב״? וַהֲלֹא לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא ״בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, וְלֹא נִקְרְאוּ ״בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״ עַד סִינַי! אֶלָּא בְּסִינַי נֶאֱמַר, אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּכְתַּב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ לֵידַע מֵאֵיזֶה טַעַם נֶאֱסַר לָהֶם.
It is taught in a baraita that the Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: But is it stated in the verse: Therefore the children of Jacob do not eat the sciatic nerve? Isn’t it true that it is stated only that: “Therefore the children of Israel do not eat the sciatic nerve?” And the Jewish people were not called “the children of Israel” until they received the Torah at Mount Sinai. Rather, this terminology indicates that the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve was stated to the Jewish people at Sinai, but was written in its place, after the incident of Jacob wrestling with the angel, to allow the Jewish people to know the reason the sciatic nerve was forbidden to them. Since the prohibition came into effect only at Sinai, there is no proof that it ever applied with regard to non-kosher animals.
מֵתִיב רָבָא: ״וַיִּשְׂאוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת יַעֲקֹב אֲבִיהֶם״, לְאַחַר מַעֲשֶׂה.
Rava raises an objection to this baraita: The verse states: “And Jacob rose up from Beersheba; and the children of Israel carried Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent to carry him” (Genesis 46:5). This occurred before the Torah was given at Sinai, and therefore proves that the title “the children of Israel” was in use before the Torah was given. The Gemara answers: Nevertheless, this occurred after the incident, i.e., after Jacob wrestled with the angel and after the prophetic vision in which God changed Jacob’s name to Israel (Genesis 35:10).
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: מֵהָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא לִיתְּסַר.
Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: In that case, the sciatic nerve should be understood as having become forbidden to them from that time when they were first called the children of Israel. Since this was before the giving of the Torah, this would be in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda and not that of the Rabbis.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְכִי תוֹרָה פְּעָמִים פְּעָמִים נִיתְּנָה? הָהוּא שַׁעְתָּא לָאו שְׁעַת מַעֲשֶׂה הֲוַאי, וְלָא שְׁעַת מַתַּן תּוֹרָה הֲוַאי.
Rav Ashi said to him: Was the Torah given piecemeal, on numerous different occasions? It was given at Sinai. Rather, that time when the title “children of Israel” was first used was not the time when the incident of Jacob wrestling with the angel occurred and also was not the time of the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. Therefore, there is no reason to assume that the prohibition took effect at that time.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי נוֹהֵג בִּבְהֵמָה, חַיָּה וָעוֹף, בֵּין טְמֵאִין וּבֵין טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בִּטְהוֹרִין.
§ The mishna taught a dispute between Rabbi Yehuda and the Rabbis with regard to the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve. The Gemara now cites a similar dispute between them with regard to eating a limb from a living animal. The Sages taught in a baraita: The prohibition of eating a limb from a living animal applies whether the limb comes from a domesticated animal, an undomesticated animal, or a bird, and whether it is from a non-kosher species or from a kosher species; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Elazar. But the Rabbis say: The prohibition of eating a limb from a living animal applies only to a limb from a kosher species.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וּשְׁנֵיהֶן מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ, ״רַק חֲזַק לְבִלְתִּי אֲכֹל הַדָּם כִּי הַדָּם הוּא הַנָּפֶשׁ
Rabbi Yoḥanan says: And both of them, i.e., the Rabbis as well as Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Elazar, derived their opinions from one verse: “Only be steadfast in not eating the blood, for the blood is the life;
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I never thought I’d be able to do Daf Yomi till I saw the video of Hadran’s Siyum HaShas. Now, 2 years later, I’m about to participate in Siyum Seder Mo’ed with my Hadran community. It has been an incredible privilege to learn with Rabbanit Michelle and to get to know so many caring, talented and knowledgeable women. I look forward with great anticipation and excitement to learning Seder Nashim.
Caroline Ben-Ari
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Last cycle, I listened to parts of various מסכתות. When the הדרן סיום was advertised, I listened to Michelle on נידה. I knew that בע”ה with the next cycle I was in (ב”נ). As I entered the סיום (early), I saw the signs and was overcome with emotion. I was randomly seated in the front row, and I cried many times that night. My choice to learn דף יומי was affirmed. It is one of the best I have made!
Miriam Tannenbaum
אפרת, Israel
I decided to learn one masechet, Brachot, but quickly fell in love and never stopped! It has been great, everyone is always asking how it’s going and chering me on, and my students are always making sure I did the day’s daf.
Yafit Fishbach
Memphis, Tennessee, United States
I started learning Gemara at the Yeshivah of Flatbush. And I resumed ‘ברוך ה decades later with Rabbanit Michele at Hadran. I started from Brachot and have had an exciting, rewarding experience throughout seder Moed!
Anne Mirsky
Maale Adumim, Israel
It has been a pleasure keeping pace with this wonderful and scholarly group of women.
Janice Block
Beit Shemesh, Israel
I began daf yomi in January 2020 with Brachot. I had made aliya 6 months before, and one of my post-aliya goals was to complete a full cycle. As a life-long Tanach teacher, I wanted to swim from one side of the Yam shel Torah to the other. Daf yomi was also my sanity through COVID. It was the way to marking the progression of time, and feel that I could grow and accomplish while time stopped.
Leah Herzog
Givat Zev, Israel
I’ve been wanting to do Daf Yomi for years, but always wanted to start at the beginning and not in the middle of things. When the opportunity came in 2020, I decided: “this is now the time!” I’ve been posting my journey daily on social media, tracking my progress (#DafYomi); now it’s fully integrated into my daily routines. I’ve also inspired my partner to join, too!
Joséphine Altzman
Teaneck, United States
In July, 2012 I wrote for Tablet about the first all women’s siyum at Matan in Jerusalem, with 100 women. At the time, I thought, I would like to start with the next cycle – listening to a podcast at different times of day makes it possible. It is incredible that after 10 years, so many women are so engaged!
Beth Kissileff
Pittsburgh, United States
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Susan Fisher
Raanana, Israel
What a great experience to learn with Rabbanit Michelle Farber. I began with this cycle in January 2020 and have been comforted by the consistency and energy of this process throughout the isolation period of Covid. Week by week, I feel like I am exploring a treasure chest with sparkling gems and puzzling antiquities. The hunt is exhilarating.
Marian Frankston
Pennsylvania, United States
I read Ilana Kurshan’s “If All the Seas Were Ink” which inspired me. Then the Women’s Siyum in Jerusalem in 2020 convinced me, I knew I had to join! I have loved it- it’s been a constant in my life daily, many of the sugiyot connect to our lives. My family and friends all are so supportive. It’s incredible being part of this community and love how diverse it is! I am so excited to learn more!
Shira Jacobowitz
Jerusalem, Israel
When I was working and taking care of my children, learning was never on the list. Now that I have more time I have two different Gemora classes and the nach yomi as well as the mishna yomi daily.
Shoshana Shinnar
Jerusalem, Israel
I started Daf during the pandemic. I listened to a number of podcasts by various Rebbeim until one day, I discovered Rabbanit Farbers podcast. Subsequently I joined the Hadran family in Eruvin. Not the easiest place to begin, Rabbanit Farber made it all understandable and fun. The online live group has bonded together and have really become a supportive, encouraging family.
Leah Goldford
Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
תמיד רציתי. למדתי גמרא בבית ספר בטורונטו קנדה. עליתי ארצה ולמדתי שזה לא מקובל. הופתעתי.
יצאתי לגימלאות לפני שנתיים וזה מאפשר את המחוייבות לדף יומי.
עבורי ההתמדה בלימוד מעגן אותי בקשר שלי ליהדות. אני תמיד מחפשת ותמיד. מוצאת מקור לקשר. ללימוד חדש ומחדש. קשר עם נשים לומדות מעמיק את החוויה ומשמעותית מאוד.
Vitti Kones
מיתר, ישראל
I never thought I’d be able to do Daf Yomi till I saw the video of Hadran’s Siyum HaShas. Now, 2 years later, I’m about to participate in Siyum Seder Mo’ed with my Hadran community. It has been an incredible privilege to learn with Rabbanit Michelle and to get to know so many caring, talented and knowledgeable women. I look forward with great anticipation and excitement to learning Seder Nashim.
Caroline Ben-Ari
Karmiel, Israel
I learned Talmud as a student in Yeshivat Ramaz and felt at the time that Talmud wasn’t for me. After reading Ilana Kurshan’s book I was intrigued and after watching the great siyum in Yerushalayim it ignited the spark to begin this journey. It has been a transformative life experience for me as a wife, mother, Savta and member of Klal Yisrael.
Elana Storch
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
I started my Daf Yomi journey at the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic.
Karena Perry
Los Angeles, United States
I started learning daf yomi at the beginning of this cycle. As the pandemic evolved, it’s been so helpful to me to have this discipline every morning to listen to the daf podcast after I’ve read the daf; learning about the relationships between the rabbis and the ways they were constructing our Jewish religion after the destruction of the Temple. I’m grateful to be on this journey!
Mona Fishbane
Teaneck NJ, United States
I was moved to tears by the Hadran Siyyum HaShas. I have learned Torah all my life, but never connected to learning Gemara on a regular basis until then. Seeing the sheer joy Talmud Torah at the siyyum, I felt compelled to be part of it, and I haven’t missed a day!
It’s not always easy, but it is so worthwhile, and it has strengthened my love of learning. It is part of my life now.
Michelle Lewis
Beit Shemesh, Israel
I had tried to start after being inspired by the hadran siyum, but did not manage to stick to it. However, just before masechet taanit, our rav wrote a message to the shul WhatsApp encouraging people to start with masechet taanit, so I did! And this time, I’m hooked! I listen to the shiur every day , and am also trying to improve my skills.
Laura Major
Yad Binyamin, Israel
Chullin 101
וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן פּוֹטֵר.
and Rabbi Shimon exempts him entirely.
וְרַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן, מָה נַפְשָׁךְ? אִי אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר – לִיחַיַּיב נָמֵי מִשּׁוּם גִּיד, אִי אֵין אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר – לִיחַיַּיב מִשּׁוּם טוּמְאָה דִּקְדֵים, וְאִי אֵין בְּגִידִין בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם – לִיחַיַּיב מִשּׁוּם גִּיד.
The Gemara objects: But according to Rabbi Shimon, whichever way you look at it, it is difficult. If a prohibition takes effect where another prohibition already exists, let Rabbi Shimon deem one liable for eating non-kosher meat and also due to the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve. Conversely, if a prohibition does not take effect where another prohibition already exists, let Rabbi Shimon deem one liable due to the prohibition of eating meat from a non-kosher species, which preceded the prohibition of the sciatic nerve. And if Rabbi Shimon holds that sciatic nerves do not impart flavor, and therefore the prohibition of eating non-kosher meat does not apply, let him deem one liable due to the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve.
אָמַר רָבָא: לְעוֹלָם קָסָבַר אֵין בְּגִידִים בְּנוֹתֵן טַעַם, וְשָׁאנֵי הָתָם דְּאָמַר קְרָא: ״עַל כֵּן לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה״, מִי שֶׁגִּידוֹ אָסוּר וּבְשָׂרוֹ מוּתָּר, יָצְתָה זוֹ שֶׁגִּידוֹ אָסוּר וּבְשָׂרוֹ אָסוּר.
Rava said in response: Actually Rabbi Shimon holds that sciatic nerves do not impart flavor, and therefore they are not subject to the prohibition of eating non-kosher meat. And the reason the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerves does not apply to non-kosher animals is that it is different there, because the verse states: “Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sciatic nerve” (Genesis 32:33). This teaches that the prohibition applies only to a species whose sciatic nerve is forbidden but whose meat is permitted, and excludes this case of a non-kosher animal, whose sciatic nerve would be forbidden and whose meat would also be forbidden.
אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה, אָמַר רַב: הָאוֹכֵל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה שֶׁל נְבֵלָה – רַבִּי מֵאִיר מְחַיֵּיב שְׁתַּיִם, וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת.
§ Having discussed the status of the sciatic nerve of a non-kosher animal, the Gemara addresses the status of the sciatic nerve of a kosher animal that did not undergo a proper ritual slaughter. Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: With regard to one who eats the sciatic nerve of an unslaughtered carcass, Rabbi Meir deems him liable to receive two sets of lashes, and the Rabbis say: He is liable to receive only one set of lashes.
וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבִּי מֵאִיר בְּאוֹכֵל גִּיד הַנָּשֶׁה שֶׁל עוֹלָה וְשֶׁל שׁוֹר הַנִּסְקָל, שֶׁחַיָּיב שְׁתַּיִם.
And the Rabbis concede to Rabbi Meir in a case where one eats the sciatic nerve of a burnt offering or of an ox that is stoned that he is liable to receive two sets of lashes. The prohibitions concerning a burnt offering and an ox that is stoned are more severe than that of the sciatic nerve, in that it is forbidden to derive any benefit from them, whereas the sciatic nerve is merely forbidden for consumption. Consequently, these prohibitions take effect even with regard to the sciatic nerve, despite the fact that the sciatic nerve was already forbidden before the animal was consecrated or before it gored a person and became liable to be stoned.
וּמַאן הַאי תַּנָּא, דִּבְאִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל – אִיסּוּר חָל עַל אִיסּוּר לֵית לֵיהּ, אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל בְּאִיסּוּר חָמוּר – אִית לֵיהּ.
The Gemara challenges: And who is this tanna who does not hold that in the case of a more inclusive prohibition, the prohibition takes effect where another prohibition already exists, and consequently, according to his opinion the prohibition of eating an unslaughtered animal, which applies to the entire animal, does not take effect with regard to the sciatic nerve. Yet, he does hold that where the second prohibition is both a more inclusive prohibition and a more stringent prohibition, it does take effect, and therefore the prohibition of eating a burnt offering or an ox that is stoned does take effect with regard to the sciatic nerve.
אָמַר רָבָא: רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי הִיא, דִּתְנַן: טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל קֹדֶשׁ, בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ טָמֵא בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ טָהוֹר – חַיָּיב.
Rava said: It is Rabbi Yosei HaGelili who holds that a more inclusive prohibition does not take effect where there is an already existing prohibition. As we learned in a mishna (Zevaḥim 106a): One who is ritually impure who ate sacrificial food, whether it was ritually impure sacrificial food or ritually pure sacrificial food, is liable to receive karet if he did so intentionally and to bring a sliding-scale offering if he did so unwittingly.
רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי אוֹמֵר: טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּהוֹר – חַיָּיב, טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּמֵא – פָּטוּר, שֶׁלֹּא אֲכַל אֶלָּא דָּבָר טָמֵא.
Rabbi Yosei HaGelili says: An impure individual who ate pure sacrificial food is liable. But an impure individual who ate impure sacrificial food is exempt, as he merely ate an impure item, and the prohibition of eating sacrificial food while one is impure does not apply to impure sacrificial food.
אָמְרוּ לוֹ: אַף טָמֵא שֶׁאָכַל אֶת הַטָּהוֹר, כֵּיוָן שֶׁנָּגַע בּוֹ, טִמְּאָהוּ.
The Rabbis said to him: According to your logic, this halakha would apply even in a case of an impure individual who ate what had been pure sacrificial food, because once he has touched it, he has thereby rendered it impure. Yet, in such a case, he is certainly liable for eating it. So too, an impure individual who ate impure sacrificial food is liable.
שַׁפִּיר קָא אָמְרִי לֵיהּ רַבָּנַן לְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, וְאָמַר רָבָא: בְּנִטְמָא הַגּוּף וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִטְמָא בָּשָׂר – כּוּלֵּי עָלְמָא לָא פְּלִיגִי דְּחַיָּיב, דְּאִיסּוּר כָּרֵת קָדֵים.
The Gemara asks: The Rabbis are saying well to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili; why does Rabbi Yosei HaGelili disagree? And Rava said in elaboration of the dispute: In a case where the person’s body became impure and then afterward the sacrificial meat became impure, everyone agrees that he is liable if he eats the meat, as the prohibition of eating sacrificial meat while impure, which carries the punishment of karet, preceded the prohibition of eating impure sacrificial meat.
כִּי פְּלִיגִי בְּנִטְמָא בָּשָׂר, וְאַחַר כָּךְ נִטְמָא הַגּוּף. רַבָּנַן אִית לְהוּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל, דְּמִגּוֹ דְּמִיחַיַּיב אַחֲתִיכוֹת טְהוֹרוֹת דְּעָלְמָא, מִיחַיַּיב נָמֵי אַחֲתִיכָה טְמֵאָה.
They disagree when the meat became impure and then afterward the person’s body became impure. The Rabbis hold that a more inclusive prohibition takes effect even where there is an already existing prohibition. Consequently, since the prohibition for an impure person to eat sacrificial meat is more inclusive than the prohibition for a pure person to eat impure sacrificial meat, as an impure person is liable for eating even pure pieces of sacrificial meat that are permitted to the rest of the world, he is also liable for this prohibition when he eats an impure piece of sacrificial meat.
וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי לֵית לֵיהּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל, דְּמִגּוֹ לָא אָמְרִינַן.
And Rabbi Yosei HaGelili does not accept the principle that a more inclusive prohibition takes effect even where there is an already existing prohibition, as he holds that we do not say that since it applies to cases that were not yet prohibited it applies to all cases.
וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, נְהִי דְּאִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל לֵית לֵיהּ, בְּאִיסּוּר קַל יָבֹא אִיסּוּר חָמוּר יָחוּל עַל אִיסּוּר קַל, וּמַאי נִיהוּ? טוּמְאַת הַגּוּף, שֶׁהֲרֵי טוּמְאַת הַגּוּף בְּכָרֵת.
The Gemara objects: But even according to Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, granted that he does not hold that a more inclusive prohibition always takes effect where there is an already existing prohibition. But in the case of an already existing lenient prohibition, a more stringent prohibition should come and take effect on the more lenient prohibition. And what is the more stringent prohibition? The prohibition due to the impurity of a person’s body, as one who eats sacrificial food when he has impurity of the body is liable to karet, whereas a pure person who eats impure sacrificial food is merely liable to be flogged. Consequently, the prohibition of eating sacrificial food while impure should apply even though the meat became impure before the person became impure.
אָמַר רַב אָשֵׁי: מַאן לֵימָא לַן דְּטוּמְאַת הַגּוּף חֲמוּרָה, דִּלְמָא טוּמְאַת בָּשָׂר חֲמוּרָה, דְּלֵית לֵיהּ טׇהֳרָה בְּמִקְוֶה.
Rav Ashi said: Who can say to us that the prohibition due to the impurity of a person’s body is more stringent? Perhaps the prohibition due to the impurity of the meat is more stringent, as impure meat does not have the possibility of restoring its state of purity via immersion in a ritual bath, whereas a ritually impure person can become pure in this manner.
וְרַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי לֵית לֵיהּ אִיסּוּר כּוֹלֵל?
The Gemara asks: And does Rabbi Yosei HaGelili not hold that a more inclusive prohibition takes effect where there is an already existing prohibition?
וְהָתַנְיָא: שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים, שָׁגַג וְעָשָׂה מְלָאכָה, מִנַּיִן שֶׁחַיָּיב עַל זֶה בְּעַצְמוֹ וְעַל זֶה בְּעַצְמוֹ? תַּלְמוּד לוֹמַר: ״שַׁבָּת הִיא״, ״יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים הוּא״, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר: אֵינוֹ חַיָּיב אֶלָּא אַחַת.
But isn’t it taught in a baraita: When Shabbat and Yom Kippur occur on the same day, if one acted unwittingly and performed prohibited labor, from where is it derived that he is liable for this by itself and for that by itself, i.e., he is liable to bring two sin offerings, for having transgressed both Shabbat and Yom Kippur? The verse states: “You shall do no manner of work; it is a Shabbat for the Lord in all your dwellings” (Leviticus 23:3), and another verse states: “It is Yom Kippur” (Leviticus 23:27). The term “it is” in each verse teaches that each of these days is considered independently even when it occurs together with another holy day. This is the statement of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Rabbi Akiva says: He is liable to bring only one sin offering because a prohibition does not take effect where another prohibition already exists.
שְׁלַח רָבִין מִשּׁוּם דְּרַבִּי יוֹסֵי בְּרַבִּי חֲנִינָא: כָּךְ הַצָּעָה שֶׁל מִשְׁנָה, וְאֵיפוֹךְ.
The Gemara answers that on this topic Ravin sent a letter citing a statement in the name of Rabbi Yosei, son of Rabbi Ḥanina: This is the correct presentation of this teaching [hatza’a shel mishna], i.e., the opinions in this baraita are accurate, but one must reverse the attributions of each opinion so that the first opinion is that of Rabbi Akiva and the second opinion is that of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Consequently, Rabbi Yosei HaGelili holds that two prohibitions do not take effect at the same time even if one is more inclusive or stringent than the other.
שְׁלַח רַב יִצְחָק בַּר יַעֲקֹב בַּר גִּיּוֹרֵי מִשּׁוּם דְּרַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: לְדִבְרֵי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי, לְמַאי דַּאֲפַכַן, שָׁגַג בְּשַׁבָּת וְהֵזִיד בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – חַיָּיב, הֵזִיד בְּשַׁבָּת וְשָׁגַג בְּיוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – פָּטוּר.
The Gemara continues to discuss the opinion of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili. Rav Yitzḥak bar Ya’akov bar Giyorei sent a letter citing a statement in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: According to the statement of Rabbi Yosei HaGelili, as stated in the baraita once the attributions have been reversed, if one unwittingly performed a forbidden labor on a Yom Kippur that occurred on Shabbat, he is obligated to bring one sin offering. If he acted unwittingly with regard to the fact that it was Shabbat, i.e., he forgot that it was Shabbat, but acted intentionally with regard to Yom Kippur, he is obligated to bring a sin offering. But if he acted intentionally with regard to Shabbat but unwittingly with regard to Yom Kippur, he is exempt from bringing any offering.
מַאי טַעְמָא? אָמַר אַבָּיֵי: שַׁבָּת קְבִיעָא וְקַיְימָא, יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים – בֵּי דִינָא דְּקָא קָבְעִי לֵיהּ.
The Gemara asks: What is the reason for Rabbi Yoḥanan’s statement? Abaye said: Shabbat is established and permanent, i.e., it always occurs on the seventh day of the week, whereas in the case of Yom Kippur, it is the court that establishes it, as the Sages determine the New Moon. Consequently, Shabbat is considered to have preceded Yom Kippur, and the prohibition to perform labor on Yom Kippur does not apply, due to the fact that labor is already prohibited because it is Shabbat. Since one brings a sin offering only due to unwitting transgression, he is obligated to bring a sin offering only if he performed labor without realizing it was Shabbat.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רָבָא: סוֹף סוֹף, תַּרְוַיְיהוּ בַּהֲדֵי הֲדָדֵי קָאָתוּ. אֶלָּא אָמַר רָבָא: שְׁמָדָא הֲוָה, וּשְׁלַחוּ מִתָּם דְּיוֹמָא דְּכִפּוּרֵי דְּהָא שַׁתָּא שַׁבְּתָא הוּא. וְכֵן כִּי אֲתָא רָבִין וְכֹל נָחוֹתֵי אַמְרוּהָ כְּרָבָא.
Rava said to Abaye: Ultimately both of them, i.e., Shabbat and Yom Kippur, come into effect at the same time. Since both take effect at the beginning of the calendar day, it cannot be said that Shabbat precedes Yom Kippur. Rather Rava said a different explanation. It was a time of religious persecution, and they sent from there, i.e., from Eretz Yisrael, a directive stating that Yom Kippur of this year will not be observed on its proper day but rather on Shabbat. Rabbi Yoḥanan was merely stating that on that particular year one who would unwittingly transgress Yom Kippur would be exempt from bringing a sin offering. And similarly, when Ravin and all those who descended from Eretz Yisrael came to Babylonia, they said that the true explanation is in accordance with the opinion of Rava.
אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וַהֲלֹא מִבְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב [וְכוּ׳].
§ The mishna teaches: Rabbi Yehuda said in explanation: Wasn’t the sciatic nerve forbidden for the children of Jacob, as it is written: “Therefore the children of Israel eat not the sciatic nerve” (Genesis 32:33), yet the meat of a non-kosher animal was still permitted to them? Since the sciatic nerve of non-kosher animals became forbidden at that time, it remains forbidden now.
תַּנְיָא, אָמְרוּ לוֹ לְרַבִּי יְהוּדָה: וְכִי נֶאֱמַר ״עַל כֵּן לֹא יֹאכְלוּ בְּנֵי יַעֲקֹב״? וַהֲלֹא לֹא נֶאֱמַר אֶלָּא ״בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״, וְלֹא נִקְרְאוּ ״בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל״ עַד סִינַי! אֶלָּא בְּסִינַי נֶאֱמַר, אֶלָּא שֶׁנִּכְתַּב בִּמְקוֹמוֹ לֵידַע מֵאֵיזֶה טַעַם נֶאֱסַר לָהֶם.
It is taught in a baraita that the Rabbis said to Rabbi Yehuda: But is it stated in the verse: Therefore the children of Jacob do not eat the sciatic nerve? Isn’t it true that it is stated only that: “Therefore the children of Israel do not eat the sciatic nerve?” And the Jewish people were not called “the children of Israel” until they received the Torah at Mount Sinai. Rather, this terminology indicates that the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve was stated to the Jewish people at Sinai, but was written in its place, after the incident of Jacob wrestling with the angel, to allow the Jewish people to know the reason the sciatic nerve was forbidden to them. Since the prohibition came into effect only at Sinai, there is no proof that it ever applied with regard to non-kosher animals.
מֵתִיב רָבָא: ״וַיִּשְׂאוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל אֶת יַעֲקֹב אֲבִיהֶם״, לְאַחַר מַעֲשֶׂה.
Rava raises an objection to this baraita: The verse states: “And Jacob rose up from Beersheba; and the children of Israel carried Jacob their father, and their little ones, and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent to carry him” (Genesis 46:5). This occurred before the Torah was given at Sinai, and therefore proves that the title “the children of Israel” was in use before the Torah was given. The Gemara answers: Nevertheless, this occurred after the incident, i.e., after Jacob wrestled with the angel and after the prophetic vision in which God changed Jacob’s name to Israel (Genesis 35:10).
אֲמַר לֵיהּ רַב אַחָא בְּרֵיהּ דְּרָבָא לְרַב אָשֵׁי: מֵהָהִיא שַׁעְתָּא לִיתְּסַר.
Rav Aḥa, son of Rava, said to Rav Ashi: In that case, the sciatic nerve should be understood as having become forbidden to them from that time when they were first called the children of Israel. Since this was before the giving of the Torah, this would be in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda and not that of the Rabbis.
אֲמַר לֵיהּ: וְכִי תוֹרָה פְּעָמִים פְּעָמִים נִיתְּנָה? הָהוּא שַׁעְתָּא לָאו שְׁעַת מַעֲשֶׂה הֲוַאי, וְלָא שְׁעַת מַתַּן תּוֹרָה הֲוַאי.
Rav Ashi said to him: Was the Torah given piecemeal, on numerous different occasions? It was given at Sinai. Rather, that time when the title “children of Israel” was first used was not the time when the incident of Jacob wrestling with the angel occurred and also was not the time of the giving of the Torah at Mount Sinai. Therefore, there is no reason to assume that the prohibition took effect at that time.
תָּנוּ רַבָּנַן: אֵבֶר מִן הַחַי נוֹהֵג בִּבְהֵמָה, חַיָּה וָעוֹף, בֵּין טְמֵאִין וּבֵין טְהוֹרִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְרַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים: אֵינוֹ נוֹהֵג אֶלָּא בִּטְהוֹרִין.
§ The mishna taught a dispute between Rabbi Yehuda and the Rabbis with regard to the prohibition of eating the sciatic nerve. The Gemara now cites a similar dispute between them with regard to eating a limb from a living animal. The Sages taught in a baraita: The prohibition of eating a limb from a living animal applies whether the limb comes from a domesticated animal, an undomesticated animal, or a bird, and whether it is from a non-kosher species or from a kosher species; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Elazar. But the Rabbis say: The prohibition of eating a limb from a living animal applies only to a limb from a kosher species.
אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן: וּשְׁנֵיהֶן מִקְרָא אֶחָד דָּרְשׁוּ, ״רַק חֲזַק לְבִלְתִּי אֲכֹל הַדָּם כִּי הַדָּם הוּא הַנָּפֶשׁ
Rabbi Yoḥanan says: And both of them, i.e., the Rabbis as well as Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Elazar, derived their opinions from one verse: “Only be steadfast in not eating the blood, for the blood is the life;
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